2024年高考英語語法考點（單項選擇）歸納八、情態動詞和虛擬語氣 情態動詞

　　2024高考英語考點語法單選超級歸納：

　　八、情態動詞和虛擬語氣 情態動詞

　　I.情態動詞基本用法

　　情態動詞 用

　　法 否定式 疑問式 簡答式

　　can 能力（體力，智力，技能）

　　允許或許可（口語中常用）

　　可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can.

　　No,…can’t.

　　could

　　couldn’t do

　　may 可以（問句中表示請求）

　　可能，或許（表推測）

　　祝愿（用于倒裝句中） may not do

　　May…do…?

　　Yes,…may.

　　No,…mustn’t/can’t.

　　might

　　might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might

　　No,…might not.

　　must 必須，應該（表主觀要求）

　　肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…?

　　to. Yes,…must.

　　No,…needn’t/don’t have

　　have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態和人稱的變化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do.

　　No,…don’t.

　　ought to 應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should） ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought.

　　No,…oughtn’t.

　　shall 用于一三人稱征求對方意見

　　用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall.

　　No,…shan’t.

　　should 應當，應該（表義務責任）

　　本該（含有責備意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…?

　　will 意愿，決心

　　請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will/Would…do…? Yes,…will.

　　No,…won’t.

　　would

　　would not/wouldn’t do

　　dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare.

　　No,…daren’t.

　　need 需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.

　　used to 過去常常（現在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do

　　didn’t use to do Used…to do…?

　　Did…use to do…? Yes,…used.

　　No,…use(d)n’t.

　　Yes,…did.

　　No,…didn’t.

　　II.情態動詞的表示“能力、許可”的canmay 表示能力的情態動詞用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.

　　A.can’t

　　B.mustn’t

　　C.may not

　　D.might not

　　表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）—Could I call you

　　by your first name?

　　—Yes, you______

　　A.will

　　B.could

　　C.may

　　D.might

　　②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.

　　A.won’t/can’t

　　B.mustn’t/may

　　C.shouldn’t/must

　　D.can’t/shouldn’t

　　在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

　　everyone_____get out.

　　A.had to

　　B.would

　　C.could

　　D.was able to

　　表示“推斷、判斷”的may,must 在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

　　A.must

　　B.may

　　C.can

　　D.will

　　而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.

　　在否定句中只能用can和may。can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.

　　A.needn’t

　　B.can’t

　　C.should

　　D.may

　　在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和mustHe may be very busy now.

　　Can he be very busy now?

　　He must be very busy now.

　　Can he be very busy now?

　　need need作為情態動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句 dare dare作為情態動詞用時有兩形式：dare和dared兩個詞形除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中If he dare come,I will kick him out.

　　I don’t know whether he

　　dare say.

　　注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）

　　Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）

　　shall 用于第一人稱征求對方的意見What shall we do this evening?

　　用于第二、三人稱警告、命令、允諾、威脅You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告

　　He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾

　　He shall be punished.威脅

　　should 勸告、建議、命令應該做、道義上的責任You should(ought to) go to class right away.

　　I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.

　　will/would 請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣Would you pass me the book?

　　表示意志、愿望和決心I will never do that again.

　　They asked us if we would do that again

　　would可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向During the vacation he would visit me every week

　　The wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）

　　would表示估計或猜想It would be about ten when he left home.

　　What would she be doing there?

　　情態動詞+ could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.

　　cannot+ have done：表示對行為的否定推測He cannot have been to that town.

　　can+主語+：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定 Can he have got the book?

　　might(may)+ have done：對過去發生的行為不太肯定的推測He may not have finished the work.

　　If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

　　must+ have done：對過去發生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film.

　　You cannot have seen the film.

　　needn’t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.

　　注意：didn’t need to(have to)do沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做

　　I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.

　　should(ought to)+：本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發生卻發生了You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.

　　She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,

　　for I worked to use it.

　　注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推測）

　　If引導的

　　條件從句 與現在事實相反 從句動詞：過去式（be用were）

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+do If he were here, he would help us.

　　與過去事實相反 從句動詞：had+done

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+done If I had been free,I would have visited you.

　　與將來事實相反 從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.

　　省略if的虛擬條件句 將虛擬條件從句中were，hadshould放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.

　　②Were I you,I would not do it.

　　③Had I been free,I would have visited you.

　　混合虛擬條件句 不同時間的虛擬If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.

　　②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.

　　③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

　　虛擬與陳述的混合He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.

　　②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.

　　含蓄條件句ut for+名詞’re friends.

　　A. would get

　　B. must have got

　　C. would have got

　　D. can’t have got

　　without+名詞Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

　　動詞不定式It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。

　　現在分詞

　　Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。

　　過去分詞

　　Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。

　　副詞otherwise

　　I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了

　　連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件

　　He _____fatter but he eats too little .

　　A. would become

　　B. would have become

　　C. must become

　　D. must have become

　　其它

　　狀語從句 as if/as though引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。

　　注意：as if/as though引導的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：

　　當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時：

　　It sounds as if it is raining．聽起來像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。 ①與現在事實相反

　　He talks as if he knew where she was．

　　②與過去事實相反

　　He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.

　　③與將來事實相反

　　He opened his mouth as if he would say something.

　　in order that/so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.

　　賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+do He suggested that we not change our mind.

　　wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現在，過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.

　　I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.

　　主語從句 在It is necessary / important / strange that…

　　It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，

　　謂語動詞用should+do It is strange that such a person should be our friends.

　　其它

　　句型中 It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+do It’s high time that we left/should leave.

　　would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now.

　　If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true!

　　2024高考英語考點語法單選超級歸納：

　　八、情態動詞和虛擬語氣 情態動詞

　　I.情態動詞基本用法

　　情態動詞 用

　　法 否定式 疑問式 簡答式

　　can 能力（體力，智力，技能）

　　允許或許可（口語中常用）

　　可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can.

　　No,…can’t.

　　could

　　couldn’t do

　　may 可以（問句中表示請求）

　　可能，或許（表推測）

　　祝愿（用于倒裝句中） may not do

　　May…do…?

　　Yes,…may.

　　No,…mustn’t/can’t.

　　might

　　might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might

　　No,…might not.

　　must 必須，應該（表主觀要求）

　　肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…?

　　to. Yes,…must.

　　No,…needn’t/don’t have

　　have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態和人稱的變化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do.

　　No,…don’t.

　　ought to 應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should） ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought.

　　No,…oughtn’t.

　　shall 用于一三人稱征求對方意見

　　用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall.

　　No,…shan’t.

　　should 應當，應該（表義務責任）

　　本該（含有責備意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…?

　　will 意愿，決心

　　請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will/Would…do…? Yes,…will.

　　No,…won’t.

　　would

　　would not/wouldn’t do

　　dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare.

　　No,…daren’t.

　　need 需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.

　　used to 過去常常（現在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do

　　didn’t use to do Used…to do…?

　　Did…use to do…? Yes,…used.

　　No,…use(d)n’t.

　　Yes,…did.

　　No,…didn’t.

　　II.情態動詞的表示“能力、許可”的canmay 表示能力的情態動詞用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.

　　A.can’t

　　B.mustn’t

　　C.may not

　　D.might not

　　表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）—Could I call you

　　by your first name?

　　—Yes, you______

　　A.will

　　B.could

　　C.may

　　D.might

　　②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.

　　A.won’t/can’t

　　B.mustn’t/may

　　C.shouldn’t/must

　　D.can’t/shouldn’t

　　在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

　　everyone_____get out.

　　A.had to

　　B.would

　　C.could

　　D.was able to

　　表示“推斷、判斷”的may,must 在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

　　A.must

　　B.may

　　C.can

　　D.will

　　而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.

　　在否定句中只能用can和may。can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.

　　A.needn’t

　　B.can’t

　　C.should

　　D.may

　　在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和mustHe may be very busy now.

　　Can he be very busy now?

　　He must be very busy now.

　　Can he be very busy now?

　　need need作為情態動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句 dare dare作為情態動詞用時有兩形式：dare和dared兩個詞形除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中If he dare come,I will kick him out.

　　I don’t know whether he

　　dare say.

　　注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）

　　Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）

　　shall 用于第一人稱征求對方的意見What shall we do this evening?

　　用于第二、三人稱警告、命令、允諾、威脅You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告

　　He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾

　　He shall be punished.威脅

　　should 勸告、建議、命令應該做、道義上的責任You should(ought to) go to class right away.

　　I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.

　　will/would 請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣Would you pass me the book?

　　表示意志、愿望和決心I will never do that again.

　　They asked us if we would do that again

　　would可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向During the vacation he would visit me every week

　　The wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）

　　would表示估計或猜想It would be about ten when he left home.

　　What would she be doing there?

　　情態動詞+ could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.

　　cannot+ have done：表示對行為的否定推測He cannot have been to that town.

　　can+主語+：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定 Can he have got the book?

　　might(may)+ have done：對過去發生的行為不太肯定的推測He may not have finished the work.

　　If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

　　must+ have done：對過去發生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film.

　　You cannot have seen the film.

　　needn’t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.

　　注意：didn’t need to(have to)do沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做

　　I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.

　　should(ought to)+：本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發生卻發生了You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.

　　She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,

　　for I worked to use it.

　　注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推測）

　　If引導的

　　條件從句 與現在事實相反 從句動詞：過去式（be用were）

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+do If he were here, he would help us.

　　與過去事實相反 從句動詞：had+done

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+done If I had been free,I would have visited you.

　　與將來事實相反 從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do

　　主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.

　　省略if的虛擬條件句 將虛擬條件從句中were，hadshould放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.

　　②Were I you,I would not do it.

　　③Had I been free,I would have visited you.

　　混合虛擬條件句 不同時間的虛擬If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.

　　②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.

　　③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

　　虛擬與陳述的混合He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.

　　②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.

　　含蓄條件句ut for+名詞’re friends.

　　A. would get

　　B. must have got

　　C. would have got

　　D. can’t have got

　　without+名詞Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

　　動詞不定式It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。

　　現在分詞

　　Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。

　　過去分詞

　　Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。

　　副詞otherwise

　　I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了

　　連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件

　　He _____fatter but he eats too little .

　　A. would become

　　B. would have become

　　C. must become

　　D. must have become

　　其它

　　狀語從句 as if/as though引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。

　　注意：as if/as though引導的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：

　　當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時：

　　It sounds as if it is raining．聽起來像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。 ①與現在事實相反

　　He talks as if he knew where she was．

　　②與過去事實相反

　　He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.

　　③與將來事實相反

　　He opened his mouth as if he would say something.

　　in order that/so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.

　　賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+do He suggested that we not change our mind.

　　wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現在，過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.

　　I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.

　　主語從句 在It is necessary / important / strange that…

　　It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，

　　謂語動詞用should+do It is strange that such a person should be our friends.

　　其它

　　句型中 It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+do It’s high time that we left/should leave.

　　would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now.

　　If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true!