2024屆英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版] 專題21 短文改錯
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2024屆英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版]
專題【備考策略】
如何做短文改錯： ?????第一步： 審題。通讀全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整體(時態(tài)、 題材及內容)。
???? 第二步： 重讀全文， 應先確定一些明顯的錯誤， 以便疏通短文， 化繁為簡， 為后面解題打開思路。許多問題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、 句法到行文邏輯三方面著手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找錯。 第三步： 綜觀全篇， 看錯誤類型的比例是否得當、 前后邏輯是否一致、 有無前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。
第四步： 認真檢查， 避免出現(xiàn)以下錯誤： 符號不規(guī)范； 一個詞改為幾個或幾個改為一個； 該大寫的未大寫； 合成詞只改了其中一部分等。
綜合近年的高考題我們可以看出主要在以下語法項目上設題： 1.名詞和限制詞的搭配 主要涉及可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞與冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞的錯誤搭配，以及名詞的單復數(shù)的誤用。 2.動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞 常出現(xiàn)在總體時態(tài)為過去或現(xiàn)在時中間雜有另一時態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，以及動詞的謂語與非謂語形式、非謂語動詞之間的誤用。 3.代詞的誤用 主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的錯用。如男性用了女性代詞，單數(shù)用了復數(shù)代詞或相反；應當用形容詞性的物主代詞用了名詞性等。 4.數(shù)詞的誤用 主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等詞和具體數(shù)量詞連用時的用法以及表示約數(shù)的用法。 5.形容詞與副詞 主要涉及到形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級與最高級的誤用，以及形容詞和副詞的誤用等。 6.考查英語中的并列現(xiàn)象 常見的短語結構包括非謂語，并列句等 7.考查上下文的邏輯關系 主要查看文章自身前后敘述是否矛盾等 8.一些相似結構的誤用 9.慣用法的搭配
考點解析
考點一、名詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯的名詞考點主要涉及名詞的單復數(shù),即在該用復數(shù)的地方誤用其單數(shù),或在該用單數(shù)的地方誤用其復數(shù)。
二、真題單句歸納
1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor.
2. He was right there in the front of me!
3. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.
4. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady,around three per weeks.
5. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.
6. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
7. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
8. I was playing at my cousin house.
9. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.
三、改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系。
考點二、時態(tài)
一、考點規(guī)律分析
動詞時態(tài)考點主要涉及一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去的區(qū)別,其命題方式通常是在一個一般現(xiàn)在時的背景下誤用某個一般過去時；或者反過來,在一個一般過去時的背景下誤用某個一般現(xiàn)在時。從所涉及的動詞來看,主要涉及be 和 have兩個常用動詞。有時也涉及其他時態(tài),如一般將來時,現(xiàn)在完成時等,但很少見。
二、真題單句歸納
1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn't be seen anywhere.
2. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
3. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and never mentioned it again.
4. We became friends shortly after we meet each other.
三、改正方法:現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用,句中一般沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文,著眼于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去,突然一個句子用現(xiàn)在時。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多。
考點三、動詞
一、動詞考點規(guī)律分析
動詞考點歸納的是除動詞時態(tài)與非謂語動詞之外的動詞考點,它包括被動語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、動詞形式的變化、動詞用法辨析、動詞 be 的誤加與漏用等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. I couldn't believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
2. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.
3. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again;
考點四、主謂一致
一、考點規(guī)律分析
從廣義來說,英語中的一致問題涉及多個方面,如主謂一致、人稱的一致、并列結構的前后一致等。由于人稱的一致已歸入“代詞”考點、并列結構的前后一致已分別歸入非謂語動詞、時態(tài)等,所以這里只歸納主謂一致問題。
二、真題單句歸納
1. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady,around three per week.
2. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.
3. Katia,like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively.
三、改正方法:分清主語
考點五、多詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
多詞錯誤主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞,如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動詞 be、比較級more等。具體說來,多詞錯誤可能涉及的問題有：及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞,在該用動詞原形的地方誤加不定式符號to,在物質名詞、抽象名詞、復數(shù)名詞等表示泛指時誤加定冠詞,在一些可直接用作狀語的短語前誤加介詞in, on, for 等,誤加一些導致語義重復的小詞（如two 與both連用,all 與whole 連用等）,在本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more,在不是從句的地方誤加從句“引導詞”,在一些習慣用語和固定表達中誤加不該用的“小詞”（如冠詞、介詞、副詞等）,等等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of days.
2. He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements.
3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,so he went to the doctor for a help.
4. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent to me lots of clothes.
5. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again;
6. Now, we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.
（10） Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.
考點六、缺詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
與多詞錯誤的情形相似,缺詞也主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞,如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動詞 be等。具體說來,漏詞錯誤可能涉及的問題有：不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加必要的介詞,在該帶不定式符號to的地方漏加 to,在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指意義時漏加必要的限定詞（尤其是漏加不定冠詞）,漏掉表特指的定冠詞,漏掉被動語態(tài)中的助動詞 be,漏加系表結構中的連系動詞 be,漏加一些常用結構或表達中的介詞（如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of,漏掉 because of 中的 of,漏掉 instead of 中的 of等）,漏掉某些從句的“引導詞”（通常會導致意義不通）,等等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, so I rushed back home to get .
2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known.
3. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
4. I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.
5. I put into my pocket when he wasn't looking.
6. This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a long time.
考點七、介詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習語中的介詞用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. I was really disappointed and about to leave when he walked out a building.
2. Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.（201·全國II）
3. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors to outer space was shown on television,there was an immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States.
4. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
5. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on.
6. There was one on particular I'd always wanted.
考點八、從句及并列連詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對從句引導詞的考查主要涉及根據(jù)句意正確選用引導詞、引導詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認為是從句而誤加引導詞等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get it.
2. It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.
3. Following this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings,because the rate remained above the previous level.
4. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,but he went to the doctor for help.
5. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.
6. We're both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different.
7. There ,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can't wait.
三、改正方法：
）根據(jù)句意確定錯誤；主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。
）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關系確定錯誤。
考點九、非謂語動詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對非謂語動詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號 to 的有無,介詞后該使用動詞的什么形式（用動名詞）,并列結構中幾個非謂語動詞是否一致,動詞用作主語時用何種形式（可用動名詞或不定式,但不能用動詞原形）等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors.
2. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.
3. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to making his findings known.
4. Follow this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings,but the rate remained above the previous level.
5. The man did as told and slept really well,wake up before the alam had even gone off.
6. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
7. "Boss," he said ,"that medicine really works!" I'm pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?”
8. My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou.
9. With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, I′ve soon got used to live without my parents around.
三、改正方法：）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。
考點十、冠詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對冠詞的考查主要涉及冠詞的誤加和漏用,有時也考查不定冠詞與定冠詞以及零冠詞的用法區(qū)別（包括 a 與 an 的區(qū)別）。其中,涉及最多的是,當一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,其前漏用不定冠詞；另外,冠詞在一些習語中的用法也是一個重要考點。
二、真題單句歸納
1. If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.
2. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television,there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States.
三、模擬單句演練
（）Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
（）It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
（3）It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
（4）My friend Mary comes from an European country.
（）Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
（6）In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.
（7）People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
（8）You don't know what wonderful time we've had.
考點十一、代詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對代詞的考查主要涉及人稱代詞的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和單復數(shù)的一致性）、人稱代詞的主格與賓語變化、各類代詞的誤加與漏用（尤其是一些易受漢語影響的結構）、某些不定代詞的用法（尤其是在意思上用錯）、代詞在某些習語中的用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
1. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. They wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained quite naturally by aircraft movements.
3. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.
4. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve soon got used to living without my parents around.
考點十二、形容詞和副詞
一、考點規(guī)律分析
短文改錯對形容詞與副詞的考查主要涉及形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用（尤其是在本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more）、形容詞與副詞的混用（如修飾動詞時誤用形容詞或修飾名詞時誤用副詞）等,另外,用作表語時該用形容詞的卻誤用了名詞、簡短副詞（如 in, down 等）的誤加與漏用、涉及形容詞搭配的as…as 結構、how 與 what 的混用等也是常考的考點。
二、真題單句歸納
1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they had finished the scene and the actor couldn't be seen everywhere.
2.
I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.
3. If you'd like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.
4. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.
5. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday.
6. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. Late on, my aunt drove me home.
7. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.
8. She knew what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.
