3年高考2年模擬1年原創備戰2024高考精品系列之英語:專題03 形容詞和副詞(原卷版)
2024版3年高考2年模擬1年原創精品系列
專題03
形容詞和副詞
【2024年高考命題預測】
形容詞是英語中較為復雜的一種詞類,涉及的面比較廣。同時形容詞的形式變化靈活,如有原級、比較級和最高級等,而且用法比較復雜。
預測今后高考中對于形容詞的考查應注意以下幾點:形容詞的辨析,形容詞的原級、比較級和最高級,以及一些特別重要的固定句型結構,同時要注意多個形容詞修飾名詞時的排列順序等等。一般來說,副詞是英語中比較復雜的一類詞,它數量多、近義詞多、用法復雜,而且副詞的位置在句子中也是多變的。高考中對于副詞的考查不是單純地進行語法要點的考查,而是要通過具體的語境來進行分析和判斷。預測今后高考對于副詞的考查主要會出現在:副詞的近義詞的辨析;關于副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的句型;同根不同形的副詞;常考副詞的辨析;比較級前的修飾語等等。
【考點定位】2024考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布
【考點pk】
名師考點透析
考點1
、副詞的比較等級
1.形容詞或副詞的as...as結構 兩者相比,當A=B時,用"as+adj/adv.原級+as"來表示。如:
Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和湯姆跑得一樣快。
雙方相比“當A#B,或指A的程度較低時”用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原級+as”表示。如:
He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹學習努力。
2.形容詞或副詞的比較級+than 當雙方比較,A>B時,用“比較級+than”結構。當A不及B的程度時,用“less+adj. /adv.原 級+than”的結構?如:
①Blood is thicker than water.:適]血濃于水。
②Health is better than wealth.:適]健康勝過財富。
3.表示雙方相比,一方超過另一方,并強調超出的程度和數量時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語,如:even,much,very much,still,any,a lot,a bit,a little,far,yet,by far,a great deal,twice,three times,rather,slightly等,而very,quite,SO,fairly等詞不可修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級
A car runs a great deal faster than a truck.小汽車比卡車快得多。
4.“the+比較級,the+比較級”結構表示“越……越……”
The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.你賣的票越多,你得到的錢就會越多。
5.當三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時,用最高級這種句式中一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語;最高級可被序數詞以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not
quite,not really,nothing like等修飾。如:
The building being built now is by far the highest in the city.目前在建的那座大樓是本市最高的大樓。
6.比較級表示最高級含義
(1)比較級+than any other+可數名詞單數。如:
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中國,長江比其他任何一條河流都長。
⑵比較級+than all(the)other+可數名詞復數。如:
China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中國比亞洲的其他國家都大。
(3)no/never/nothing...+比較級。如:
Nothing is more valuable than time.時間比任何東西都珍貴。
⑷"否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+名詞"或“否定詞+副詞的比較級”表示從未……;未曾......?如:
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one.這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的。
考點2、
形容詞修飾名詞的位置
1.多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序
如果兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞,與被修飾的名詞關系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞,如果幾個形容詞的密切程度差不多,則音節少的形容詞在前,音節多的在后。它們的順序是:限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞)+數詞(序數詞,基數詞)+描繪性形容詞(nice,good,interesting,beautiful…)+特征形容詞(大小、長短、高低、形狀、年齡、新舊)+顏色形容詞+國籍、出處+物質、材料+用途、類別+中心名詞。我們可以用下面的一段順溜幫助記憶:
限數描、大長高,形狀年齡和新老。
顏色國籍出材料,作用類別往后靠。
在實際運用中,很少會同時出現這么多修飾詞,但我們必須記住以上規則,此外,還應當多閱讀,多體會,以增強語感。如:another three English books另外三本英語書;a beautiful white Chinese military jeep一輛漂亮的白色中國軍用吉普車
2.形容詞作定語后置的幾種情況
(1)當形容詞修飾由some,any,every構成的復合詞,如something,anything,nothing等時。 如:
Is there anything new in today's newspaper?今天的報紙上有什么新的東西嗎?
(2)當“形容詞+介詞/不定式'’構成的短語作定語時。如:
There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有滿滿一袋米。
⑶當兩個意義相反的形容詞用both...and...,and, or或so連接在一起作定語時。如:
People in the village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing.村里的男女老幼都喜愛唱歌跳舞。
(4)當old,long, high,wide, deep作狀語時表示伴隨、原因等,或是對主語進行解釋,可以看成是“being+形容詞”,位于句首、句中或句尾,表示伴隨時通常用逗號與其他成分隔開
①He lay in bed,wide awake.他躺在床上,完全清醒著。
②He went to bed,cold and hungry.他上床睡覺,又冷又餓。
2.副詞主要用作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、從句或整個句子。修飾整個句子時,可置于句首、句中或句尾
Fortunately,he escaped from the fire.他幸運地從大火中逃了出來。
3.有些副詞有兩種形式,其中一種形式與形容詞形式相同,另一種是在形容詞后加ly。這兩種形式的副詞在意義上有所不同:不帶的副詞往往表示的是具怵概念 也就是詞的本義; 加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是詞的引申義ose接近(指距離closely仔細地,密切地; free免費freely自由地,自如地;deep深地;deeply深刻地,深入地;wide充分(張開地, 寬闊地+widely廣泛地;high高地highly高度地,非常;late遲,晚ately最近,近來; near鄰近地nearly幾乎;most最mostly主要地。如:
He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我們學校運動會上跳得那么高,贏得了同學們的高度贊揚。
特別提示
一般說來,形容詞+ly構成的是副詞,如:deeply,highly,widely等;名詞+ly構成的是形容詞或名詞,如:friendly,brotherly,lovely,weekly,monthly等。
4.rather,very,quite,fairly的區別
(1)rather常用來修飾貶義的形容詞或副詞,如bad,poor,badly等;faily常用來修飾褒義的形容詞或副詞,如nice,well,clever等。如:
She is fairly clever,but does rather badly in her lessons.她很聰明,但她的功課做得相當差。
(2)如果修飾中性的形容詞或副詞,如easy,fast,thin等,fairly表示肯定的概念,即說話人的態度是贊美的、滿意的;而rather表示否定的概念,即說話人是不滿意的。如:
①soup is fairly hot.這湯還算熱。(表示喜歡熱湯)
②)The soup is rather hot.這湯太燙了。(表示討厭太燙的湯)
特別提示
rather可用在similar, different, too,介詞like,以及形容詞、副詞的比較級之前,也可修飾動詞,而fairly, quite則不能,但可以說quite better。如: 今天比昨天暖和得多。
【誤】It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.
【正】It is rather warmer today than yesterday.
(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深,表示主觀看法,可理解為“十分”。如:
The news is quite amazing.這個消息十分驚人。
⑷fairly只能用在不定冠詞之后;而quite和rather用于不定冠詞前、后皆可。如:
This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for us.對我們來說,這是一項相當繁重的工作。
另外,rather有時與褒義詞尤其是表示“好”的詞連用時,強調被修飾詞的程度,可與fairly,quite互換。如:Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.你的英語相當好。
高考經常考查形容詞的辨析和副詞的辨析,所以我們在學習中要注意近義詞的用法差異。以下是常見的幾組近義詞:alone,lonely;living,alive,live,lively;likely,possible,probable;no more than,not more than;no less than,not less than;too much,much too;no longer,no more;almost,nearly。
【三年高考】
116高考試題及其解析
2024年高考試題
【單項填空】
1.【2024·江蘇】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary
2.【2024·浙江】13. A sudden stop can be a very
frightening experience , ______ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. eventually
B. strangely
C. merely
D. especially
3.【2024·浙江】16. In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific
B. permanent
C. abstract
D. universal
【語法填空】
1.【2024·全國新課標I】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
【2024·全國新課標II】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
【2024·全國新課標III】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which
46
(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
【2024·上海】(B)
Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be.
【2024·四川】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
hinese scientists 42
(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43
(care)mother.
【短文改錯】
1.【2024·全國新課標I】短文改錯(10 分)
Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
.【2024·全國新課標III】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
They were also the best and worse years in my life.
3.【2024·四川】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.
【2024·浙江】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.
It was both excited and frightening to be up there!
一、單項填空
1.【2024·浙江】13. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was
alive.
A. steadily
B. instantly
C. formerly
D. permanently
2.【2024·浙江】14. Listening is thus an active, not a
, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate
B. sensitive
C. reliable
D. passive
3.【2024·四川】9.Little Tom sat
watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze
B. amazing
C. amazed
D. to amaze
4.【2024·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is
he has ever got.
A. a better
B. the better
C. a best
D. the best
5.【2024·福建】23.It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless
B. considerate C. patient D. generous
6.【2024·江蘇】31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive
B. complicated
C. conscious
D. crucial
7.【2024·安徽】26.I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special
B. superior
C. grateful
D. attractive
8.【2024·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally
B. sincerely
C. personally
D. deliberately
9.【2024·湖北】29.The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually
B. usually
C. previously
D. merely
10.【2024·湖北】27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.
A. accurate
B. punctual
C. efficient
D. reasonable
11.【2024·湖北】28.I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.
A. faithful
B. parallel
C. relevant
D. similar
二、語法填空
1.[2024·全國卷Ⅱ]
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.
As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
2.[2024·全國卷I]
But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with
________(it) choking smog.
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
三、短文改錯
1.【2024·陜西】My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.
I thought the biscuits were really well.
2. 【2024·新課標全國】Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
3.【2024·】On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
【2024·新課標全國I】Mom said,How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ”