2024屆英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版] 專題11 名詞性從句

　　2024屆英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版]

　　專題11 名詞性從句

　　【備考策略】

　　一、概念

　　在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等, 因此可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主要考查語序問題、連接詞選用、時態的 呼應等

　　Who will win the match is still unknown.

　　I want to know what he has told you.

　　The fact is that we have lost the game.

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　2. 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:

　　從屬連詞： that, whether, if?不充當從句的任何成分

　　連接代詞: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、賓、表、補）

　　連接副詞:

　　when,?where,?how,?why,

　　however, wherever（狀）

　　主語從句的用法

　　一、主語從句在復合句中作主語, 它可

　　以位于句首, 但常見的主語從句多放在

　　句末,句首則用形式主語it。

　　1．That the earth is round is true.

　　= It is true that the earth is round

　　2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.

　　= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

　　注意: 連詞that, whether在從句中不擔任 句子成分,只起連接作用,不能省略

　　(注: if不可用來引導主語從句）

　　When he will go to America is not yet fixed.

　　(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)

　　Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.

　　Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.

　　3.常見的it作形式主語的結構

　　1）It is a fact that he won the match.

　　2）It is necessary that we do study the English.

　　3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

　　4）It seemed that he would come here

　　基本句型結構 常用詞語

　　It is + 名詞 + that從句 ?It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/

　　good news/…that…

　　It is + 形容詞 + that從句 ?It is necessary/strange/important/

　　possible/likely/…that…這類主語從

　　句中,謂語動詞常為(should)+動詞原形

　　It is + 過去分詞 + that從句 ?It is said/reported/decided/known/

　　…that…

　　It + 不及物動詞 + that從句 ?It seemed/happened/doesn’t

　　matter/has turned out/…that

　　二、it 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

　　it 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構, 主語從句的連接詞有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

　　It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

　　It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

　　It is in the morning that the murder took place.

　　It is John that broke the window.

　　賓語從句的用法

　　句子結構：

　　主句 + 連接詞(引導詞) + 賓語從句

　　1.We believe (that) he is honest.

　　2.Do you know what he said just now?

　　3.I don’t remember when we arrived

　　4.Lily wanted to know if /whether her

　　grandma liked the handbag .

　　5.we should think of how we can do more for others

　　在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞之后,賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉移到主句的謂語上。

　　I don’t believe he will go.

　　We don’t expect he is coming.

　　I don’t think he can do it, can he?

　　You /They don’t think he can do it ,do they?

　　在接復合賓語的句子中, 為了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式賓語,將從句放于句尾, 常接復合賓語的動詞有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...

　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

　　I?think?it?a?pity?to?waste?the?food

　　表語從句的用法

　　在復合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句, 引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。

　　That’s what we should do.

　　That’s why I want to see you.

　　The reason for my absence was that I was ill.

　　1. be, seem, look等動詞后均可跟表語從句：

　　My suggestion is that we should go shopping.

　　It seems that it is going to rain

　　2. as if, because 也可引導表語從句。

　　It looks as if it’s going to rain.

　　It was because I got up late.

　　3. 在非正式文體中,引導表語從句的that可以省略。如:

　　The trouble is (that) he is ill

　　注意:在表語從句中,當reason做主語時, 引導詞只能用that,不能用because,如:他遲到的原因是因為他沒有趕上早班車。

　　The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

　　同位語從句的用法

　　在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞

　　fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion,truth , hope , problem, information, belief, doubt, question dream advice, proof decision等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.

　　1.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.

　　2.I have no idea when they will go.

　　3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.

　　名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形,should可省略.

　　同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：

　　The story goes that William Tell killed

　　the king with an arrow.

　　Word came that their team had won

　　九大熱點問題

　　1..同位語從句與定語從句的區別

　　1）.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.

　　2）.The news that is spreading around the airport is

　　that a heavy storm is coming.

　　3）.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.

　　4).The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical

　　同位語從句與定語

　　從句的不同之處

　　從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步

　　說明前面名詞的內容；定語從句用來修飾、

　　限定前面的名詞（相當于一個定語）。

　　e.g. The news that our team has won the final match

　　is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。）

　　The news that you told us is really encouraging.

　　（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內容卻不得而知。）

　　引導從句的關聯詞that的功能不同：that引導同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當任何成分；而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分。

　　e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當任何成分）

　　2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.

　　（that指代promise，又在從句中充當主語。）

　　Choose the best answer

　　2.語序問題（名詞性從句用陳述語序）

　　3.whetherif的區別

　　I. Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow.

　　II. It all depends on whether the sky will clear up.

　　III. The question is whether the film is well worth seeing.

　　IV. Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?

　　V. Whether it is true remains a problem.

　　VI. He doesn’t know whether to stay.

　　A.引導賓語從句，位于及物動詞后

　　B.引導賓語從句，位于介詞后

　　C.引導主語從句，放句首

　　D.引導表語從句，主語從句或同位語從句

　　E. 可與or not 直接連用

　　4.Whatthat的區別（在名詞性從句中）

　　I. I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.

　　II. His mother is satisfied with what he has done.

　　III. That he was able to come made us happy.

　　IV. This is what makes us interested.

　　V. The reason was that Tod had never seen the million-pound note before.

　　? 所引導的從句中是否缺主語、表語或賓語 漢語意義 能否省略

　　What 缺

　　? 什么；所……的

　　東西、事情

　　? 否

　　?

　　that 不缺

　　? 無意義

　　? 賓語從句中能省略

　　?

　　5..that引導名詞性從句的省略情況

　　1)that引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，不能省略。

　　e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

　　2)賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：

　　（A）當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略；I think ,he said,that Tom will come.

　　（B）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(或帶兩個以上賓語從句)，that不能省；

　　（C）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉（很少在介詞后引導賓從，只在except,but ,beside ,in 后才用。介詞后一般用what,whether連接，不用 which， if連接）如： Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 6.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區別。

　　一般說來，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么/無論誰”。

　　7.Where, when, why等連接副詞引導的名詞性從句。

　　Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導名詞性從句，使用的關鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。

　　8.“介詞+who(m)引導的賓語從句”與“介詞+ whom”引導的定語從句的區別。

　　介詞后面的引導詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如：

　　It was a matter of ____ would take the position.

　　A. who

　　B. whoever

　　C. whom

　　D. whomever

　　9疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區別。 ①疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. ③no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。如： No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

　　w考點解析

　　【考點1】名詞性從句中引導詞that與what的使用場合。

　　that 引導名從時，無意義不當句子成分，只是引導詞；而what引導名從時，在從句中要充當主賓表等句子成分，what表“什么…”=all that或sth. that

　　1.The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.

　　A. which B. that C. what D. as

　　2.There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

　　A. that B. which C. until D. if

　　3.The thought of going back home was _____kept him happy while he was working abroad.

　　A.that B.all that C.all what D.which

　　4.You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]

　　A. that; what B. what; /

　　C. which; that

　　D. /; that

　　Tips：定語從句引導詞中，有that沒有what。

　　【考點2】名詞性從句中引導詞whether與if 的用法區別。

　　If 在名從中可以用在：

　　1.引導及物動詞或形容詞后的賓語從句

　　2. 當與or not分開使用時He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.

　　Whether所有名從都可以

　　1 _____ the flight to New York will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about.

　　A. If ; what

　　B. Whether ; that

　　C. When ; that

　　D. Whether ; what

　　【考點3】“(should) + do”

　　在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,常用句型有:

　　（1） It is necessary, (important, natural, strange, etc.) that...

　　（2） It is suggested,(requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...

　　（3）一堅持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，desire, require，request）。

　　（4） 主語是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表 “建議、請求、要求、決定”等意思的詞時,表語從句,同位語中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) + do”。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.

　　1.

　　I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then.

　　A. be sent; was feeling

　　B. was sent; sent

　　C. be sent; feel

　　D. should be sent; should feel

　　【考點4】名詞性從句的語序只能是陳述句語序，賓語從句的時態應該與主句的謂語動詞的時態保持一致。

　　Eg. They are teachers and don’t realize ______ to start and run a company.

　　A. what takes it

　　B. what they take

　　C. what takes them

　　D. what it takes

　　【考點5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however可以引導名從和讓步狀從；no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how只能引導讓步主語從句。

　　⑦ —Have a nice trip! — Thanks. I’ll telephone you from _____ I get to by tomorrow evening.

　　A. wherever

　　B. every place

　　C. whenever

　　D. no matter where

　　【考點6】that的用法