2024年職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識講解:第十二講狀語從句
狀語從句:
所謂狀語從句,是指用來說明主句行為(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。
1) 時(shí)間狀語從句:
記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn):
(1)when / while / as (當(dāng)時(shí)侯)
注意:while除了做時(shí)間狀語的連接詞外,還解釋為雖然,而.
例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy. (他很勤奮,而她卻很懶。)
(2)before (after) 在之前(后)
(3)until / not until(直到)注意:not until放在句首時(shí),往往要求倒裝(詳見第七講)
(4)as soon as / once (一就)
(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞,這里作連接詞,表示一就,
例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly (或用immediately / as soon as) I had done it. (剛做完這件事,我就知道我做錯(cuò)了。)
(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞,這里作連接詞用。
(7)hardly (scarcely)when / no soonerthan一就
注意:這是時(shí)間狀語考試的重點(diǎn)句型,一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了,二是要用倒裝語序(詳見第七講)。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. (我剛坐下,電話鈴就響了。)
重點(diǎn):在時(shí)間(和條件)狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。
例如:
Well start as soon as the leader ______. ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一來就開始。)
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據(jù)英語時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則,主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C,但是正確答案是A,因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。將上句改為過去時(shí),道理也一樣:
He said (that) we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應(yīng)為A
2) 條件狀語從句:
分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(虛擬語氣)
重點(diǎn):在條件(時(shí)間)狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)(可參見時(shí)間狀語從句例子)
虛擬語氣(見第六講)
主要連接詞:
(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 如果不)
例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路:根據(jù)上面說過的連接原則,這里必須是一個(gè)連接詞,而A,B都是介詞,因此正確答案只能在C,D中選。whereas意為而,故正確答案為C.(不應(yīng)把兒童帶到重病人房間,除非有某種特殊原因。)
(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (如果)知道這也是連接詞就可以了,一般說,當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí),應(yīng)傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語從句:
主要連接詞:because/ since / as
要點(diǎn):不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語because of ( + 名詞或-ing形式) 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下, because表示直接因果關(guān)系,而since, as 是對事實(shí)的說明,主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關(guān)系.
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已經(jīng)18歲了,應(yīng)該知道什么該干什么不該干。)
這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for從句,例如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. (他肯定已經(jīng)睡了;現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很晚了。) 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that (由于)
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鑒于這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)解決,他們開始進(jìn)行下一個(gè)問題。) n
in that(在于)一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比動(dòng)物高等,因?yàn)槿四芤哉Z言作為工具進(jìn)行交際。)
狀語從句:
所謂狀語從句,是指用來說明主句行為(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。
1) 時(shí)間狀語從句:
記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn):
(1)when / while / as (當(dāng)時(shí)侯)
注意:while除了做時(shí)間狀語的連接詞外,還解釋為雖然,而.
例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy. (他很勤奮,而她卻很懶。)
(2)before (after) 在之前(后)
(3)until / not until(直到)注意:not until放在句首時(shí),往往要求倒裝(詳見第七講)
(4)as soon as / once (一就)
(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞,這里作連接詞,表示一就,
例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly (或用immediately / as soon as) I had done it. (剛做完這件事,我就知道我做錯(cuò)了。)
(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞,這里作連接詞用。
(7)hardly (scarcely)when / no soonerthan一就
注意:這是時(shí)間狀語考試的重點(diǎn)句型,一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了,二是要用倒裝語序(詳見第七講)。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. (我剛坐下,電話鈴就響了。)
重點(diǎn):在時(shí)間(和條件)狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。
例如:
Well start as soon as the leader ______. ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一來就開始。)
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據(jù)英語時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則,主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C,但是正確答案是A,因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。將上句改為過去時(shí),道理也一樣:
He said (that) we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應(yīng)為A
2) 條件狀語從句:
分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(虛擬語氣)
重點(diǎn):在條件(時(shí)間)狀語中,用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)(可參見時(shí)間狀語從句例子)
虛擬語氣(見第六講)
主要連接詞:
(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 如果不)
例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路:根據(jù)上面說過的連接原則,這里必須是一個(gè)連接詞,而A,B都是介詞,因此正確答案只能在C,D中選。whereas意為而,故正確答案為C.(不應(yīng)把兒童帶到重病人房間,除非有某種特殊原因。)
(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (如果)知道這也是連接詞就可以了,一般說,當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí),應(yīng)傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語從句:
主要連接詞:because/ since / as
要點(diǎn):不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語because of ( + 名詞或-ing形式) 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下, because表示直接因果關(guān)系,而since, as 是對事實(shí)的說明,主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關(guān)系.
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已經(jīng)18歲了,應(yīng)該知道什么該干什么不該干。)
這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for從句,例如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. (他肯定已經(jīng)睡了;現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很晚了。) 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that (由于)
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鑒于這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)解決,他們開始進(jìn)行下一個(gè)問題。) n
in that(在于)一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比動(dòng)物高等,因?yàn)槿四芤哉Z言作為工具進(jìn)行交際。)