2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(安徽版)專題四介詞和介詞短語
2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語安徽版 四、介詞和介詞短語
真題試做
1.(2024·北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight ______ the shoulders?
A.a(chǎn)t
B.on
C.to
D.a(chǎn)cross
2.(2024·上海高考)______ passion,people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.
A.For
B.Without
C.Beneath
D.By
3.(2024·遼寧高考)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place
______ the main road at the far end of the lake.
A.to
B.for
C.off
D.out
4.(2024·安徽高考)You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be ______ life.
A.of
B.on
C.to
D.for
5.(2024·浙江高考)______ all the animals I've ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
A.From
B.Of
C.For
D.With
6.(2024·江蘇高考)—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back,just ______ to avoid the racing car.
A.in time
B.in case
C.in need
D.in vain
考向分析
1.考查常用介詞和介詞短語的基本用法。從歷年全國及各省市高考題中可看出,介詞類考題常集中于一些常用介詞,如at,in,for,from,to,of,on,with,until,about,by,since,as,around等。
2.考查常用介詞或介詞短語含義和用法的辨識能力。尤其是在一定的語言環(huán)境中,辨析意義相同或相近以及使用范圍不同的介詞或介詞短語。
3.考查介詞與某些名詞、形容詞或動詞的各種搭配形式。特別是那些搭配繁多、用法靈活的介詞,不同的搭配可用來表示種種不同的意義。
熱點例析
考點一:表示時間的介詞
1.in,on,at,over
(1)in表示在一段時間之內(nèi)。通常時間較長,如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如:
in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in one's thirties等。
(2)on表示具體的某一天及其早、中、晚。如:
on May 1st,on Monday,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning等。
(3)at表示在一個時間點上。指某一時刻或較短暫的時間,也泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。如:
at 3:20,at this time of year,at Christmas,at night,at this moment等。
(4)over后面接一段時間,表示“超過……”或“在……期間”。 如:
David Crum,the CEO of Geldart Software,announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.
(5)在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如:
He went to Japan last year.
We meet every day.
2.in,after
(1)“in+一段時間”表示將來的一段時間之后。如:
My mother will come back in three or four days.
(2)“after+一段時間”表示過去的一段時間之后。如:
He arrived after five months.
(3)“after+具體時間”表示將來或過去的某一時刻之后。如:
She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.
The rain began to fall after seven.
3.from,since,for
(1)from后接具體時間,說明從什么時候開始,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久。如:
I hope to do morning exercises from today.
(2)since后接具體過去時間,表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻,通常與完成時連用。如:
We have not seen each other since 2010.
(3)for后接一段時間,通常與完成時連用。如:
I have been working here for ten years.
【典例分析】He invited me to a dance after the show ______ Christmas Eve.
A.a(chǎn)t
B.on
C.in
D.by
答案為B項。具體的日期前介詞應(yīng)用on。
They had a pleasant chat ______ a cup of coffee.
A.for
B.with
C.during
D.over
答案為D項。for和during都有“在……期間”之意,但后面通常接時間;with意為“隨著,用”;over意為“在(做)……期間,邊……邊……”。句意:他們邊喝咖啡邊進(jìn)行了友好的交談。
考點二:表示地點方位的介詞
1.a(chǎn)t,in,on,to
(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁邊”。 如:
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范圍之內(nèi)”。 如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Shandong lies in the east of China.
(3)on表示毗鄰或接壤。如:
Russia lies on the north of China.
(4)to表示“在……范圍外”,不強調(diào)是否接壤。如:
Japan is to the east of China.
2.a(chǎn)bove,over,on
(1)above意為“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不強調(diào)是否垂直,與 below相對。如:
The bird is flying above my head.
(2)over意為“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,與under相對。over強調(diào)與物體有一定的空間,不直接接觸。如:
There is a bridge over the river.
(3)on意為“在……之上”,表示在某物體上面并與之接觸。如:
He put his watch on the desk.
3.below,under
(1)below表示“在……之下”,不一定在正下方。如:
Please write your name below the line.
(2)under表示“在……正下方”。 如:
There is a cat under the table.
【典例分析】(2011·天津高考)He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects.
A.below
B.of
C.on
D.a(chǎn)bove
答案為D項。句意:他是一個好學(xué)生,大多數(shù)科目得分高于平均水平。above average意為“高于平均數(shù)”;below average意為“低于平均數(shù)”;on average意為“平均起來,一般說來”。
考點三:表示運動方向的介詞
1.a(chǎn)cross,through
(1)across表示從物體表面穿過,與on有關(guān)。如:
across the playground/square/desert/river
(2)over表示動作是在空中進(jìn)行的。如:
He jumped over the wall.
(3)through表示從物體里面穿過,與in有關(guān)。也可表示時間,指“(從開始到結(jié)束)經(jīng)歷了……”。如:
through the pipe/forest/door
We work hard all through the year.
2.in,into
(1)in通常表示靜態(tài),意為“在……里面”。如:
We walked in the park.我們在公園里走著。
(2)into通常表示動態(tài),意為“進(jìn)入到……里面”。如:
We walked into the park.
我們走進(jìn)了公園。
【典例分析】(2011·上海高考)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A.through
B.up
C.with
D.from
答案為A項。句意:畢業(yè)時是感謝那些曾經(jīng)幫助過你經(jīng)歷艱難歲月的人們的好時候。through表示經(jīng)歷一段時間。
考點四:表示原因的介詞
1.for表示原因時,常與sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等詞連用。如:
I am sorry for what I said to you.
2.a(chǎn)t表示引起某種情感變化的原因,常與表示看、聽或喜、怒、吃驚的過去分詞或形容詞連用,意為“因聽到或看到……而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news.
3.from常接抽象名詞表示自然、間接或外在的原因,如受傷、車禍等。如:
He died from the wound.
4.of多用于表示自身或內(nèi)在的原因,如病、餓等。如:
The old man died of hunger.
5.with指生理上或情感上由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。如:
Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.
He was shaking with anger.
6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。如:
She took your umbrella by mistake.她錯拿了你的雨傘。
7.over 一般用于 cry,weep,laugh 等帶有感情色彩的動詞后,表示所發(fā)生的事情的原因。如:
She wept over the death of her daughter.
We laughed over the victory.
8.because of 表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of his illness.
9.thanks to表示引起某種幸運結(jié)果的原因,常意為“幸虧……,多虧……”。如:
Thanks to John,we won the game.
【典例分析】When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has won the final,we sang and danced ______ joy.
A.to
B.with
C.a(chǎn)t
D.of
答案為B項。該題應(yīng)用with表示由于高興而又唱又跳。with表示原因時,一般指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部的原因。
(2024·河北保定高三調(diào)研)—How about your trip to Italy?
—Oh,______ the fine weather,we enjoyed ourselves indeed.
A.but for
B.thanks to
C.in spite of
D.because of
答案為B項。句意:——你到意大利的旅行怎么樣? ——哦,幸虧天氣好,我們玩得很愉快。B項意為“幸虧,由于”,符合句意。but for表示“要不是……”;in spite of表示“盡管……”;because of表示“因為……”,都與句意不符。
考點五:表示計量的介詞
1.a(chǎn)t表示“以……速度;以……價格”。如:
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.
I sold my car at a high price.
2.for表示“用……交換;以……為代價”。如:
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
注意:at表示單價,for表示總錢數(shù)。
3.by表示“以……計”,后跟度量單位。如:
They paid him by the month.
注意:by后接具體度量單位要加the。
【典例分析】He thought the jar made of earth ______ little value and let me have it ______ only one dollar.
A.with;for
B.of;for
C.of;by
D.with;by
答案為B項。第一個空應(yīng)用of,of little value/importance/use意為“沒大有價值、重要性、用處”;第二個空應(yīng)用for,表示“以一美元為代價,用一美元交換”。
考點六:表示工具或手段的介詞
1.by意為“用某種方式”,后面的名詞不帶冠詞。如:
I went there by bus.
2.with表示“用某種工具”,后面的名詞需帶冠詞。如:
He broke the window with a stone.
3.in表示“用”時,后面的賓語不帶冠詞,且多為鉛筆、墨水、顏色、語言等。如:
I hate letters written in pencil.
We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.
4.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定詞組。如:
They talked on the telephone.
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
【典例分析】The form is very important.Please fill in the form ______ ink not ______ a pencil,Jack.
A.in;by
B.with;in
C.in;with
D.by;in
答案為C項。第一個空應(yīng)用in表示“用墨水”;第二個空應(yīng)用with表示“用……工具”,后面的名詞帶有冠詞。
考點七:表示“在……之間”的介詞
1.between表示在兩者之間。如:
You are to sit between your father and me.
2.a(chǎn)mong表示在三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is always happy among his classmates.
3.有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西,但強調(diào)多者中的兩兩關(guān)系時用between。如:
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.
Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.
【典例分析】Four Chinese models were ______ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
A.a(chǎn)mong
B.between
C.a(chǎn)long
D.beside
答案為A項。Four Chinese models是部分,the 14 people是整體,所以用among表示部分與整體之間的關(guān)系,意為“在……之中”。
考點八:表示“除了”的介詞
1.besides表示“除……之外,還有……”。如:
We all went to see the film besides you.
除你之外我們也都去看電影了。
2.except表示“除……外,把……除去”。 如:
We all went to see the film except you.
除你之外我們都去看電影了。
3.but與except同義,但多用于不定代詞no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副詞nowhere/anywhere以及疑問代詞who之后。如:
No one but you was late.
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
4.except for表示“如無……就……,只是……”,多表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如:
His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
5.except that表示“除……外,把……除去”,后面接句子。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.
6.a(chǎn)part from在不同的上下文中,既有besides的含義,又有except和except for的含義,要根據(jù)上下文來判別。如:
Apart from/Besides English,he has a good command of Russian and French.
He has no interests,apart from/except his work.
It's a good paper,apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.
【典例分析】Some people choose jobs for other reasons ______ money these days.
A.for