王長(zhǎng)喜四級(jí)大課堂（第十講）

　　大學(xué)閱讀理解部分是眾多考生最為擔(dān)心的部分。此部分得分高低，對(duì)整個(gè)考試的成功與否起著決定性作用。閱讀理解不僅考查學(xué)生的詞匯量、語法知識(shí)、閱讀速度等基本功，而且還考查學(xué)生判斷、推理、歸納、總結(jié)等綜合能力。閱讀理解題雖說對(duì)考生要求較高，但我們?cè)谏钊胙芯繗v屆四六級(jí)閱讀理解真題后發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀理解的命題考點(diǎn)和測(cè)試題型均有一定的內(nèi)在規(guī)律。考生只要基本功尚可，然后掌握了這些規(guī)律，其應(yīng)試技巧必將大大提高，從而在眾多強(qiáng)手中脫穎而出。

　　命題考點(diǎn)規(guī)律及其對(duì)應(yīng)題型

　　分析研究英語四六級(jí)考試閱讀理解歷屆考題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點(diǎn)是有一定規(guī)律的，且考點(diǎn)規(guī)律常與某種題型相對(duì)應(yīng)。如果考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時(shí)，敏銳地捕捉到考點(diǎn)并能預(yù)測(cè)可能會(huì)出的題型。考生此時(shí)應(yīng)用筆在這些可能會(huì)出題的考點(diǎn)輕輕劃上記號(hào)，等看完短文開始做題時(shí)，針對(duì)題干的提問，迅速找到做記號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，再仔細(xì)分析、答題。這樣，考生就能節(jié)省不少時(shí)間，從而避免開始做題時(shí)又要通閱全文盲目找考點(diǎn)。下面，我們結(jié)合歷屆四六級(jí)真題和大學(xué)90分突破《閱讀與簡(jiǎn)答》分冊(cè)，將這些考點(diǎn)規(guī)律及對(duì)應(yīng)題型歸納如下：

　　1、列舉處常考

　　列舉處指的是First,，second, ，Third, 等逐步列出，然后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。該考點(diǎn)常出題型是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

　　例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

　　Q: Whats the policemans biggest headache?

　　He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

　　He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

　　He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.

　　He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.

　　,又要及時(shí)破案,這令他們很難兩頭兼顧，有時(shí)只有犯規(guī)。很明顯，B、C、D三項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容不符。)

　　在做此類細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題時(shí)，只要把細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)找到，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，跟細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)不一致的就不是選項(xiàng)。考生只需細(xì)心一點(diǎn)都能辨清細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，選對(duì)答案。

　　例2.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present.First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand.If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages.

　　Q:which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?

　　Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.

　　More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.

　　Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.

　　Envionmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this

　　decade.

　　2、舉例子打比喻的地方常考

　　為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心緊密相關(guān)的，常以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性題型和推斷性題型出現(xiàn)，但偏傾于推斷性題型。

　　例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.

　　Q：Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .

　　decision making drives and feelings

　　growth of reasoning information absorption

　　例2.. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as reader,listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

　　Q: The passage is most like a part of 。

　　a news article a journalistic interview

　　a research report a preface

　　例3 .In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.

　　Q：Which of the following statements does the writer support?

　　The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.

　　Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.

　　Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.

　　Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes.

　　3、引用人物論斷處常考

　　作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù)，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以推理性題為主，有時(shí)也出細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性題型。

　　例1.There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that,says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin.

　　Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA ________ .

　　for young adults to leave their parents and live independently.

　　For middle class young adults to stay with their parents.

　　For married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence.

　　For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.

　　例2. people cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,says Dr. David.They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 howler, when they really need 7.5 , eight or even more to feel ideally rigorous.

　　Q: According to Dr. David, Americans ________ .

　　are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.

　　Often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit.

　　Do not know how to relax themselves properly.

　　Can get by on 6.5 hoarse of sleep.

　　例3. By the millions they are coming-no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. We dont have a budget,says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two companions through New York litys South Street, We juse use our credit cards.

　　Q：From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourist

　　like her ________ .

　　are reluctant to carry cash with them.

　　Simply dont care how much they spend.

　　Are not good at planning their expenditure.

　　Often spend more money that they can afford.

　　而根本不做預(yù)算,可推斷出他們這類人是根本不管花多少錢的。即B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。)

　　4、轉(zhuǎn)折處與強(qiáng)對(duì)比處常考

　　一般而言，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語義的重點(diǎn)，命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語來引導(dǎo)。強(qiáng)對(duì)比常由unlike, until, not so muchas等詞或短語引導(dǎo)。命題者常對(duì)用來對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。

　　此類考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在邏輯推理型題中，少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其它題型中。

　　例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole. Others blame the state of the world But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either..

　　Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ .

　　society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates.

　　High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.

　　Too many students have to earn their own living.

　　College administrators encourage students to drop out.

　　例2 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding.

　　Q： It can be conduced from the passage that ________ .

　　例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

　　Q：The author writes this passage to _______ .

　　discuss the negative aspects of being attractive.

　　Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive.

　　Demand equal rights for women.

　　Emphasize the importance of appearance.

　　例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.

　　Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level.

　　TV stations always operate at the highest sound level.

　　Their sound levels are kept around peak level.

　　Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency rarges.

　　Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.

　　。命題者給出的B答案中，只是對(duì)however后原句進(jìn)行了詞語和句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，詳析見《分冊(cè)》P16頁例8答案。)

　　5、復(fù)雜句常考

　　復(fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處，包括同位語、插入語、定語、長(zhǎng)句后半句，從句、不定式、副詞等，命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子之間指代關(guān)系。文章段落之間關(guān)系的理解，常以邏輯推理題型出現(xiàn)，包括少量其它題型。

　　例1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informals flow of in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

　　Q：The word it most probably refers to ________ .

　　the lack of stable communities.

　　The breakdown of informal imformation channels.

　　The increased mobility of families

　　The growing number of people moving from place to place.

　　例2. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-iybcem, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake, mixes, etc.

　　Q：The wordundue means ______ 。

　　improper unexpected adequate excessive

　　例3 All this will lead to a population in the twenty first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brang by under ventral the news is encouraging.

　　Q:The population in the 21st century,arousing to the writer,_____.

　　will be smaller than a few gears ago.

　　will not be as small as people expect.

　　will prove to be a threat to the world.

　　will not constitute as serious a problem as expected.

　　6、因果句常考

　　命題者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系的試題，或出些概括文意、段意試題。一般以推理性題型和主旨大意題型出現(xiàn)，兼顧少量其它題型。表示因果關(guān)系的詞有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。

　　例1. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of how

　　Q：The passage is mainly about______ .

　　why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection.

　　Why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment.

　　How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers.

　　Why computer crimes cant be eliminated.

　　Because作了回答。這也就是全文要告訴讀者的關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪清除不了的原因，故選D。)

　　例2 Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminatesthe useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the maliceof the malicious.

　　Q:The author describes the telephone as impartial because it______.

　　saves lives of people in remote places.

　　Enables people to live alone if they want to.

　　Spreads both love and ill will

　　Replaces much written communication.

　　例3 The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change

　　Q：According to the author, the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because .

　　the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind.

　　The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before.

　　It has helped to switch to an information technology.

　　It has a great potential impact on society.

　　7、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后內(nèi)容常考

　　由于特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明，因此命題者常以標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。具體說，特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括：破折號(hào);括號(hào);冒號(hào);引號(hào)。題型一般有推理題，主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題等。

　　例1. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of trefoil jam of words caused by interruption, false, and unpredictable pauses.

　　Q：To keep a conversation flowing smoothing, it is better for the participants ______ .

　　out to wear dark spectacles

　　not to make any interruptions

　　not to glance away

　　not to make unpredictable pauses.

　　例2. She adds:Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility. Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.

　　Q：The best title for this passage would be ______ .