2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(安徽版)專題十特殊句式和交際用語
2024年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語安徽版 十、特殊句式和交際用語
真題試做
1.(2024·課標(biāo)全國高考)—Which one of these do you want?
—______.Either will do.
A.I don't mind
B.I'm sure
C.No problem
D.Go ahead
2.(2024·天津高考)— Can I have a day off tomorrow,Mr. Johnson?
— ______.I can manage without you.
A.Forget it
B.I'm afraid not
C.It depends
D.Of course
3.(2024·天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ______ the spelling mistake.
A.did she notice
B.she noticed
C.does she notice
D.she has noticed
4.(2024·上海高考)Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.
A.managed she
B.she managed
C.did she manage
D.she did manage
5.(2024·上海高考)—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?
—No,it was by improving work efficiency.
A.when
B.what
C.how
D.that
考向分析
從近幾年高考試題來看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法,交際用語主要考查語境和英語思維習(xí)慣。命題的著重點(diǎn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:
1.考查倒裝句式,特別注意以下三種情況:
(1)含有否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí),部分倒裝。
(2)only位于句首修飾狀語等,部分倒裝。
(3)so / such...that句型中,so / such位于句首時(shí),后面的主句倒裝,that從句不倒裝。
2.考查省略句的構(gòu)成,尤其是以下四種情況:
(1)省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分。
(2)狀語從句省略為“連詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞”形式,務(wù)必要明確句子主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系以及非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語的時(shí)間關(guān)系。
(3)不定式的省略。
(4)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。
3.考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成和強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語的方法。近幾年高考更加注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象,加大了綜合考查語法知識(shí)的力度,以下幾個(gè)方面要引起高度重視:
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式的構(gòu)成。
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型的特殊構(gòu)成方式。
(3)把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句、省略句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句的考查等融合到一起考查學(xué)生綜合把握語法知識(shí)的能力。
4.考查習(xí)慣應(yīng)答類交際用語。考查的方式以應(yīng)答為主、提問為輔,側(cè)重考查上下句在語氣上的和諧一致以及考生的英語思維意識(shí)。要求考生掌握一些常見的諸如打電話、問路、購物等交際話題的固定套語,以及表示感謝、道歉、請(qǐng)求等的應(yīng)答用語。
5.考查語言結(jié)構(gòu)類交際用語。常以習(xí)慣用法和變異句(如省略句)的方式呈現(xiàn),側(cè)重考查考生的識(shí)記能力和知識(shí)積累。要求考生依據(jù)對(duì)話情景和所掌握的正確交際用語來作出選擇。
熱點(diǎn)例析
考點(diǎn)一:倒裝句
1.全部倒裝常見的情況:
(1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副詞置于句首,句子主語又是名詞時(shí),須用全部倒裝語序。如:
Here is a letter for you.
Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy.
句子主語是代詞時(shí),不用倒裝語序。如:
Here she comes.
Out they rushed.
(2)有的句子為了保持前后平衡、使上下文緊密銜接,或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)生動(dòng),或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語,常采用全部倒裝語序。如:
Present at the meeting will be the person who thinks up an idea for this programme.
(3)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí),須用全部倒裝語序。如:
In front of his house sat a small boy.
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面的情況也適用于另一者時(shí),須用全部倒裝語序。如:
He is a doctor.So is his wife.
I have never been there,and neither has he.
so位于句首,但表示對(duì)前面所說情況的認(rèn)同和強(qiáng)調(diào)、前后主語一致時(shí),不用倒裝,這時(shí) so意為“的確,確實(shí),真的”。如:
— He can speak English.
— So he can.
【典例分析】(2024·四川高考)This is not my story,nor______the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A.is there
B.there is
C.is it
D.it is
答案為C項(xiàng)。句意:這不是我的故事,也不是整個(gè)故事。我的故事結(jié)局是不同的。nor位于句首時(shí),應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。該句主語應(yīng)該是it,故選C項(xiàng)。
(2010·重慶高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______,one of the ten largest cities in China.
A.lies Chongqing
B.Chongqing lies
C.does lie Chongqing
D.does Chongqing lie
答案為A項(xiàng)。表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、介詞短語等位于句首作狀語時(shí),句子應(yīng)用全部倒裝,故選A項(xiàng)。
2.部分倒裝常見的情況:
(1)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞never / not / nowhere / little / seldom / hardly / not only / no sooner等置于句首時(shí),須用部分倒裝語序。如:
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
(2)only置于句首,修飾狀語時(shí),須用部分倒裝語序。如:
Only in this way can you learn English well.
(3)as意為“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),把表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提前,并且作表語的名詞提前時(shí),不能帶有冠詞。如:
Pretty as she is,she is not clever.
Try as he would,he might fail again.
(4)表示“如此……以至于……”的so/such...that...句型,為強(qiáng)調(diào)而把so/such...置于句首時(shí),須用部分倒裝語序。如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.
【典例分析】(2024·遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A.he had considered
B.had he considered
C.he considered
D.did he consider
答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:直到他三年前從教學(xué)崗位上退休,他才考慮去國外度假。否定意義的副詞置于句首時(shí),句子要采用部分倒裝語序,且根據(jù)retired判斷應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故D項(xiàng)正確。
(2024·陜西高考)Hot ______ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A.a(chǎn)lthough
B.a(chǎn)s
C.while
D.however
答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:盡管晚上天氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因?yàn)榻?jīng)過長時(shí)間的旅行之后我們太累了。as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)需用倒裝,其形式是將作表語的形容詞或名詞置于句首。
考點(diǎn)二:省略句
1.不定式的省略。某些動(dòng)詞后面可省略作賓語的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞have時(shí),be和have也應(yīng)保留。如:
He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).
— Are you an engineer?
— No,but I want to be (an engineer).
— He hasn't finished the task yet.
— Well,he ought to have (finished the task).
2.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí),從句主語可以省略,同時(shí)將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。如果主語與從句謂語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞。如:
While waiting / he was waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
If not / he is not invited,he won't go to your birthday party.
3.在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it,其后動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),可省去“主語+be” 部分。如:
When (he was)still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night.
If (it is)necessary,I'll explain it to you again.
4.表示“除了”的介詞but前若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do/does/did/done,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如:
I could do nothing but wait there.
介詞but前若沒有動(dòng)詞do及其變化形式,后面的不定式帶to。如:
We had no choice but to obey the rules.
【典例分析】(2010·全國高考)Though ______ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprising
B.was surprised
C.surprised
D.being surprised
答案為C項(xiàng)。所選詞的邏輯主語是the professor,故用surprised表示“驚訝的”。surprising意為“令人驚訝的”,不合句意。此處Though surprised to see us是狀語從句Though he was surprised to see us的省略。
(2009·江蘇高考)—What's the matter with Della?
—Well,her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party,but she still ______.
A.hopes to
B.hopes so
C.hopes not
D.hopes for
答案為A項(xiàng)。hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”,根據(jù)語境判斷此處是hopes to allow her to go to the party的省略。B項(xiàng)表示“她仍然希望這樣(父母不允許她去參加聚會(huì))”,顯然不合語境。
考點(diǎn)三:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
1.構(gòu)成形式:it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who/whom...
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語或狀語。該句型的主語總是無意義的it,不可換用this或that。無論強(qiáng)調(diào)什么,引導(dǎo)詞都可用that,強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可用who / whom,不可使用其他引導(dǎo)詞。如:
It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
When and where was it that you were born?
3.not until置于句首時(shí)須用倒裝語序。強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型的時(shí)間狀語時(shí),要把not與until連在一起。如:
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
4.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)同被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如:
It is I who am responsible for the accident.
5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的謂語。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),要借助于助動(dòng)詞do / does / did,表示“確實(shí),真的,務(wù)必”之意。如:
Do sit down.
He does work very hard.
He did write to you last week.
【典例分析】(2024·湖南高考)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who
B.that
C.where
D.before
答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:直到來到此地我才意識(shí)到此處出名的不僅是它的美景而且還有這里的天氣。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的方法是將it is/was...that去掉時(shí)句式是否完整。不難看出此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語,故B項(xiàng)正確。
(2024·重慶高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when
B.that
C.a(chǎn)fter
D.since
答案為B項(xiàng)。該題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic,故用that來引導(dǎo)。句意:在哥倫布橫渡大西洋80年前,鄭和就已經(jīng)航海到達(dá)了東非。
(2010·四川高考)If you have a job,______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A.do devote
B.don't devote
C.devoting
D.not devoting
答案為A項(xiàng)。分析語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知,if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句,后面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)主句,所以首先排除非謂語動(dòng)詞的C、D項(xiàng);再根據(jù)后面句意“最后你會(huì)成功的”可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。do在肯定句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào),用來加強(qiáng)語氣,意思是“務(wù)必,千萬,確實(shí)”。
考點(diǎn)四:反意疑問句
構(gòu)成形式:“肯定句+否定疑問句”或“否定句+肯定疑問句”
1.前面若有多個(gè)句子并列,則以最后一個(gè)句子為準(zhǔn);若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句,一般來說,以主句為準(zhǔn);但若主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等,主語又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時(shí),反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn),而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times,so he should have been in China now,shouldn't he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn't he?
I don't think he is bright,is he?
2.前面句子含有must/can't/may等表示推測(cè)的詞時(shí),疑問部分則依據(jù)句子的實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語而定。
He must be a doctor,isn't he?
He must have finished it yesterday,didn't he?
3.前面部分有否定意義的no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等詞時(shí),后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí),后面部分還是用否定形式。
Some plants never blossom,do they?
It is impossible,isn't it?
【典例分析】(2011·上海高考)It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party,______?
A.doesn't it
B.does it
C.don't they
D.do they
答案為B項(xiàng)。復(fù)合句的反義疑問句的構(gòu)成原則就是與主句保持一致,該題主句部分為否定,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:他們是否來參加你的聚會(huì)沒有關(guān)系,是嗎?
(2024·江蘇高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,______?
A.is there
B.isn't there
C.is he
D.isn't he
答案為A項(xiàng)。一般來說,復(fù)合句后面的反意疑問句應(yīng)根據(jù)主句構(gòu)成,可排除C、D項(xiàng);該題主句中有否定意義的little,所以反問時(shí)用肯定形式,答案為A項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)五:社會(huì)交往類交際用語
1.介紹:
This is...