2023考研英語閱讀理解沖刺練習題及解析7
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition sbehalf. If the tradition of amb i tion is to have vitality, it must be widelyshared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselvesadmired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is theeducated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is oddis that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents andgrandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing thebarn door after the horses have escaped ― withthe educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and itssigns now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs the locations, place names and name brands may change, but suchitems do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What hashappened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily andopenly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive andvulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now morethan ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with aSouthampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals inthree-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy inall phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. Forsuch people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulationis, Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; itspublic defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremelyunattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, aquality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lowerthan it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition isat an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but onlythat, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequencesfollow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is drivenunderground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the leftangry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, themajority of earnest people trying to get on in life. 27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____. [A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices [B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power [C]its goals are spiritual rather than material [D]it is shared by the rich and the famous 28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____ . [A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words [B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out [C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal [D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____. [A]they think of it as immoral [B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth [C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits [D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____. [A]secretly and vigorously [B]openly and enthusiastically [C]easily and momentarily [D]verbally and spiritually 名師解析 27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____. 普遍認為，如果 ____, 雄心就能夠受人尊重。 [A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices 雄心的回報充分補償了所作的犧牲 [B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power 雄心以金錢、名譽和權力作為回報 [C] its goals are spiritual rather than material 雄心的目標是精神上的而不是物質上的 [D] it is shared by the rich and the famous 它是富人和名人共享的 【答案】 A 【考點】事實細節題。 【分析】文章第一句指出，雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報財富、聲望、對命運的掌控則必須被認為值得為之犧牲。也就是說，正確答案是 [A] 。 [B] 中的金錢、聲望和對命運的控制，在第一句中，只是作為取得回報的三個例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項 [A] 更加確切地表達了第一句的意思。 [C] 、 [D] 的說法顯然不對。 28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____. 第一段最后一句話很可能暗示的內容是 ____ 。 [A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words 受過教育的人習慣于口頭上拋棄雄心 [B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out 雄心一旦釋放，要想再阻攔就晚了 [C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal 在目標達成之后不誠實地否認雄心 [D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 對受過教育的人來說，要享受雄心帶來的好處是不實際的。 【答案】 C 【考點】句意題。 【分析】本句中出現一個比喻，意思是他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認擁有野心的重要性。這和 [C] 的意思是吻合的。 [A] 的錯誤在于它不夠完整，沒有提到受益這個概念。 [B] 的說法是字面意思。 [D] 選項沒有根據。 29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambitionbecause____. 一些人不公開宣稱他們有雄心，是因為 ____ 。 [A] they think of it as immoral 他們認為這不道德 [B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth 他們追求的不是名聲和財富 [C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits 雄心和物質利益并非緊密相連 [D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 他們不想讓自己看上去貪婪和可鄙 【答案】 D 【考點】事實細節題。 【分析】根據第二段第三句，現在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認自己的夢想，以免別人認為自己愛出風頭，貪婪和庸俗，所以答案是 [D] 。 30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____. 從最后一段可以得出雄心應該被 ____ _ 保持這一結論。 [A]secretly and vigorously 秘密并嚴格地 [B]openly and enthusiastically 公開和充滿熱情地 [C]easily and momentarily 容易并暫時地 [D]verbally and spiritually 在語言上和精神上 【答案】 B 【考點】作者觀點題。 【分析】文章最后一段提到本應該是一種健康的沖動，一種應該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質的雄心，卻被人攻擊，得不到支持。由于不公開，雄心轉為地下，雄心變得偷偷摸摸。由此推論，作者認為人們不應該隱瞞自己的雄心，而應該坦言。 難句解析： 1. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must bewidely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who arethemselves admired, the educated not least among them. 【結構分析】本句是并列句，前一個分句中， if 引導條件狀語從句，主句主語 it 指代 thetradition of ambition 。后一個分句中 who 引導一個定語從句修飾 people ， theeducated not least among them 是 people 的補語。 2. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to theirdreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar. 【結構分析】 what 引導主語從句， that 引導表語從句。 asas結構做程度狀語，此外 lest 引導帶虛擬語氣的假設狀語從句。 3. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, whichnow more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialismwith a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes hismeals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatorydemocracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in privateschools. 【結構分析】本句看上去很長，主句是 we aretreated to fine hypocritical spectacles 。 which 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾 spectacles 。在冒號的后面是三個并列的名詞性短語，關鍵詞分別是 critic ， publisher 和journalist 。 全文翻譯： 雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報財富、聲望、對命運的掌控則必須被認為值得為之犧牲。如果雄心的傳統要煥發生命力，那么它就應該受到廣泛的認同;雄心尤其應該得到那些自身得到他人崇拜的人們的高度尊重，那些接受過良好教育的人最應該包括在內。怪就怪在恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人在聲稱他們不再將雄心作為理想。可是奇怪的是他們已經從雄心中受益最多如果不總是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的和祖父母的。這其中有著強烈的虛偽感，就好比把馬放跑后再關上馬廄的門，而騎在那些馬背上的正是受過良好教育的人自己。 當然，現在人們對成功及其標志的興趣似乎不遜從前，夏日別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬轎車盡管它們的地點、地名和商標可能會不一樣，但現在對這些東西的需求似乎并未比一、二十年前減少。現在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認自己的夢想，以免別人認為自己愛出風頭，貪婪和庸俗。相反，我們目睹的是得體的虛偽，而且比以前任何時候都多。如：美國物欲主義批評家在南安普頓擁有一幢夏日別墅;激進讀物的出版商到三星級賓館就餐;倡導終生參與民主制的資訊記者卻把自己的子女送進私立學校。對于這樣的人，以及其他許多不如他們這么特殊的人而言，最好的表達是成功不惜一切代價，雄心不讓任何人看出。 很多人從不同角度對雄心進行了攻擊;卻沒什么人為之公開辯護，即使辯護也不能服人，盡管辯護者并非極不引人注意。因此，在美國，本應該是一種健康的沖動，一種應該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質的雄心，其得到的支持也許比以往任何時期都低。但這并不意味著雄心已經結束了，人們不再感覺到它對人們的激勵了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更少愿意公開地承認。很多不良后果隨之而來，如雄心被趕入地下，或變得偷偷摸摸。現在的情況是這樣的：左邊是憤怒的批評家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數認真而努力追求成功的人。
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition sbehalf. If the tradition of amb i tion is to have vitality, it must be widelyshared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselvesadmired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is theeducated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is oddis that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents andgrandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing thebarn door after the horses have escaped ― withthe educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and itssigns now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs the locations, place names and name brands may change, but suchitems do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What hashappened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily andopenly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive andvulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now morethan ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with aSouthampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals inthree-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy inall phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. Forsuch people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulationis, Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; itspublic defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremelyunattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, aquality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lowerthan it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition isat an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but onlythat, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequencesfollow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is drivenunderground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the leftangry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, themajority of earnest people trying to get on in life. 27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____. [A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices [B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power [C]its goals are spiritual rather than material [D]it is shared by the rich and the famous 28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____ . [A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words [B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out [C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal [D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____. [A]they think of it as immoral [B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth [C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits [D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____. [A]secretly and vigorously [B]openly and enthusiastically [C]easily and momentarily [D]verbally and spiritually 名師解析 27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____. 普遍認為，如果 ____, 雄心就能夠受人尊重。 [A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices 雄心的回報充分補償了所作的犧牲 [B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power 雄心以金錢、名譽和權力作為回報 [C] its goals are spiritual rather than material 雄心的目標是精神上的而不是物質上的 [D] it is shared by the rich and the famous 它是富人和名人共享的 【答案】 A 【考點】事實細節題。 【分析】文章第一句指出，雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報財富、聲望、對命運的掌控則必須被認為值得為之犧牲。也就是說，正確答案是 [A] 。 [B] 中的金錢、聲望和對命運的控制，在第一句中，只是作為取得回報的三個例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項 [A] 更加確切地表達了第一句的意思。 [C] 、 [D] 的說法顯然不對。 28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably impliesthat it is____. 第一段最后一句話很可能暗示的內容是 ____ 。 [A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words 受過教育的人習慣于口頭上拋棄雄心 [B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out 雄心一旦釋放，要想再阻攔就晚了 [C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal 在目標達成之后不誠實地否認雄心 [D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 對受過教育的人來說，要享受雄心帶來的好處是不實際的。 【答案】 C 【考點】句意題。 【分析】本句中出現一個比喻，意思是他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認擁有野心的重要性。這和 [C] 的意思是吻合的。 [A] 的錯誤在于它不夠完整，沒有提到受益這個概念。 [B] 的說法是字面意思。 [D] 選項沒有根據。 29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambitionbecause____. 一些人不公開宣稱他們有雄心，是因為 ____ 。 [A] they think of it as immoral 他們認為這不道德 [B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth 他們追求的不是名聲和財富 [C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits 雄心和物質利益并非緊密相連 [D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 他們不想讓自己看上去貪婪和可鄙 【答案】 D 【考點】事實細節題。 【分析】根據第二段第三句，現在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認自己的夢想，以免別人認為自己愛出風頭，貪婪和庸俗，所以答案是 [D] 。 30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn thatambition should be maintained_____. 從最后一段可以得出雄心應該被 ____ _ 保持這一結論。 [A]secretly and vigorously 秘密并嚴格地 [B]openly and enthusiastically 公開和充滿熱情地 [C]easily and momentarily 容易并暫時地 [D]verbally and spiritually 在語言上和精神上 【答案】 B 【考點】作者觀點題。 【分析】文章最后一段提到本應該是一種健康的沖動，一種應該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質的雄心，卻被人攻擊，得不到支持。由于不公開，雄心轉為地下，雄心變得偷偷摸摸。由此推論，作者認為人們不應該隱瞞自己的雄心，而應該坦言。 難句解析： 1. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must bewidely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who arethemselves admired, the educated not least among them. 【結構分析】本句是并列句，前一個分句中， if 引導條件狀語從句，主句主語 it 指代 thetradition of ambition 。后一個分句中 who 引導一個定語從句修飾 people ， theeducated not least among them 是 people 的補語。 2. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to theirdreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar. 【結構分析】 what 引導主語從句， that 引導表語從句。 asas結構做程度狀語，此外 lest 引導帶虛擬語氣的假設狀語從句。 3. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, whichnow more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialismwith a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes hismeals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatorydemocracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in privateschools. 【結構分析】本句看上去很長，主句是 we aretreated to fine hypocritical spectacles 。 which 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾 spectacles 。在冒號的后面是三個并列的名詞性短語，關鍵詞分別是 critic ， publisher 和journalist 。 全文翻譯： 雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報財富、聲望、對命運的掌控則必須被認為值得為之犧牲。如果雄心的傳統要煥發生命力，那么它就應該受到廣泛的認同;雄心尤其應該得到那些自身得到他人崇拜的人們的高度尊重，那些接受過良好教育的人最應該包括在內。怪就怪在恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人在聲稱他們不再將雄心作為理想。可是奇怪的是他們已經從雄心中受益最多如果不總是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的和祖父母的。這其中有著強烈的虛偽感，就好比把馬放跑后再關上馬廄的門，而騎在那些馬背上的正是受過良好教育的人自己。 當然，現在人們對成功及其標志的興趣似乎不遜從前，夏日別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬轎車盡管它們的地點、地名和商標可能會不一樣，但現在對這些東西的需求似乎并未比一、二十年前減少。現在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開地承認自己的夢想，以免別人認為自己愛出風頭，貪婪和庸俗。相反，我們目睹的是得體的虛偽，而且比以前任何時候都多。如：美國物欲主義批評家在南安普頓擁有一幢夏日別墅;激進讀物的出版商到三星級賓館就餐;倡導終生參與民主制的資訊記者卻把自己的子女送進私立學校。對于這樣的人，以及其他許多不如他們這么特殊的人而言，最好的表達是成功不惜一切代價，雄心不讓任何人看出。 很多人從不同角度對雄心進行了攻擊;卻沒什么人為之公開辯護，即使辯護也不能服人，盡管辯護者并非極不引人注意。因此，在美國，本應該是一種健康的沖動，一種應該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質的雄心，其得到的支持也許比以往任何時期都低。但這并不意味著雄心已經結束了，人們不再感覺到它對人們的激勵了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更少愿意公開地承認。很多不良后果隨之而來，如雄心被趕入地下，或變得偷偷摸摸。現在的情況是這樣的：左邊是憤怒的批評家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數認真而努力追求成功的人。
