2024屆高考英語二輪復習課件 第5講:動詞的時態和語態(湖南專用)人教新課標版
考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例1:— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______, I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing *
【解析】選B?!皐ith+賓語+不定式”結構中的不定式表示將來,且常用主動表被動。 *
考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例2:This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate *
【解析】選D。在句型“主語+be+adj.+to do”中,如果這個主語是動詞do的邏輯賓語,常用主動表被動,所以選D。 *
考點5: 雙賓語動詞的被動語態
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars,but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave *
【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價,開價”講,常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動語態中。 *
考點6:短語動詞的被動語態 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at *
【解析】選D。由by短語可知該用被動語態,即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,而laugh at是及物動詞短語,可用被動語態。 *
考點7:不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態
Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評估 *
【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動詞短語,一般不用被動語態,即可排除A、C、D。 *
1. — You've left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go
B. I've gone
C. I go
D. I'm going 易錯題筆記 *
【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清,因為兩者均可表示將來。will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用 be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用 will。比較:
— I've come out without any money.
——我沒帶錢出來。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.
——沒關系,我借給你。 *
(句中用will lend表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的,即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買了部打字機,我想學打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說話人“學打字”是事先準備的,并為此買了臺打字機) *
2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.
A. look
B. looking
C. looked
D. looks *
【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結構是 His wife sits by the window,由于句子主語 his wife 帶有較復雜的修飾語,所以采用了倒裝語序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語從句,其中dressed in black是插入語,故應填looks作定語從句的謂語。 *
3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D,認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間,所以應選過去時態,又因為 date from 不用于被動語態,所以只能選D。其實此題的最佳答案應是C,因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今(=have existed since)”,它通常用于一般現在時,而不用于過去時態(盡管其后接的是表示過去的時間),除非所談論的東西現在已不復存在,如: The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意: 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。)
*
4. — Do you like the material?
— Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D,認為應用被動語態。其實,此題正確答案為C,因為 feel 在此為連系動詞,不能用于被動語態。
*
6. — He will come tomorrow.
— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B,因為上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應用一般將來時態。但實際上此題的最佳答案是 C,這與 would rather 的用法有關。按照英語習慣,would rather 后接that 從句時,其謂語的時態規律是: 用過去時表示現在或將來,用過去完成時表示過去。又如:
I'd rather you went home now.
我寧愿你現在就回家。 *
I'd rather you hadn't done that.
我真希望你沒有做過那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了?!薄暗业箤幵改銢]有告訴他?!?“He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上?!薄暗业箤幵覆灰獛胰ァ!?*
7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing *
【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的,全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B,則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”,既然是“寫了”,那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。 *
8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.
— It's 4331577.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't *
【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C,認為此處要用一般現在時態,表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。其實,答案應選A,根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”,可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前,故應用一般過去時態。 *
9. — Please don't make a noise.
— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I won't *
【解析】選D。有的同學由于受前一句don't 的影響,認為下文的答句應選A或B,這些同學主要是忽略了上文的真實語境: 上文是一個祈使句,而祈使句表示的時間應是“將來”,這從空格后的 I'll be…這個將來時態也可看出。另外,從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語境來看,此題的最佳答案應選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 *
10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been *
【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D,認為前句用了had hoped,所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。正確答案為A。前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算,可以譯為“本想”,而后一句說“我太忙”,這是陳述過去的一個事實,所以要用一般過去時。 *
第5講
動詞的時態和語態
*
英語中,動詞有16種時態,而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時態,它們是:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時以及現在完成進行時。 Ⅰ. 動詞的時態 *
考點1:一般現在時與現在進行時
“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國新課標卷 23)
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed *
【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語。句子的內容是生活哲理,所以用一般現在時。句意: 奶奶過去常常說: “人生就像在雪中行走,因為每一步都看得見(留下了你的足跡)?!?*
考點2:現在完成時與一般過去時
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
*
【解析】選D。句意:自從我來了這所學校以后,這是我聽過的最有教育意義的一場講座。這里考查了定語從句和時態兩個知識點。因為前面的謂語動詞是is,并且談論的是從過去開始持續到現在的一段時間里發生的動作,所以用現在完成時。故選D。 *
考點3:過去進行時與一般過去時 — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking *
【解析】選C 。 根據上句must have been可知trip發生在過去,因此第二句選用一般過去時took。句意:——那一定是一次漫長的旅行?!前?,我們花了整整一星期才到達那兒。 *
考點4:過去完成時與一般過去時
After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)
A. had started
B. has started
C. started
D. starts
*
【解析】選 C。 根據前半句的謂語動詞用了過去完成時,可知后半句用一般過去時,這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件。句意: Jack發了幾封電子郵件之后,他才開始研究他的項目。 *
考點5:現在完成時與現在完成進行時
The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國大綱卷18)
A. has told
B. is telling
C. has been telling
D. will have told *
【解析】選 C。 現在完成進行時表示: 過去某一動作從過去開始一直延續到現在,現在剛剛結束或還在進行。句意: 經理從早上9點開始就一直在不停地告訴工人們如何改進這個項目。根據句意選C。 *
考點6:一般將來時與將來進行時 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)
A. fly
B. will fly
C. will be flying
D. am flying
*
【解析】選C。根據問句中的two o'clock和應答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動作在將來正在進行,用將來進行時,選C。 *
Ⅱ. 動詞的語態 考點1:注意各種時態的被動語態形式
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt *
【解析】選A。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。句意為: 他們現在暫時和父母一起居住,因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據句意可知,應使用現在進行時,且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關系,故使用現在進行時態的被動語態。 *
考點2:“get+過去分詞”結構
Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)
A. get paid
B. got paid
C. have paid
D. had been paid *
【解析】選A。句意: 媽媽,能否借幾美元給我,星期五發工資后還給你。until引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來,get paid相當于一般現在時的被動語態。 *
考點3:不及物動詞沒有被動語態
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out *
【解析】選B。分析題干語境可知,食品供應即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語,不能使用被動形式,由此可排除C和D兩個選項。B選項為現在進行時態,可以表示將來,符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項。
考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例1:— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______, I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing *
【解析】選B?!皐ith+賓語+不定式”結構中的不定式表示將來,且常用主動表被動。 *
考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例2:This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate *
【解析】選D。在句型“主語+be+adj.+to do”中,如果這個主語是動詞do的邏輯賓語,常用主動表被動,所以選D。 *
考點5: 雙賓語動詞的被動語態
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars,but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave *
【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價,開價”講,常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動語態中。 *
考點6:短語動詞的被動語態 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at *
【解析】選D。由by短語可知該用被動語態,即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,而laugh at是及物動詞短語,可用被動語態。 *
考點7:不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態
Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評估 *
【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動詞短語,一般不用被動語態,即可排除A、C、D。 *
1. — You've left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go
B. I've gone
C. I go
D. I'm going 易錯題筆記 *
【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清,因為兩者均可表示將來。will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用 be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用 will。比較:
— I've come out without any money.
——我沒帶錢出來。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.
——沒關系,我借給你。 *
(句中用will lend表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的,即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買了部打字機,我想學打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說話人“學打字”是事先準備的,并為此買了臺打字機) *
2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.
A. look
B. looking
C. looked
D. looks *
【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結構是 His wife sits by the window,由于句子主語 his wife 帶有較復雜的修飾語,所以采用了倒裝語序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語從句,其中dressed in black是插入語,故應填looks作定語從句的謂語。 *
3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D,認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間,所以應選過去時態,又因為 date from 不用于被動語態,所以只能選D。其實此題的最佳答案應是C,因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今(=have existed since)”,它通常用于一般現在時,而不用于過去時態(盡管其后接的是表示過去的時間),除非所談論的東西現在已不復存在,如: The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意: 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。)
*
4. — Do you like the material?
— Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D,認為應用被動語態。其實,此題正確答案為C,因為 feel 在此為連系動詞,不能用于被動語態。
*
6. — He will come tomorrow.
— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come *
【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B,因為上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應用一般將來時態。但實際上此題的最佳答案是 C,這與 would rather 的用法有關。按照英語習慣,would rather 后接that 從句時,其謂語的時態規律是: 用過去時表示現在或將來,用過去完成時表示過去。又如:
I'd rather you went home now.
我寧愿你現在就回家。 *
I'd rather you hadn't done that.
我真希望你沒有做過那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了?!薄暗业箤幵改銢]有告訴他?!?“He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上?!薄暗业箤幵覆灰獛胰?。” *
7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing *
【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的,全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B,則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”,既然是“寫了”,那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。 *
8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.
— It's 4331577.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't *
【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C,認為此處要用一般現在時態,表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。其實,答案應選A,根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”,可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前,故應用一般過去時態。 *
9. — Please don't make a noise.
— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I won't *
【解析】選D。有的同學由于受前一句don't 的影響,認為下文的答句應選A或B,這些同學主要是忽略了上文的真實語境: 上文是一個祈使句,而祈使句表示的時間應是“將來”,這從空格后的 I'll be…這個將來時態也可看出。另外,從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語境來看,此題的最佳答案應選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 *
10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been *
【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D,認為前句用了had hoped,所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。正確答案為A。前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算,可以譯為“本想”,而后一句說“我太忙”,這是陳述過去的一個事實,所以要用一般過去時。 *
第5講
動詞的時態和語態
*
英語中,動詞有16種時態,而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時態,它們是:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時以及現在完成進行時。 Ⅰ. 動詞的時態 *
考點1:一般現在時與現在進行時
“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國新課標卷 23)
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed *
【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語。句子的內容是生活哲理,所以用一般現在時。句意: 奶奶過去常常說: “人生就像在雪中行走,因為每一步都看得見(留下了你的足跡)?!?*
考點2:現在完成時與一般過去時
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
*
【解析】選D。句意:自從我來了這所學校以后,這是我聽過的最有教育意義的一場講座。這里考查了定語從句和時態兩個知識點。因為前面的謂語動詞是is,并且談論的是從過去開始持續到現在的一段時間里發生的動作,所以用現在完成時。故選D。 *
考點3:過去進行時與一般過去時 — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking *
【解析】選C 。 根據上句must have been可知trip發生在過去,因此第二句選用一般過去時took。句意:——那一定是一次漫長的旅行?!前。覀兓苏恍瞧诓诺竭_那兒。 *
考點4:過去完成時與一般過去時
After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)
A. had started
B. has started
C. started
D. starts
*
【解析】選 C。 根據前半句的謂語動詞用了過去完成時,可知后半句用一般過去時,這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件。句意: Jack發了幾封電子郵件之后,他才開始研究他的項目。 *
考點5:現在完成時與現在完成進行時
The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國大綱卷18)
A. has told
B. is telling
C. has been telling
D. will have told *
【解析】選 C。 現在完成進行時表示: 過去某一動作從過去開始一直延續到現在,現在剛剛結束或還在進行。句意: 經理從早上9點開始就一直在不停地告訴工人們如何改進這個項目。根據句意選C。 *
考點6:一般將來時與將來進行時 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)
A. fly
B. will fly
C. will be flying
D. am flying
*
【解析】選C。根據問句中的two o'clock和應答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動作在將來正在進行,用將來進行時,選C。 *
?、? 動詞的語態 考點1:注意各種時態的被動語態形式
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt *
【解析】選A。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。句意為: 他們現在暫時和父母一起居住,因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據句意可知,應使用現在進行時,且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關系,故使用現在進行時態的被動語態。 *
考點2:“get+過去分詞”結構
Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)
A. get paid
B. got paid
C. have paid
D. had been paid *
【解析】選A。句意: 媽媽,能否借幾美元給我,星期五發工資后還給你。until引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來,get paid相當于一般現在時的被動語態。 *
考點3:不及物動詞沒有被動語態
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out *
【解析】選B。分析題干語境可知,食品供應即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語,不能使用被動形式,由此可排除C和D兩個選項。B選項為現在進行時態,可以表示將來,符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項。