2024屆廣東省廣州市天河中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講：主謂一致01（含答案）
主謂一致
主謂一致（concord），是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上的一致。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞be的變化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主語(yǔ)I一定要用am的動(dòng)詞形式，這就叫“主謂一致”。 ?一、?主謂一致的三個(gè)原則
主謂一致涉及三個(gè)基本原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則（principle of grammatical concord）、意義一致原則（principle of notional concord）和就近原則（principle of proximity）。
A.?語(yǔ)法一致
語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ? My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想與我一起度假。 ? My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。B.?意義一致
意義一致是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記。
1. 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣的人好像是律師。 ? The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師都是女的。 ? 2. 主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? No news is good news.? 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。 ? Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越來(lái)越受歡迎。C.?就近原則
就近原則是指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。 ? There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。 ? Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。 ? 注意： ? 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實(shí)際使用中，如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定，遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。 ? 二、?并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
A.?由and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)
1. 用and（或both... and）連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔頭和鋸子都是有用的工具。 ? Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 這幾年工農(nóng)業(yè)大大地發(fā)展了。 ? ①當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個(gè)人或一種概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 ? The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.? 這位教師兼作家正在會(huì)上發(fā)言。 ? A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線(xiàn)給了她，但她不會(huì)把鈕扣縫起來(lái)。（a needle and thread 作為同一件東西對(duì)待） ? Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念） ? Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他經(jīng)常以黃油面包當(dāng)早餐。 ? A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)方看見(jiàn)一輛馬車(chē)。 ? 必背： ? 英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有： ? iron and steel 鋼鐵 ? law and order 治安 ? bread and butter 黃油面包 ? a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 ? a knife and fork刀叉 ? a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 ? aim and end 目的 ? truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)2. 一個(gè)名詞為幾個(gè)并列形容詞所修飾時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則。 ? Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聰明的和遲鈍的學(xué)生都受到相同的對(duì)待。 ? A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)一只黑白色的小花貓。 ? 比較： ? A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（兩只狗） ? A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)
3．在each... and each ..., every...and every..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 ? Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有蘋(píng)果。 ? Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 ? No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒島上既看不到鳥(niǎo)也看不到野獸。
4. 帶有并列動(dòng)詞的what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。 ? What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具體指他說(shuō)的話(huà)和他做的事） ? What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無(wú)關(guān)。（泛指他的為人）5．在某些成語(yǔ)中，一些并列主語(yǔ)用and相連時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 ? All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會(huì)變傻。 ? Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰慧。B.?以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去購(gòu)物。 ? --Are either you or he to go there --是你還是他將去那里？ ? --Neither is. --一個(gè)也不去。 ? Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是萊特兄弟在那里，連他們的父親也在。 ? Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there. ? 被邀請(qǐng)去參加晚會(huì)的不是學(xué)生（們），而是他們的老師。
C．主語(yǔ)后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定，也就是說(shuō)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受這些詞組的影響。 ? The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 這位老師和學(xué)生們一起在圖書(shū)館閱讀。 ? The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 學(xué)生們和這位老師一起在圖書(shū)館閱讀。 ? The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由經(jīng)理而不是工人們來(lái)承擔(dān)。 ? Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 當(dāng)時(shí)只有三個(gè)警察在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。三、?單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，這是符合語(yǔ)法一致的原則。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的情況：
A．?形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)（即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)），按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 許多學(xué)科名稱(chēng)，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每個(gè)學(xué)生的必修科目。 ? News is traveling fast nowadays. 當(dāng)今資訊傳播得很快。
2. 用作國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)名、報(bào)刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 ? The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)了解除對(duì)伊制裁的決定。 ? The Times reports the news of the strike. 時(shí)代雜志報(bào)導(dǎo)了罷工的消息。 ? Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《遠(yuǎn)大前程》是狄更斯于1860年寫(xiě)的。 ? 注意： ? 如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美國(guó)和加拿大兩國(guó)之間。 ? The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國(guó)東南太平洋西部。 ? The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。
3. 一些形復(fù)意單的名詞，包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱(chēng)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 ? His glasses are new. 他的眼鏡是新的。 ? 注意： ? 這些名詞如用a pair of 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。 ? The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。 ? The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 這家玻璃廠建于1986年。 ? The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 這些玻璃廠在火車(chē)站附近。 ? This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀有。 ? The species of fish are numerous. 魚(yú)的種類(lèi)很多。 ? Sheep are raised for wool. 養(yǎng)羊是為了剪毛。 ? There is a sheep under the tree. 樹(shù)下有一只綿羊。 ? 比較： ? 當(dāng)這類(lèi)名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一種方法都試過(guò)了卻沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。 ? All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都試過(guò)了卻沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。 B．?集合名詞作主語(yǔ)
集合名詞表示有若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。
1. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。 ? But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。 ? One third of the population here are workers. 這里人口中有三分之一是工人。 ? The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增長(zhǎng)。
2. 有些集合名詞，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。 ? The police have caught the thief. 警察已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。 ? The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。 ? Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人和20年前大不一樣。 ? Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人從不知足。 ? 比較： ? 幾組集合名詞作主語(yǔ)的句子。 ? The team is well organized. 這個(gè)隊(duì)組織得很好。 ? The team are all tough players. 這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)員都很強(qiáng)壯。 ? All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興地跳了起來(lái)。 ? The class is made up of 54 students. 這班由54名學(xué)生組成。 ? The young couple is happy. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦很幸福。 ? The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦正在吵架。 ? The village is at the foot of the mountain. 這個(gè)村子在山腳下。 ? All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出來(lái)歡迎他。3．有些無(wú)生命（表示物）的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 ? All the furniture in my room is new. 我房間里的家具都是新的。 ? Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的氣候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。 ? The machinery is driven by electricity. 這些機(jī)器是由電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的。 ? Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已經(jīng)運(yùn)到了嗎？ ? A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 這里需要大量徒步旅行的裝備。
主謂一致
主謂一致（concord），是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上的一致。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞be的變化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主語(yǔ)I一定要用am的動(dòng)詞形式，這就叫“主謂一致”。 ?一、?主謂一致的三個(gè)原則
主謂一致涉及三個(gè)基本原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則（principle of grammatical concord）、意義一致原則（principle of notional concord）和就近原則（principle of proximity）。
A.?語(yǔ)法一致
語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ? My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想與我一起度假。 ? My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。B.?意義一致
意義一致是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記。
1. 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣的人好像是律師。 ? The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師都是女的。 ? 2. 主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? No news is good news.? 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。 ? Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越來(lái)越受歡迎。C.?就近原則
就近原則是指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。 ? There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。 ? Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。 ? 注意： ? 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實(shí)際使用中，如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定，遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。 ? 二、?并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
A.?由and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)
1. 用and（或both... and）連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔頭和鋸子都是有用的工具。 ? Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 這幾年工農(nóng)業(yè)大大地發(fā)展了。 ? ①當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個(gè)人或一種概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 ? The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.? 這位教師兼作家正在會(huì)上發(fā)言。 ? A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線(xiàn)給了她，但她不會(huì)把鈕扣縫起來(lái)。（a needle and thread 作為同一件東西對(duì)待） ? Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念） ? Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他經(jīng)常以黃油面包當(dāng)早餐。 ? A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)方看見(jiàn)一輛馬車(chē)。 ? 必背： ? 英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有： ? iron and steel 鋼鐵 ? law and order 治安 ? bread and butter 黃油面包 ? a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 ? a knife and fork刀叉 ? a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 ? aim and end 目的 ? truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)2. 一個(gè)名詞為幾個(gè)并列形容詞所修飾時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則。 ? Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聰明的和遲鈍的學(xué)生都受到相同的對(duì)待。 ? A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)一只黑白色的小花貓。 ? 比較： ? A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（兩只狗） ? A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)
3．在each... and each ..., every...and every..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 ? Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有蘋(píng)果。 ? Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 ? No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒島上既看不到鳥(niǎo)也看不到野獸。
4. 帶有并列動(dòng)詞的what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。 ? What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具體指他說(shuō)的話(huà)和他做的事） ? What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無(wú)關(guān)。（泛指他的為人）5．在某些成語(yǔ)中，一些并列主語(yǔ)用and相連時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 ? All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會(huì)變傻。 ? Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰慧。B.?以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去購(gòu)物。 ? --Are either you or he to go there --是你還是他將去那里？ ? --Neither is. --一個(gè)也不去。 ? Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是萊特兄弟在那里，連他們的父親也在。 ? Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there. ? 被邀請(qǐng)去參加晚會(huì)的不是學(xué)生（們），而是他們的老師。
C．主語(yǔ)后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定，也就是說(shuō)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受這些詞組的影響。 ? The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 這位老師和學(xué)生們一起在圖書(shū)館閱讀。 ? The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 學(xué)生們和這位老師一起在圖書(shū)館閱讀。 ? The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由經(jīng)理而不是工人們來(lái)承擔(dān)。 ? Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 當(dāng)時(shí)只有三個(gè)警察在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。三、?單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，這是符合語(yǔ)法一致的原則。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的情況：
A．?形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)（即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)），按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 許多學(xué)科名稱(chēng)，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每個(gè)學(xué)生的必修科目。 ? News is traveling fast nowadays. 當(dāng)今資訊傳播得很快。
2. 用作國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)名、報(bào)刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 ? The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)了解除對(duì)伊制裁的決定。 ? The Times reports the news of the strike. 時(shí)代雜志報(bào)導(dǎo)了罷工的消息。 ? Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《遠(yuǎn)大前程》是狄更斯于1860年寫(xiě)的。 ? 注意： ? 如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美國(guó)和加拿大兩國(guó)之間。 ? The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國(guó)東南太平洋西部。 ? The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。
3. 一些形復(fù)意單的名詞，包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱(chēng)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 ? His glasses are new. 他的眼鏡是新的。 ? 注意： ? 這些名詞如用a pair of 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 ? The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。 ? The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。 ? The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 這家玻璃廠建于1986年。 ? The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 這些玻璃廠在火車(chē)站附近。 ? This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀有。 ? The species of fish are numerous. 魚(yú)的種類(lèi)很多。 ? Sheep are raised for wool. 養(yǎng)羊是為了剪毛。 ? There is a sheep under the tree. 樹(shù)下有一只綿羊。 ? 比較： ? 當(dāng)這類(lèi)名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一種方法都試過(guò)了卻沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。 ? All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都試過(guò)了卻沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。 B．?集合名詞作主語(yǔ)
集合名詞表示有若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。
1. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。 ? But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。 ? One third of the population here are workers. 這里人口中有三分之一是工人。 ? The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增長(zhǎng)。
2. 有些集合名詞，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。 ? The police have caught the thief. 警察已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。 ? The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。 ? Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人和20年前大不一樣。 ? Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人從不知足。 ? 比較： ? 幾組集合名詞作主語(yǔ)的句子。 ? The team is well organized. 這個(gè)隊(duì)組織得很好。 ? The team are all tough players. 這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)員都很強(qiáng)壯。 ? All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興地跳了起來(lái)。 ? The class is made up of 54 students. 這班由54名學(xué)生組成。 ? The young couple is happy. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦很幸福。 ? The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦正在吵架。 ? The village is at the foot of the mountain. 這個(gè)村子在山腳下。 ? All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出來(lái)歡迎他。3．有些無(wú)生命（表示物）的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 ? All the furniture in my room is new. 我房間里的家具都是新的。 ? Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的氣候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。 ? The machinery is driven by electricity. 這些機(jī)器是由電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的。 ? Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已經(jīng)運(yùn)到了嗎？ ? A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 這里需要大量徒步旅行的裝備。
