2024屆高考英語考前沖刺:常考知識串講

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            2024屆高考英語考前沖刺:常考知識串講

              2024屆高考英語考前沖刺常考知識串講

              第1講

              一、Language Points

              1. share v. 分享、合用:share sth with sb

              n. 一份,股份

              spare a. 業余的,備用的:spare time, a spare tire

              v. 抽出,勻給:spare me five minutes/

              spare one of sandwiches for the boy

              spare no efforts:不遺余力

              spare no expense:不惜工本

              save v. 節省,救出

              2. He felt lucky to have survived the war.

              3.

              with sb about/over sth:和某人就某事爭論

              argue for/against sth:贊成/反對…

              Sb into/out of (doing) sth:說服某人做/不做某事

              4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to

              +賓+賓補(do/doing/done)

              get sb to do sth

              have+賓+賓補(to do/to be done)

              5. So+同一主語+助動詞

              So/neither/nor+助動詞+另一主語

              So it is/was with+另一主語

              6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done

              7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause

              besides/in addition

              apart from

              but for=without

              8. The first time+從句

              For the first time:作時間狀語

              It’s the first time+that-clause(完成時)

              the first+名詞+to do

              9. most

              most of the

              +n.(pl)/pron.

              the majority of (the)

              mostly: 主要地(狀)

              10. be equal to sth:與…相等

              be equal to (doing) sth:勝任(做)某事

              equal sth:與…相等

              equal sb in sth:在…方面與某人匹敵

              11. compare…to/with…

              compared to/with…

              12. a great many

              several/two dozen/hundred

              +n.(pl.)

              (many) dozens of

              a great many of

              +the/these/those+n.(pl.)

              seveal/two dozen of

              +pron.

              13. much too+adj/adv(原級)

              too much+n.(u.)

              too many+n.(pl.)

              14.

              沒有被動態

              come about(主要用于疑問句、否定句)

              happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)

              sth+

              take place(多表示有組織、有計劃)

              break out(指戰爭、災害、疾病等的爆發)

              occur(與happen通用)

              It occurs to sb that/to do…:某人突然想起…

              15.

              n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase

              to do:表將來

              With+賓+賓補

              doing:表正在進行

              Done:表過去

              16. 強調句型的判斷方法:如果將句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉,原句通順則是強調句,否則就不是強調句。例:

              It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.

              二、語法專題──名詞的考點

              1. 考查可數名詞和不可數名詞,尤其是許多不可數名詞在一定情況下變為可數名詞。

              2. 考查名詞的格,即 ’s所有格,of所有格或雙重所有格。

              3. 名詞作定語。

              4. 名詞及名詞短語的辨析。

              5. 名詞與介詞,冠詞,動詞的搭配。

              三、題型歸納──辨析型單項填空

              1. 名詞的辨析

              名詞的辨析首先要注意名詞單復數的意義區別,如parent指父親或母親,而parents指父母雙親;people指人們,而a people指民族。其次注意可數與不可數時的意義區別,如: exercise指鍛煉;而exercises指練習題或練習操;再次,注意同義名詞或近義名詞的區別,如:: event指發生的重大事件、體育項目;incident指偶發事件;而accident指意外事件。最后還要注意近形詞的區別,如: cloth指布;cloths指各種不同用途的布;clothes指衣服(復數),clothing衣服(總稱)。

              2. 動詞的辨析

              對于動詞的辨析,首先要了解動詞的及物與不及物,如: reply意為“回答,答復”后面接名詞時需接介詞to, 此時為不及物動詞;后接從句時,則為及物動詞。其次是要弄清動詞的詞義區別,如: advise與persuade, 前者指勸說、勸告,強調過程;而后者指說服,強調結果。最后還要區別各種非謂語動詞間的意義和用法:動詞的v-ing形式表示正在進行或伴隨的動作;v-ed形式表示完成或被動;to do形式表示即將進行的動作等。

              3. 形容詞、副詞的辨析

              對于形容詞、副詞,一是要注意近義詞間的區別,如: clever指對問題處理的圓滑;bright指對問題的反應快;wise指選擇的正確等。此外,如wide與broad; strong與powerful; interesting與interested; exciting與excited等。二是注意同形的形容詞和副詞,如: close作形容詞時意為“親密的”;作副詞時意為“接近,靠攏”。三是注意同根副詞的區別,如: hard與hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地;而后者意為幾乎不。四是注意副詞形式的形容詞,如: friendly, lovely, lively實際上是形容詞,切不可當作副詞使用。五是注意形容詞的位置區別,如: present+n.與n.+present,前者指當前的;而后者指在場的。

              4. 介詞的辨析

              對介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手,一是介詞的詞義,如: across, through, past, over為動作介詞,across強調從表面橫過,越過;through強調從空間穿過;past強調從側面、旁邊經過;over強調從空中越過而不接觸,也可以表示越過一段距離、空間等。此外,如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的區別。

              5. 連詞的辨析

              連詞的區別主要在于:一是連詞的意義,如:when, while與as; because, since與for; whether與if; though, as與although等。二是注意時間名詞短語轉化而成的連詞,如: every/each time; the first/second…time; the moment; the minute等,它們都可作連詞,連接從句。三是注意副詞轉化而成的連詞,如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意連詞的詞序,如: only if與if only, 前者意為“只要”,后者意為“要是…就好了”。

              6. 代詞的辨析

              代詞的辨析包括不定代詞,如: other, others, the other, the others, another等;人稱代詞,如: one, it, that等和關系代詞,如: which與that; which與as; whose與prep.+which/whom等。

              1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend?

              A. allow

              B. consent C. agree

              D. approve

              2. After the big fire, the house was completely____.

              A. ruined

              B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled

              3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____.

              A. living

              B. alive

              C. lively

              D. live

              4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.

              A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of

              5. It’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job.

              A. electric

              B. electrical C. elctron

              D. electricity

              6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.

              A. hang

              B. hanging

              C. hung

              D. hanged

              7. On New Year’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.

              A. clothes

              B. clothing

              C. cloth

              D. cloths

              8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information.

              A. late, latest B. lately, last C. late, last

              D. latest, latest

              9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesn’t know it either.

              A. What good B. How good

              C. What a good

              D. How much good

              10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.

              A. Hardly

              B. Directly

              C. mostly

              D. Nearly

              11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become___ her?

              A. from

              B. of

              C. into

              D. /

              12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow?

              A. visit

              B. to visit

              C. visiting

              D. visited

              13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea.

              A. in

              B. across

              C. from in

              D. across from

              14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be____ each time you use it to help you work.

              A. for

              B. of

              C. at

              D. on

              15. I thought he was not____ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.

              A. something B. anything

              C. somebody D. anybody

              16. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no____ but to take a taxi.

              A. way

              B. choice

              C. possibility D. selection

              17. ____ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.

              A. Tens of thousands of

              B. Tens upon thousands of

              C. Tens in thousands

              D. Ten thousands of

              18. The farmers plan to produce three times____ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.

              A. of crop as much this year as B. as much crop this year as

              C. as more crop this year as

              D. much crop this year than

              19. I think the house is____ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable.

              A. too

              B. rather

              C. fairly

              D. a little

              20. His mother dislikes him, for he____ lies.

              A. tells B. is always telling C. has told

              D. always told

              1-5 ABBDB

              6-10 BBAAB

              11-15 BBDBB

              16-20 BABCB

              第2講

              一、Language points

              1.

              sb./sth.+adj/n

              sb./sth.+to do

              consider(以為,認為)+ sb./sth.+as

              that-clause

              n.

              consider(考慮)+

              doing

              疑問詞+to do sth

              “把…當作…”的譯法:consider…as

              =think of/look on/take/regard/treat/have…as

              2.

              to do

              A way+

              of doing

              (that/in which)+定語從句

              A method of doing sth

              by this means

              You can solve the problem+

              with this method

              in this way

              by means of:通過…方式,以…手段

              by this/that means:通過這種/那種方式

              by all means:務必,一定;(用于回答)當然行,請

              by no means:決不,一點也不(用于句首時用倒裝)

              3. protect…(from) doing sth

              prevent/stop…(from) doing sth

              keep…from doing

              keep…doing

              under the potection of…

              4. as well

              as well as

              might/may as well=had better

              5.

              to do

              specially+

              for-phrase

              especially

              6.

              along the river:沿著河流

              over the river:在河的正上方

              through the forest:穿過森林

              by the river:在河邊

              on the bank:在河岸上

              7.

              follow the instructions

              follow one’s advice

              as follows

              8. be responsible to sb for sth

              9.

              n.

              doing/to do sth

              sb to do sth

              prefer+

              sth to sth

              doing A to doing B

              to do A rather than do sth

              that sb (should) do sth

              10.

              n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another

              一個接一個(強調動作的重復)

              n. +by +n.: 一個接一個(強調動作的變化)

              tree after tree/day by day

              11.

              say “hi” to sb.

              Please remember me to sb.

              向“某人”問好

              Send my regards to sb.

              Send the best wishes to sb.

              12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主動式,與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關系,所以當不定式的動詞是不及物動詞時,則應在其后加上適當的介詞。

              主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sth

              eg. This question is difficult to answer.

              =It’s difficult to answer the question.

              The man is hard to work with.=It’s hard to work with the man.

              當不定式用作定語時,與其所修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系,且主語為該動作的執行者時,也常常用主動形式。

              Eg. He wants water to drink.

              She has a room to live in.

              I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?

              二、語法專題──冠詞的考點

              1. 考查冠詞的一些基本用法,例如:復數名詞、不可數名詞表示泛指不用任何冠詞;the+單數名詞表類指;a/an+單數名詞表泛指。

              2. 考查冠詞的習慣用法。如:in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。

              3. 考查冠詞的活用。如:抽象名詞的具體化,a success; a/an+專有名詞表泛指,an Edison。

              4. 考查零冠詞的用法。

              三、題型歸納──結構型單項填空

              結構型試題常表現在句子中某些成分的省略、標點符號的出現、倒裝或插入其他成分使前后分離等,從而引起句子結構的變化,擾亂對句子的判斷。

              有省略的復合句。由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動詞的省略,導致對不定式作狀語產生誤解。

              標點符號的影響。由于受漢語習慣的影響,往往會因為句子中的標點符號,弄錯句子的結構。

              插入語的影響。有些句子由于中間插入了某些成分,而使句子顯得支離破碎,造成對句子結構的誤解。

              倒裝句型的基本結構:(1)完全倒裝;(2)部分倒裝:1)在特殊疑問句和一般疑問句中;2)so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情態動詞+主語;3)當虛擬語氣的條件從句中省略if時,were, had, 和should應置于句首,采用倒裝結構;4)表示祝愿的句子:may+主語+動詞原形;5)as, though引導讓步狀語從句時:提前部分+as+主語+謂語動詞;6)表示否定意義的副詞、介詞短語和連詞詞組置于句首;7)當not until+時間狀語從句置于句首時,主句應采用倒裝結構,而從句仍用正常語序;8)not only…but also…連接兩個句子時,第一個句子采用倒裝結構,第二個句子不采用倒裝結構;9)no sooner…tham…, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”,強調過去的兩個動作接連發生,當no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首時,主句常把had置于主語之前,采用倒裝結構,但從句不倒裝。 10)only+副詞/介詞短語/賓語/時間狀語從句置于句首時,常采用倒裝,但only+主語則不應采用倒裝;11)在so/such…that…引導的結果狀語從句中,將so+adj./adv.或such置于句首時,其主句常采用倒裝結構。

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