2023年職稱英語考試理工類的閱讀理解講義

　　Experts Call for Local and Regional Control

　　1. The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository1 has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan2 geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University3 nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.

　　3. Ewing and yon Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress4 in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved5 after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.

　　回指

　　詞匯：

　　shelve v.擱置

　　controversial adj.有爭議的

　　reactor n.反應(yīng)堆，反應(yīng)器

　　注釋：

　　2. University of Michigan：美國密歇根大學(xué)，建于 1817 年。

　　4. Congress: 美國國會，美國最高立法機關(guān)，由參議院和眾議院組成。

　　6. spent nuclear fuel：也叫做 used nuclear fuel，一般譯為乏核燃料。

　　8. geological repositories in a variety of rock types：各種不同巖層中的地質(zhì)處置 庫。geological repositories 指的是地表以下 300～1500 米的穩(wěn)定的地質(zhì)體中建造的 用于最終處置高放廢物和乏核燃料的工程設(shè)施。處置庫是一個多重屏障系統(tǒng)，工程屏障由廢物體、廢物罐、外包裝和緩沖回填材料組成，而天然屏障則是能有效阻滯放射性核 素遷移的地質(zhì)體，包括花崗巖、粘土巖、凝灰?guī)r和巖鹽等。許多專家認為地質(zhì)處置是安 全的，技術(shù)上是可行的，對環(huán)境是無害的。

　　取消，撤銷 1行

　　1. Which of the following words can best substitute the word withdrawal in the first paragraph?

　　2.直查英漢

　　A.Retirement. 退休

　　C.Replaced. 代替，替換

　　信息詞

　　A.should be approved by the federal government.

　　C.should be approved by Congress.

　　信息詞

　　A.Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.

　　C.The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems.

　　4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?

　　B.Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.

　　D.Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.

　　四段最后 四段3行

　　B.Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.

　　D.Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.

　　1. B withdrawal 是個多義詞，在句子中的意思是撤銷或中止。

　　3. D 第三段的第一個句子包含了 A、B 和 C 所述內(nèi)容。

　　5. A This regional approach 的意思是：地域性方法，指的是前一段中所表述的內(nèi)容， 即，地方政府應(yīng)當考慮當?shù)氐奶厥猸h(huán)境，對核廢物的處置地選擇負責(zé)。B、C 和 D 的表述內(nèi)容都是錯誤理解。

　　Experts Call for Local and Regional Control

　　1. The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository1 has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan2 geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University3 nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.

　　3. Ewing and yon Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress4 in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved5 after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.

　　回指

　　詞匯：

　　shelve v.擱置

　　controversial adj.有爭議的

　　reactor n.反應(yīng)堆，反應(yīng)器

　　注釋：

　　2. University of Michigan：美國密歇根大學(xué)，建于 1817 年。

　　4. Congress: 美國國會，美國最高立法機關(guān)，由參議院和眾議院組成。

　　6. spent nuclear fuel：也叫做 used nuclear fuel，一般譯為乏核燃料。

　　8. geological repositories in a variety of rock types：各種不同巖層中的地質(zhì)處置 庫。geological repositories 指的是地表以下 300～1500 米的穩(wěn)定的地質(zhì)體中建造的 用于最終處置高放廢物和乏核燃料的工程設(shè)施。處置庫是一個多重屏障系統(tǒng)，工程屏障由廢物體、廢物罐、外包裝和緩沖回填材料組成，而天然屏障則是能有效阻滯放射性核 素遷移的地質(zhì)體，包括花崗巖、粘土巖、凝灰?guī)r和巖鹽等。許多專家認為地質(zhì)處置是安 全的，技術(shù)上是可行的，對環(huán)境是無害的。

　　取消，撤銷 1行

　　1. Which of the following words can best substitute the word withdrawal in the first paragraph?

　　2.直查英漢

　　A.Retirement. 退休

　　C.Replaced. 代替，替換

　　信息詞

　　A.should be approved by the federal government.

　　C.should be approved by Congress.

　　信息詞

　　A.Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.

　　C.The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems.

　　4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?

　　B.Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.

　　D.Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.

　　四段最后 四段3行

　　B.Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.

　　D.Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.

　　1. B withdrawal 是個多義詞，在句子中的意思是撤銷或中止。

　　3. D 第三段的第一個句子包含了 A、B 和 C 所述內(nèi)容。

　　5. A This regional approach 的意思是：地域性方法，指的是前一段中所表述的內(nèi)容， 即，地方政府應(yīng)當考慮當?shù)氐奶厥猸h(huán)境，對核廢物的處置地選擇負責(zé)。B、C 和 D 的表述內(nèi)容都是錯誤理解。