2024屆高考英語1輪復習牛津譯林江蘇專版課件：M7 Unit 2《Fit for life》
3．in case引導從句的區別 in case既可引導目的狀語從句，也可引導條件狀語從句，主要視句意而定： In case he comes, let me know.(條件狀語從句) 如果他來，告訴我一聲。 Tell me in case you get into difficulty.(目的狀語從句) 遇到困難請告訴我。 in case引導目的狀語從句，從句有時可用“should＋動詞原形”這樣的形式： Take your coat in case it rains (should rain)． 帶著雨衣以防下雨。 五、條件狀語從句 1．引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 (1)主要的有if, unless, as (so) long as等。 You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現在就可以走了。 As long as it doesn't rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去。 (2)除以上基本的引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外，還有的動詞尤其是其分詞形式(如suppose, supposing, provided, providing等)和介詞短語(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作連詞表示條件。 I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來， 那我就來。 He may go with us provided (providing) he arrives in time.
他若及時到，就可以和我們一起走。 suppose和supposing引導條件狀語從句時，通常用于主句為疑問句的場合： Suppose the boss saw you，what would he say? 如果老板看到你，他會怎樣說？ Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來，是不是不帶他去？ 2．條件狀語從句的時態 當主句為將來時態或具有將來意義時，條件狀語從句通常要用一般現在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態。 六、時間狀語從句(兩個方面) 1．引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多，如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。 Things were different when I was a child. 我小時候情況與現在不同。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。 It's a long time since I met you last. 從上次見到你，已有很長時間了。 除以上基本的引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞外，還有些本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞：
(1) 表示“一……就……”的從屬連詞：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than…， hardly…when…等。 Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來我就把消息告訴了他。 The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒希望了。 We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發就下雨了。 Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。 (2)涉及time的幾個從屬連詞：every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時)，the last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。 Every time I see her I'll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起這事。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。 2．與時間狀語從句有關的時態問題 (1)當主句為將來時態或具有將來意義時，時間狀語從句通常要用一般現在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態。 Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關燈。 I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來我就告訴他。 (2)與since 從句搭配的主句的時態通常是現在完成時態。 He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來，他就一直住在這兒。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了？
注意：在特定的語言環境中有時也可能用過去完成時或一般現在時： It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 Yesterday he told me that he hadn't eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。 1. It was a nice meal, ______ a little expensive. (2011·全國大綱卷)
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since A 許多同學認為此題應該選D，因為since表示原因。其實，此題的正確答案為A。此題考查省略的狀語從句。 2. ______ volleyball is her main focus, she's also great at basketball. (2011·北京)
A. Since
B. Once
C. Unless
D. While
D while位于句首，引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”。 3. He was sentenced to death ________ what he had stolen from the bank.
A. that
B. since
C. because
D. because of
D 許多同學們認為此題應選C，因為關于 because 和 because of 的用法有如下區別規則：because是連詞，其后接句子；而because of是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。此規則并沒錯，只是表述不很準確。一般說來，because 作為從屬連詞，用以引導原因狀語從句時，其后應是一個不含有引導詞的句子，而不能是 what 引導的從句。
另一方面，本題中的 what he had stolen＝the thing(s) that he had stolen，也就是說，這個what-從句從本質上說，它相當于個一名詞(或者更準確地說是一個受定語從句修飾的名詞)，所以此題應選 because of。 There is a possibility that 有一個可能性…… ①There is a he might go back to Seattle.
這是一個可能：他可能回西雅圖了。 ①possibility that ②There is a that he has seen this movie. 他很可能看過這部影片了。 ②high possibility 2、 Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. 阿司匹林不僅證明了在退高燒、阻止疼痛方面很重要，而且還能有其他的作用。 本句是由not only…but also…引導的并列句。not only放在句首時，前一分句要倒裝。 ◆Not only did the dog bark at him, but (it) bit him.
這只狗不但對他吠叫，而且咬了他。 ◆Not only should software keep quiet about its problems, but it should also have the intelligence, confidence, and authority to fix its problems on its own.
軟件不僅應該對自己的事情保持安靜，而且應該是聰明、自信并自主地解決自己的問題。 1. A 考查形容詞的辨析。sharp 明顯的，急劇的； slight 輕微的，稍稍的； natural 自然的，天生的； modest 謙虛的，不過分的。因此選A。句意：現在的孩子們在創造力上有很大的提高，因為他們被極力地鼓勵去發揮他們的天賦。 1. Nowadays, there is a ________ increase in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.(2011·福建)
A. sharp
B. slight
C. natural
D. modest 2. A 考查連詞。whenever 無論何時； however 然而； whichever 任何一個； wherever 無論哪里。關系副詞在后句中充當狀語，根據語境可知是指時間，選A。句意：請打電話給我的秘書安排今天下午的會議，或者在你任何方便的時候也行。 2. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.(2011·江西)
A. whenever
B. however
C. whichever
D. wherever 狀語從句(Ⅱ) 一、讓步狀語從句(三大方面) 1．引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有although, though, even though, even if等。 Although he is poor, he's still happy. 雖然他很窮，他仍然很快樂。 I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失敗， 我也要試一下。 We'll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去。 注意：(1)用when 和while引導讓步狀語從句。不要認為when和while只引導時間狀語從句，其實它們也可引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管”或“雖然”。 She stopped when she ought to have continued. 盡管她應該繼續下去，她卻停住了。 While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。 (2)用whether…or…引導讓步狀語從句： I'll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡，我都要做。 Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否，他都將失敗。 (3)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語從句： He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。 Come whenever you like. 你愛什么時候來就什么時候來。 2．whatever, however 等-ever詞用法說明 這些詞的用法應注意以下幾點： (1)它們均可引導讓步狀語從句，意為“無論……” Whatever you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I'm out. 不管是誰打電話，都說我出去了。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么時候來，我們都歡迎。 Wherever he goes, I'll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。 (2)它們引導讓步狀語從句時，通常可換成no matter… No matter what you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。 No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時候來，我們都歡迎。 No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少， 他都不發胖。 (3)注意however用于以下兩類句型結構： ① however＋主語＋謂語 However you travel, it'll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要3天。 However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來，一定要早來。 ②however＋形容詞或副詞＋主語＋謂語 However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都會去游泳。 有時該結構中的主語和謂語可以有所省略： He was of some help, however small. 他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。 I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管條件多好，我都不接受。 (4)有時從句謂語可用情態動詞 I'll find him, wherever he is (may be).
無論他在哪里，我都要找到他。 Keep calm, whatever happens (may happen).
無論發生什么事都要保持冷靜。 (5)whenever有時可引導時間狀語從句，wherever 有時可引導地點狀語從句 Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次見到他，我們都和他說話。 They teach wherever their pupils are working. 學生在哪里工作，教師就在哪里上課。 3．讓步狀語從句與倒裝 引導倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though，但是不能用although。 Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我雖窮，但這東西還是買得起的。 Much as I like Paris, I couldn't live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 注意：as可以在以上這樣的倒裝結構中引出讓步狀語，但若不倒裝，則不能用as，而與之相反，although在不倒裝的結構中可引導讓步狀語，但在倒裝的結構中卻不可以用。 二、原因狀語從句(四大點) 1．引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)等。 The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。 I can't get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。 Seeing that it's raining, we'd better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨，我們最好待在室內。 Now that you are here, you'd better stay. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧(既來之，則安之)。 2．關于not…because…結構 該結構中的否定詞有時否定主句，有時否定從句，一般要根據句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗號，否則會引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時就有兩種解釋： I didn't go because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因為怕。/ 我不是因為怕才去。 不過若because之前有just修飾，一般認為not 是否定從句的。 You shouldn't get angry just because some people speak ill of you.
你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。 3．because 習慣上不與 so 連用 漢語習慣上說“因為……所以……”，但英語習慣上卻不能將so與because連用： 因為下雨，所以我們待在家里。 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 4．because 從句與 because of 短語的轉換 because引導的原因狀語從句有時可與because of 短語轉換。 He can't come because he is ill. / He can't come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。 I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there. 因為他妻子在那兒，我對此事只字未提。 三、結果狀語從句(五個方面) 1．引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有so that, so…that…， such…that…等。 He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他學習用功，所以考試通過了。 注意：so…that和such…that中的that有時(尤其在口語中)可省略： I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙，連寫信的時間都沒有。 There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn't go out. 雨那么大，我們沒法出去。 2．so…that…與 such…that…的用法比較 從用法上看，so后應接形容詞或副詞，而such后接名詞(參見以上例句)。但有時“so＋形容詞”后還可接一個名詞，且這個名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數可數名詞(不能是復數名詞或不可數名詞)。 正：He is so clever a child that we all like him. 這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。 正：They are such clever children that we all like them. 這些孩子很聰明，我們都很喜歡。 誤：They are so clever children that we all like them. 此時的so…that…結構可與such…that…結構轉換： It's such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣，我們都想看。
It's so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣，我們都想看。
注意：在much, many, little, few這4個詞前總是用so而不用such。 He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了許多跤，結果全身都是傷。 He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family.
他賺的錢很少幾乎不能養家糊口。 3．結果狀語從句與不定式短語的轉換 由so that和so…that引導的結果狀語從句有時可與表結果的so as to和so…as to引出的不定式短語轉換。 He arrived late so that he missed the train.
?He arrived late so as to miss the train.
他到得很遲，結果未趕上火車。 4．so that引導目的狀語和結果狀語的區別 (1)含義上的區別：引導目的狀語從句時表示的是一種意欲或可能性，引導結果狀語從句時表示的是一種事實。 (2)形式上的區別：引導目的狀語從句之前不用逗號(說話時也不停頓)，而結果狀語從句之前則通常有逗號(說話時常有停頓)；有時引導結果狀語從句時其前也可以沒有逗號，此時可看從句中是否有 can / could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情態動詞，如果沒有，則多半是結果狀語從句。 I am going to the lecture early so that I'll get a good seat.
我想早點去聽演講，以便找個好座位。 (so that 引導目的狀語從句) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
我去聽演講去得很早，所以找了個好座位。 (so that 引導結果狀語從句) 另外，so that引導目的狀語從句時有時可放在主句之前，而引導狀語結果從句時卻不能。 正：So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money.
他節省了一大筆錢，以便能買輛新車。(引導目的狀語從句) 誤：So that I could hardly stand, I was tired. (引導結果狀語從句不能置于句首，可改為I was tired so that I could hardly stand. 我很累，幾乎站不穩了。) 5．so…that…和such…that…有時不引導結果狀語從句 so…that…和such…that…可以引導結果狀語從句，但并不是說它們引導的從句就一定是結果狀語從句。請看以下句子： I'm so happy that you could visit us.
我很高興你能來看望我們。 (其中的so用于加強語氣，相當于very) It's such a great pleasure that you are here.
你在這里是非常令人高興的事。 (其中的that引導的是主語從句，句首的it為形式主語) 四、目的狀語從句(三個方面) 1．引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。 Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 講清楚些，以便他們能理解你。 Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關上以防下雨。 注意：so that引導目的狀語從句時有時可省略so而只用that，有時也可只用so。 Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 I'll show you so you can see how it's done. 我將做給你看，以便你知道應怎樣干。 2．目的狀語從句與狀語短語的轉換 為了簡潔起見，當目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時，目的狀語從句有時可用表目的的不定式短語替換。 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便趕上早班車。 He came in quietly in order that he shouldn't wake his wife.
He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他輕輕進來，以免把他妻子吵醒。 有時還可與表示目的的介詞短語替換： He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train.
He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小時離開，以免錯過火車。 Unit 2
Fit for life 1、chew
vt. 咀嚼， 嚼碎， 深思 ◆Many people like to chew mint gum in the summer.
許多人喜歡在夏天嚼薄荷口香糖。
◆You must chew your food well before you swallow it.
食物吞下去之前先要細細咀嚼。
◆I'll chew the problem over for a few days.
這個問題我會仔細思考幾天。
我給你一天的時間來考慮。 I'll give you one day to . chew over 2、 vital adj. 至關重要的，有活力的，生死攸關的 ◆The government saw the introduction of new technology as vital.
政府認為引進新技術至關重要。 ◆The heart is a vital organ.
心臟是維持生命必須的器官。
vital energies 生命力 vital style 生動的文體 a vital wound 致命傷 a vital question 生死攸關的問題 vital part (身體的)要害處 vital information
The samples could give
scientists about long-term changes in the earth's atmosphere.
這些樣品能給科學家提供關于地球大氣長期變化的至關重要的信息。 3、 accelerate v. 加速，提前，跳級 ◆The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.
領先者在其余賽跑者加速時就逐漸失去了優勢。 ◆The car accelerated as it overtook me.
那輛汽車一加速就超過了我。 accelerated our departure The bad weather . 糟糕的天氣促使我們早日離開。 4、 sharp
adj. 鋒利的， 突然的， 靈敏的， 明顯的， 辛辣的 ◆Cats have sharp claws.
貓有鋒利的爪子。 ◆There is a sharp drop in the prices.
價格出現暴跌。 ◆It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.
你注意到了這一點是夠機靈的。 ◆Bring the object into focus if you want a sharp photograph.
要照出清晰的照片，就要把焦點對準物體。 keen, acute, sharp 這些形容詞均有“銳利的、敏銳的、機敏的”之意。 keen 多指對復雜的事物或問題有敏銳的觀察和敏捷的理解。 acute 側重感覺敏銳，能分辨出一般人難以覺察的細微區別。 sharp 指人頭腦精明、敏銳或機警。 sharp We arrived at three (o'clock) . 我們在3點整到達。 1、 try out 試驗，選拔(尤指運動比賽或者角色甄選) ◆The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
