2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練：7 時態與語態
課程標準要求中學生掌握常見的十種時態用法。近三年來各地試題考查最多的是一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、現在完成進行時和現在完成時。高考中動詞時態命題，每年每份試卷中都有2～3個小題，每小題均設置明確的語境。一般來說，命題人總是把易混淆或相近的時態放在一起，增加考題的難度。而被動語態的考點大都集中在被動語態的時態，近三年來考查最多的時態是現在完成時，其次是一般過去時。1．(2024·福建，26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A．took
B．is taking
C．takes
D．has been taking
2．(2024·北京，28)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________ us.
A．expect
B．are expecting
C．have expected
D．will expect
3．(2024·北京，32)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ________ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A．interview
B．are interviewing
C．are interviewed
D．are being interviewed
4．(2024·湖南，22)“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh, I________president，”said the boy, with a smile.
A．have been
B．am
C．was
D．will be
5．(2024·湖南，26)If nothing________，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A．does
B．had been done
C．will do
D．is done
6．(2024·湖南，34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry.But I________my homework.
A．had done
B．was doing
C．would do
D．am doing
7．(2024·江蘇，21)Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
8．(2024·江蘇，25)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I________a report at home.
A．will be writing
B．will have written
C．have written
D．have been writing
9．(2024·山東，27)—Oh no! We're too late.The train________.
— That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
A．was leaving
B．had left
C．has left
D．has been leaving
10．(2024·遼寧，22)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he________it for a very long time.A.has had
B．had had
C．has
D．had
【例1】 “Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step ________.”A．has shown
B．is showing
C．shows
D．showed
【例2】 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A．suggest
B．suggests
C．suggested
D．suggesting
答案 B
1．經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語如every...，sometimes，at...等連用。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2．客觀真理、客觀存在、科學事實或格言警句，若出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.(客觀真理)
3．一般現在時表將來
下列動詞：come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般現在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
4．if條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時表將來。
I won't go there， if it rains tomorrow.
【例3】 The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer.
A．travelled
B．have travelled
C．had travelled
D．travel
【例4】 When I got on the bus，I ________ I had left my wallet at home.
A．was realizing
B．realized
C．have realized
D．would realize
【特別提醒】
1．一般過去時也可與since和for引導的時間狀語連用。例如：
I ________ in London for many years，but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A．lived
B．was living
C．have lived
D．had lived
2．一般過去時還可與today，this week，this month，this year等時間狀語連用，但這些時間狀語顯然是指不包括“現在”在內的過去時間。例如： Did you see her today？你今天見到她了嗎？
3．如果since從句的謂語動詞是靜態動詞，則表示動作或狀態已結束，不再持續下去。例如：
It's two weeks since he was ill.他病愈已有兩周了。
It's a long time since she lived here.
她好久不在這里住了。
【例5】 —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.
A．didn't；am going to
B．don't；would
C．don't；will
D．didn't；will
【例6】 Close the door of fear behind you，and you ________ the door of faith open before you.
A．saw
B．have seen
C．will see
D．are seeing
一般將來時的用法
(1)表示將要發生的動作和存在的狀態；
(2)表示對將來的看法、假定或推測；
(3)常用在與時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句連用的主句中。 (4)“will＋do”表示從現在來看以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態，指事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水魚將會死。
(5)“be going to＋動詞原形”多用于口語中，表示“打算或計劃要做某事”。此外，還可以表示說話人根據已有的事實或跡象，對未來進行推斷。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他們打算在校門口見面。
(6)有些動詞例如：go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等，其一般現在時、現在進行時都可以表示按計劃或安排將要發生的動作或狀態。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
星期天我要去西藏。
【例7】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________ for us.
A．will wait
B．wait
C．have waited
D．are waiting
【例8】 “The moment ________ soon”，he thought to himself，waiting nervously. A．came
B．has come
C．was coming
D．is coming
現在進行時的用法
(1)表示說話時正在發生的動作；
(2)表示現階段正在進行的動作；
(3)表示近期特定的安排或計劃；
(4)go，come等表示起止動作的動詞可用進行時代替將來時。
(5)常與always，often等頻度副詞連用，表示某種感情色彩。如：
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)事物作主語時，多用一般現在時表示按計劃安排的活動；人作主語時，多用現在進行時表示計劃要做的事。試比較：
The train leaves at 10 p．m.火車晚上10點開。
I am leaving tonight.我今天晚上要走了。
注意，下列動詞不能用于進行時：
感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等；
情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等；
思想類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand，agree, know等；
其他類：have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。
【例9】 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading，only to be told that it ________.
A．was decorated
B．had decorated
C．had been decorating
D．was being decorated
【例10】 —When did the computer crash?
—This morning，while I ________ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A．have sorted
B．was sorting
C．am sorting
D．had sorted
過去時行時的用法
(1)表示過去某時正在進行的動作(不強調是否完成)；
(2)表示某動作在過去某時間段內發生或經常發生；
(3)在口語中，有時用過去進行時表示現在的想法，語氣顯得委婉。如：I was wondering if you could do me a favour.不知你能否幫我一個忙；
(4)與一般過去時的區別：
a．一般過去時強調動作已完成；而過去進行時強調動作正在進行(未必完成)。
b．一般過去時的謂語動詞既可以延續性的，也可是終止性的；而過去進行時的謂語只能是延續性的。如：
His brother joined in the army in 1992.他哥哥于1992年參軍。(join為終止性動詞)。
My mother was cooking when I got home.我到家時我母親正在做飯。(cook為延續性動詞)。
現在完成進行時
【例11】 In order to find the missing child，villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.
A．did
B．do
C．had done
D．have been doing
【例12】 Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.
A．works
B．worked
C．has been working
D．had been working
現在完成進行時的用法
(1)表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，并且現在還在進行。如：
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以來我一直在學英語。(現在還在學)
The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人們建造這座橋已經5個月了。(現在還在建)
(2)表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，在說話時剛剛結束。如：
Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.你剛才去了哪里？我們一直在到處找你。
將來進行時【例13】 I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I ________ to Shanghai.
A．will be flying
B．will fly
C．have been flying
D．have flown
【例14】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat
B．would eat
C．have eaten
D．will be eating
將來進行時的用法
(1)表示在將來某一時間正在進行的動作。
(2)表示稍后的安排。
(3)表示對將要發生的動作的預測。
(4)將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。這些常見的標志性狀語有：
at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 1：30pm to 4：30pm tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
【例15】 —Look！Somebody ________ the sofa.
—Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A．is cleaning
B．was cleaning
C．has cleaned
D．had cleaned
【例16】 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry，I ________ the piano for years.
A．don't play
B．wasn't playing
C．haven't played
D．hadn't played
1．表示過去的動作對現在造成的結果或影響，常與非延續性動詞連用，常與其連用的詞有already，just，never等。如：
His brother has joined the Party already.他的兄弟已經入黨了。
2．表示從過去某時開始，一直延續到現在的動作或狀態，通常用延續性動詞，常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：
I've taught English for 15 years.我教過15年英語。
Where have you been all these years?
你這些年去哪里了？
3．表示過去的動作對現在來講已成為經歷或經驗。
We've all played with snow and ice.我們都玩過雪和冰。
4．常用現在完成時的句型。
It has been(is)＋一段時間＋since從句。
This(That/It)is the first(second...)time＋that從句。
5．與since連用的句子常用現在完成時，since后常接從句(需用過去時)或表示過去某一時間的短語。
I've lived in this house since I moved here.自從我搬到這，就住在這所房子里。
6．在時間或條件狀語從句中，現在完成時可以代替將來完成時。 【例1】 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son ________ from college.
A．graduated
B．has graduated
C．had been graduating
D．had graduated
【例】 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ________ into the office during the night.
A．broke
B．had broken
C．has broken
D．was breaking
1．過去完成時表示過去某一動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作(即表示“過去的過去”)。時間狀語可用by, before等構成的短語，也可用時間狀語從句或通過上下文的語境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他說他在國外呆了3年。
2．表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續到過去的這一時間，而且還可能繼續下去的動作，常用的時間狀語有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那時為止，他對此仍一無所知。
3．用在It was the first/second/third ...time that ...句型中，that從句的謂語要用過去完成時。
This was the first time they had met in thirty－nine years.這是39年里他們第一次見面。
4．It was＋一段時間＋since從句。since從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。
