2024屆高考英語一輪復習《全優課堂》高考題型技巧突破課件：第3節完形填空（新人教版）

由雕龍文庫 分享時間：2024-03-31 13:35:08 收藏本文

　　【解析】1.B　2.D　由wide modern roads和well maintained可知第1題選B，第2題選D。 (3)因果同現【例】“Hooray！” shouted the crowd.It was the loudest ________ I had ever heard at a meeting.The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line. A．cheer B．shout C．cry D．noise 【解析】A　由Hooray，runner和finishing line 可知選A。 (4)結構同現【例】Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess.________，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture，diving，mathematics. A．As a matter of fact　

　　B．Later on C．Other times　

　　D．In general 【解析】C　由前文中sometimes可知選C。 (5)同義同現【例】If a student has problems with classroom work，the student should either ________ a professor during office hours or make an appointment. A．greet B．attach C．approach D．annoy 【解析】C　由后文中make an appointment可知選C。 12. 根據邏輯推理解題 (即根據上文信息推理和根據下文信息推理) 根據上下文的邏輯關系來推斷正確答案，邏輯關系包括因果關系、對比關系、并列關系、轉折關系、讓步關系、遞進關系、條件與結果的關系等。從幾年來的東高考完形填空題來看，最多的是利用因果關系來推斷正確答案。請運用邏輯推斷，解答以下試題，并指出正確選項是根據什么邏輯關系推斷出來的。

　　(1)根據上文信息推理【例1】On April 12,1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and…“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.” Nobel was ________ to find out not that he had died，but that，when his time was up，he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction. A．upset B．anxious C．excitedD．pleased 【解析】A　前面講報道中的兩件事：一是報社誤以為諾貝爾的兄弟就是他，并且死了，二是說他是靠發現更快的殺人方式發財。根據生活常識，作為諾貝爾本人，看到這篇報道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“興奮(excited)”或“高興(pleased)”，而應當是“不高興(upset)”，故選A。本句大意：諾貝爾感到不快，不是因為報社誤解他死了，而是在他死后被認為是一個靠制造死亡和毀滅而賺錢的人。【例2】It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling.There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby's head while he slept or covering him with some of his father's clothes were just two of the recommended methods.However，hope was not lost even if the baby had been________. A．missed B．stolen C．found D．lost

　　【解析】B　空格前兩句說人們害怕仙女來偷小孩(stolen the baby away)及其阻止此事發生的方法，所以空格句應是“即使小孩被偷走了，也還是有希望的”，故選B。

　　(2)根據下文信息推理【例1】Not all of these fairies are the friendly，people-loving characters that appear in Disney films，and in some folktales they are ________ and cause much human suffering. A．powerful B．cruel C．frightened D．extraordinary

　　【解析】B　根據空格后面的信息“and cause much human suffering(會造成人類的痛苦)”可以推斷出，“在某些民間故事中，仙女是殘酷的”，故選B (cruel)。【例2】To make sure that he was __26__ with love and respect，Nobel arranged in his __27__ to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.So basically，Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.

　　26．A.repaid B．described C．supported D．remembered 27．A.book B．article C．will D．contract 【解析】26.D　由空格后面的信息“諾貝爾在遺囑中安排捐出他的錢來設立諾貝爾獎……”可以推出，其目的是為了讓自己被別人愛戴與尊敬地“紀念，銘記(remembered)”他，而不是“報答(repaid)”“描述(described)”“支持(supported)”他，從而改變當時人們對他的看法，故選D。

　　27．C　由最后一句中的die這一關鍵詞可以得到啟示，設立諾貝爾獎應是在他的“遺囑(will)”中作的安排，故選C。

　　眾所周知，完形填空是考查考生利用上下文語境邏輯推斷空格處未知信息的試題，因此利用正向推斷法、逆向推斷法和正向逆向聯合推斷法可以巧妙解答完形填空題。【例1】(2024廣東)One man left and the other stayed, but they did not __9__ the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was __10__ with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were __11__. It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were __12__ able to fool the crow. 9．A. foolB. hurt

　　C. catch

　　D. kill

　　【解析】9.A　由but可知，他們并沒能“欺騙”那只烏鴉。與下文fool the crow中的fool是原詞復現，也就是說從此可以得到啟示。故選A。【例2】All of a sudden I started to feel rather __1__.She wondered why I was looking for this sort of __2__.I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience. 1．A.encouraged B．dissatisfied C．helpless　

　　D．pleased 2．A.place B．job C．advice D．help

　　【解析】1.C　2.B　由后文中helpless和job可知第1題選C，第2題選B。

　　(2)同義詞、近義詞復現。同義詞、近義詞復現是借助意思相同或相近的表達方式，或解釋性的語言使上下文的語義得以連接起來。

　　【例1】There were many ways to prevent this from happening：hanging a knife over the baby's head while he slept or covering him with some of his father's clothes were just two of the recommended ________. A．cases B．tools C．steps D．methods

　　【解析】D　前句說“避免這類的事發生有許多方法(ways)”，冒號后的解釋，“在小孩睡覺時在其頭上懸掛一把刀，或者用其父親的褲子蓋著他，就是其中值得推薦的兩種________”，承前邏輯，自然是其中的兩種“方法”，與ways同義的是methods，故選D。【例2】That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the________of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us. A．benefitB．good C．fun D．interest 【解析】C　由后文的pleasure可知此處應該填fun。故選C。

　　(3)反義詞復現。語意的連貫有時是通過對比結構而采用反義復現的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。

　　【例】Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't ________ your money；it only tightens it. A．loosen B．weaken C．decrease D．reduce 【解析】由文中doesn't 和tightens可知答案選A。

　　(4)同源詞復現。對于上下文語義復現的表達，還可借助復現信息的同源詞或同根詞。如：【例1】Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However，this ________ is more often from parents and teachers than from students… A．concern B．conclusion C．reflection D．interest

　　【解析】A　因concern (n.擔心)與上文的concerned (adj.擔心的)是同源詞復現或同根詞復現。故選A。【例2】Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.If a long reading assignment is given，the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading…When research is ________，the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. A．collected B．assigned C．distributed D．finished

　　【解析】B　由前文中reading assignment 可知選B。

　　(5)上下義詞復現。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時為了表達的需要，作者會先概述，再分述。概述時用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關系。如：【例1】However，this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students，and some of these ________ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. A．students B．adults C．scholars D．teachers

　　【解析】B　因adults是上文parents and teachers的上義詞，即這是上下義詞復現。故選B。

　　【例2】Other times，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ________：agriculture，diving and mathematics. A．questions B．subjects C．matters D．contents 【解析】B　由后文的agriculture，diving和mathematics可知答案選B。 9. 注意習慣用語，熟記常見句型答題時可以通過分析習慣用語、固定搭配等搭配關系和句子結構，進行有效的推理判斷，從而選出正確選項。因此，同學們平時要有意識地識記一些常用的習慣用語、固定搭配，學會分析句子結構。不僅要記憶這些搭配，還要學會靈活運用，準確判斷。對常見句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型在經過反復使用后，會形成一定的積極的思維定勢，這對確定題目答案很有幫助。【例】(2024天津卷) It was then ______ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【解析】D　句意為：正是那時起“我”才開始理解她要在家庭和工作之間平衡，做出決定有多艱難。此句強調句，對句子的時間狀語then進行強調，句式為：It is/was＋被強調部分＋that…。故選D項。高考完形填空所選文章都堪稱精品，其邏輯必是上下貫通，無懈可擊，其結構也必是自然有序，脈絡清晰。因此，做完一篇完形填空以后，考生心里對文章的線索、脈絡以及主旨、寓意等也應該有一種很“明朗”的感覺；如果做完以后，還是似懂非懂，猶如“霧里看花”，那就證明對文章的理解還有問題，還要復讀全文，驗證答案。

　　考生可以從文章的內在邏輯入手，看所選答案是否經得起推敲，是否能自然融入整個語篇，如果有游離于文章主旨之外或與整篇的邏輯相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。

　　10. 根據并列關系解題并列，就是指由and或or連接的并列成分(因果關系、類屬關系、同類關系、相對關系等)

　　(1)因果關系【例】These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows ___ and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. A．sickB．slim C．shortD．small 【解析】A　選項中只有sick才與pale有相關性(因果關系)，即因為“生病”，所以臉色才會“蒼白”，故選A。 (2)同類關系【例】Edgar Allan Poe，whose life was short and seemingly unhappy，wrote stories and poems of mystery and ________，insanity(瘋狂) and death. A．happiness B．science C．society D．terror

　　【解析】D　因為只有terror(恐怖)才與mystery(神秘)、insanity(瘋狂)和death(死亡)是表示同類意義的名詞，而不可能是與“happiness(幸福)”“science(科學)”或“society(社會)”并列，故選D。

　　(3)類屬關系【例】Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction，stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other______. A．accidents B．crimes C．events D．incidents

　　【解析】B　因為“murder(兇殺)”是各種“crimes(犯罪)”行為中的一種，所以與“murder(兇殺)”并列應是“其他各種犯罪行為”，故選B。

　　(4)相對關系【例】When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago，many people，rich and ________，gave him presents. A．ill B．healthy C．poor D．tall 【解析】C　因為由句意可知，應當是指“耶穌出生時，許多人，無論貧富，都給他禮物”，故選擇與rich相對意義的poor，即選C。

　　11. 根據找同現情形解題同現指意義上相互聯系的單詞同時出現在同一句話或同一語篇中，以確保語篇的和諧性、得體性。由于單詞意義的差別、所使用的語境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差異。 (1)場所同現【例】On ________ days，she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A．sunnyB．rainy C．cloudyD．snowy 【解析】D　由heavy clothes和woolen gloves可知選D。 (2)修飾同現【例】Although these wide modern roads are generally __1__ and well maintained，with little sharp curves and many straight __2__，a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one. 1．A.stable B．smooth C．splendid D．complicated 2．A.selections B．separations C．series D．sections

　　【解析】41.A　根據文章首句“通常來說，當各種活動變成常規的時候都會讓你覺得厭倦。”可知，這是一個原則、規律，我們可以在各個年齡段的人們身上發現這樣一個規律，故選A。 3. 根據上下文語境，合理推斷來解題【例1】(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)When parents bring home a pet, their child__48__bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the__49__of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great__50__but are soon looking forward to__51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many__52__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work，__53__drove for hours at a time when they first__54__their driver's licenses (執照)?

　　52．A.children B．students C．adults D．retirees 【解析】52.C　在前幾句里敘述了小孩子、上高中的青年和上大學的年輕人的情況之后，本句開始講述成年人的情況。根據下文提到的開車上班也可知此處說的是已經工作的成年人。故選C。

　　【例2】(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)We were asked to “__37__a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members，__38__， chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩)．

　　Just sitting in the wheelchair was a__39__experience. I had never considered before how__40__it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down，my__41__made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not__42__.

　　38. A．instead B．strangely C．as usual D．like me 【解析】38.D　前面提到每個人都需要選擇一個項目，有些人選擇了輪椅，有些人選擇了耳塞或眼罩。從下文可知，我也是選擇了輪椅。故選D。 4. 利用語篇標志解題常見語篇標志詞語：①結構層次：firstly，secondly，thirdly；②邏輯關系：thus，therefore，so；③遞進關系： besides，what's more，further; ④轉折關系：but，while，however，on the other hand等。抓住語篇標志有利于理清文章的網絡及上下文的聯系。因此在學習過程中要善于總結積累，注意分類學習。

　　【例】She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) ______ vacation，but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A．disappointing B．wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important

　　【解析】B　由but和heart-broken可知選B。

　　因此，我們要善于找出(“三找”):

　　一找：邏輯關系(轉折、讓步、解釋、對立、因果、并列、總分、遞進) 二找：NOT(在原文中找not) 三找：AND(在原文中找and)

　　5．利用文化背景知識和生活常識答題考生在做題時，若能積極地調動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節省寶貴的時間，順利地按照作者的思路閱讀下去。【例1】(2024陜西卷)Dad didn't come home as early as much as he used to, Mum and I became __33__ with him for placing our family in trouble. 33．A.satisfied B．delighted C．mad D．Strict 【解析】33.C　考查常識。父親讓家人陷入到困境中，作者和母親的正常反應應該是生氣。be mad with意為“對……很生氣”，符合語境。【例2】(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about__43__with their new toys.

　　43．A.working B．living C．playing D．going 【解析】43.C　由常識可知，孩子們在圣誕節早上會收到禮物，因此他們是在圣誕節早上玩玩具。故選C。【例3】…the girl was able to lead her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to ________. A．fly B．race C．swim D．sing 【解析】A　根據常識，人類可以race，swim 或sing，但是不會直接像鳥一樣振翅飛翔，因此小女孩不能教給鳥兒“飛翔”，故答案為A。 6. 利用慣用法和固定搭配解題所謂前后搭配(動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與其賓語的搭配、句式結構上的搭配和習語搭配等)。在解答完形填空時，充分考慮這些搭配關系，有助于我們作出正確選擇。 (1)動介搭配根據動詞與其后介詞的搭配關系來選擇一個恰當的動詞。【例】(2024廣東)On April 12,1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper ______ his brother for him and... A．foundB．misunderstood C．mistook D．judged 【解析】C　能與“X for Y”搭配的在四個選項中只有選項C，mistake X for Y意為“誤以為X是Y”，故選C。 (2)動賓搭配根據動詞與其賓語是否可以搭配、在意義上是否符合邏輯或常識來確定選用哪個動詞。【例1】 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to ________ the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who… A．establish B．form C．develop D．promote

　　【解析】A　在不定式短語中，賓語是“諾貝爾獎”，動詞該用哪一個？設立？形成？發展？促進？根據常識，能與“獎項”搭配的，在這四個選項中只有“設立”，故選A。

　　【例2】They couldn't read or write.They didn't like to work and they never ________ baths. A．took B．washed C．ran D．Covered 【解析】A　本題考查的是固定搭配，take a bath意為“洗澡”。

　　(3)句式搭配根據句式或句型的搭配來確定填哪一個詞。【例3】 The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to ________ your memory better. A．make B．turn C．let D．change

　　【解析】A　在四個選項中，能接“賓語＋形容詞作賓補”的只有選A，make your memory better意為“使你的記憶力變得更好”，故選A。

　　(4)習語搭配根據習慣用語的固定搭配來確定正確選項。

　　【例1】 Intellectual property (IP) (知識產權) is a product of the mind that has commercial value.The concept ________ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. A．holds B．dates C．sets D．Turns 【解析】 B　date back to是慣用短語，意為“追溯到”，故選B。

　　值得注意的是，解題時，不能一看到搭配就選答案，這樣往往容易出錯。因為有時單獨看空格前后或單獨看空格所在句，除正確答選項外，其他選項也可能與其前后構成搭配，這時，還需要根據上下文的意思和邏輯，同時也需要結合生活常識才能定奪。【例2】 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great ________ to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences. A．additions B．sacrifices C．changes D．contributions 【解析】D　四個選項都可構成習語搭配： make additions to“給……增加”；make sacrifices to“對……做出犧牲”；make changes to“對……作修改”；make contributions to“對……作貢獻”。但根據句意和常識，獎項應當獎給那些為和平、文學和科學“作出貢獻”的人，故選D。