【譯林湖南版】2011高考英語一輪復習提能訓練：Module 3 Unit 2《Language》（含解析）

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　　【譯林湖南版】2011高考英語一輪復習提能訓練

　　Module 3

　　Unit 2　LanguageⅠ.填詞

　　A WEBSITE called the Global Language Monitor recently(日前)announced that the English language now has over 1 million words.Word number 1,000,000 is “Web 2.0”．

　　Most Americans have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words.The most famous English speaker in history，William Shakespeare，used 30,000 words in his plays.That’s a lot，but it’s not even close to 1 million.So where do all of these words come from?

　　English likes to borrow words from other languages.Take the word “fiancé”，a French term for someone who’s engaged(訂婚)．English speakers don’t have a word of their own to describe

　　this，so they just use the French.Don’t forget “feng shui”，the Chinese term now used by English speakers who want to arrange(布置)their furniture in harmony(和諧)．

　　In the age of the Internet, the English language is growing more quickly.Some experts believe that as many as 15 words join the English language every day.Now it’s possible to share information very quickly with people all over the world，and words from all languages are flying through a shared cyberspace(網絡空間)．

　　Speaking of cyberspace，in the age of the Internet，a whole new vocabulary is being used.Think of words like “cyber”，“blog”(博客)，“World Wide Web”and “e-mail”．Ten years ago，these words were rare(稀少的)．Now it’s hard to imagine the English language—and the world—without them！

　　Major fact A website called the Global Language Monitor recently __1__ that the English language now has __2__words.

　　Question Where do all of these words come from？

　　Explanations English likes to __3__ words from other languages. __4__：1)English speakers use the __5__

　　word “fiancé” because they don’t have a word to describe someone who is engaged.

　　2)English speakers use the __6__“feng shui” to arrange their furniture in harmony.

　　In the __7__ of the Internet，English is getting bigger and shared faster. Examples：

　　1)Experts believe that as many as __8__words join the English language every day.2)A whole new __9__ is being used.Words like “cyber” were __10__ ten years ago.

　　Ⅱ.簡答題

　　Storms can result when the air temperature in one area is different from that of another.Warmer air rises and cooler air falls.These movements create a difference in the pressure of the atmosphere.

　　If the pressure changes over a large area，winds start to blow in a huge circle.High-pressure air is pulled into a low-pressure center.

　　Severe ocean storms happen less often in the southern hemisphere.There the season of greatest activity is between December and March.

　　South of the equator，the winds flow in the same direction as the hands on a clock.North of the equator，they flow counter-clockwise.

　　This is because as Earth turns，air is pulled to the right in the northern hemisphere.In the southern hemisphere，air is pulled to the left.

　　Storms can get stronger and stronger as they move over warm ocean waters.The strongest，fastest winds of a hurricane are found in the eye-wall.This is the area that surrounds the center，or eye，of the storm.The eye itself is calm by comparison，with light winds and clear skies.

　　Winds in severe ocean storms can reach speeds of more than two hundred and fifty kilometers an hour.Up to fifty centimeters of rain can fall.Some storms have produced more than one hundred and fifty centimeters of rain.

　　These storms also cause high waves and ocean surges.A surge is a continuous movement of water that may reach six meters or more.The water smashes across low coastal areas.Surges are commonly responsible for about ninety percent of all deaths from ocean storms.

　　Weather scientists use computers to create models that show where a storm might go.Models combine information such as temperatures，wind speed，atmospheric pressure and the amount of water in the atmosphere.

　　Scientists collect the information with satellites，weather balloons and devices floating in the world’s oceans.They also collect information from ships and passenger flights and from planes that fly into and around storms.The crews drop instruments on parachutes to record temperature，pressure，wind speed and other conditions.

　　In July，ten scientists released a statement about what they called the main hurricane problem facing the United States.They warned that the problem is development in coastal areas at risk from hurricanes.

　　They called on government leaders not to support

　　policies that have increased the density of population and wealth in these areas.Their message was that building in risky coastal areas only increases the amount of destruction when a hurricane strikes.

　　1．Under what conditions do storms result？(no more than 13 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．Between December and March，do winds flow in the same direction in the northern and

　　southern hemispheres？(no more than 3 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．Where can the strongest and fastest winds be found in a hurricane？(no more than 3 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What is the major reason for deaths in ocean storm？(no more than 1 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Ⅲ.閱讀理解

　　There are two major parties in Britain today，the Conservative and the Labour，which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two-party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.To strengthen the state machine，the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another since the 17th century.P.S.Tregidgo once said，“The more parties there are，the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to control all the others; but when there are only two，one of them is sure to have a majority of seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government.”This explains why the British have the two-party system.

　　The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion，the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church.The non Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church，whose supporters were called by their opponents “Tories”．The Puritans were for Parliament and trade，whose supporters are called by the “Tories”“Whigs”．The Tories and the Whigs were in power by turns for a long time.In 1833，the Tory Party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.Since then，the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.They have some different opinions，but were both controlled by the rich.

　　The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour Party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922，the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party.

　　1．What does the underlined word “it”stand for?

　　A．The two-party system.

　　B．The state machine.

　　C．The Parliament.

　　D．The capitalist state.

　　2．We can learn from what P．S Tregidgo once said that ________.

　　A．if there are parties in Britain，none of them will be strong enough to have control in the

　　government

　　B．the more parties there are，the more likely it is that they will have the decisive say in the government

　　C．the two-party system contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long lasting government

　　D．if there are only two parties in Britain，it will be easy for the government to control them

　　3．What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?A．These two parties originally believed in different religions.

　　B．These two parties were established under the influence of different religious beliefs.C．The British King and the Parliament supported different religions because they were for the two-party system.

　　D．The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.

　　4．According to the passage，why was the Labour Party established in Britain?

　　A．Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.

　　B．Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.

　　C．Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.

　　D．Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.

　　5．Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?

　　A．The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.

　　B．The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.

　　C．The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.

　　D．The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.

　　Unit 2　Language

　　Ⅰ.

　　1．announced　2.over 1 million　3.borrow　4.Examples　5.French　6.Chinese term　7.age　8.15　9.vocabulary　10.rare

　　Ⅱ.

　　1．When the air temperature in one area is different from that of another.

　　2．No，they don’t.

　　3．In the eye-wall.

　　4．Surges.

　　Ⅲ.

　　【解題導語】在英國，現在控制議會的是保守黨和工黨。兩黨制既有利于資產階級國家議會內部相互制約又能使政府強大和穩定。英國兩黨制的形成和發展經歷了幾個階段。

　　1．解析：指代考查題。文中介紹，資產階級是為了強化國家機器，而讓 “兩黨制” 形成并存在的。

　　答案：A

　　2．解析：細節推斷題。選項C的意思是：兩黨制有利于建立一個有力的持久的政府。

　　答案：C

　　3．解析：細節推斷題。從原文可知，由于宗教上的原因，英國國教分化為清教徒和非清教徒，這兩支后來發展為輝格黨和托利黨。

　　答案：B

　　4．解析：細節理解題。工黨的建立的原因是工人階級不愿受自由黨和保守黨的控制，且這兩大黨都是代表富人利益的黨派。

　　答案：D

　　5．解析：細節推斷題。輝格黨發展成后來的自由黨，自由黨又為工黨所取代，也就是說輝格黨不復存在了。