2024屆高考英語一輪基礎知識復習：Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”（新人教版必修3）

　　Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　Considering Australia's size and the fact that early settlements were far apart, Australian society is remarkably homogeneous ( 同種的). Its citizens are fundamentally prosperous and the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same however many miles divide them. It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents.

　　However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city settlers and the country people. Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities along the coast and has little more_than_a_passing_familiarity_with_the_desert. The major cities preserve images of colonial heritage, but the overall impression is modern, with new buildings reflecting the country's youth. In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative. For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheep's back”， a reference to wool being the country's main money earner. However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的) . Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world. Newer industries such as tourism and wine making are also increasingly important. Australians are generally friendly and relaxed, with a modest sense of humor.

　　Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origins. Within only one generation of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, Australia had become a nation of immigrants. Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere. Australia's liberal postwar immigration policies led to a flowing of survivors from war-torn Europe, most notably Greeks, Italians, Poles and Germans.

　　The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia. Today Australia is a “mixture of nations” and although some racism exists, it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is reasonably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural communities in the world.

　　文章大意：本文是說明文。文章介紹了澳大利亞社會的各個方面，經濟，移民，生活等。

　　1．What does the writer mean by saying “has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert” in the second paragraph?

　　A．The major population has a close relationship with the desert.

　　B．The fast-paced cities are just located by the desert.

　　C．The major population knows little about the desert.

　　D．The major population is familiar with the people living in the desert.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據文中第二段的句子Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities along the coast 和 In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative與所給句子中的關鍵詞little、familiarity、desert可推斷大部分人不了解沙漠。故選C。

　　2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The pace of life in the city is different from that in the country.

　　B．One third of people living in Australia come from Europe.

　　C．The Australian economy is dependent on sheep exports.

　　D．Most Australians have ancestors who were prisoners.

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段的Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere排除B；根據文章第二段的However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的). Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world排除C；根據文章第三段的Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origin排除D；根據文中第二段的第二句話Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities和該段第四句話In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative.可知城市生活和鄉村生活是不一樣的。故選A。

　　3．What used to be Australia's main money earner?

　　A．Wheat.

　　B．Wool.

　　C．Tourism.

　　D．Diamond.

　　答案：B　細節理解題。Wheat小麥；Wool羊毛；Tourism旅游業；Diamond鉆石。根據題干關鍵詞 used to be Australia's main money earner找到文中對應句子是文中第二段的句子For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheep's back”， a reference to wool being the country's main money earner可知羊毛是過去澳大利亞人主要的經濟來源。故選B。

　　4．We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A．nothing about Australia's colonial part in modern cities can be seen by visitors

　　B．tourism and wine making resulted in fast development in rural communities only

　　C．immigrants from Europe have brought racial problems

　　D．Australia's recent immigration policy encourages immigrants from Southeast Asia

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第一句The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.可知現在的澳大利亞大多是東南亞的移民。故選D。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2024·安徽)

　　In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

　　How did we __3__ a throwaway society? First of all，it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造業) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__.

　　Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people，we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.

　　Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

　　All around the world，we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__，this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem.

　　Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

　　文章大意：文章講述了拋棄型消費社會的表現、成因、危害以及解決措施；旨在呼吁人們轉變消費觀念，為環保盡一份自己的力量。

　　1．A.key

　　B．reason

　　C．project

　　D．problem

　　答案：D　詞匯復現題。根據文章內容可知，本文主要講述了人們把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，從而導致垃圾堆積成山這一問題，文章倒數第二段最后一句中的．..this is not enough to solve(解決)our problem.和倒數第三段的第一句．..to the problem亦有暗示。故選D項。

　　2．A.gifts

　　B.rubbish

　　C．debt

　　D.products

　　答案：B　詞匯復現題。根據下文的because people are throwing out more

　　rubbish than ever before.即人們比過去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，這里說的是“垃圾山”日益壯大，故選B項。

　　3．A.face

　　B.become

　　C．observe

　　D.change

　　答案：B　句意為：我們是怎樣變成一個拋棄型消費社會的呢？face意為“面對”；become意為“變成”；observe意為“觀察；遵守”；change意為“改變”。根據語境可知，B項正確。

　　4．A.hide

　　B.control

　　C．replace

　　D.withdraw

　　答案：C　句意為：現在替換一件物品比花時間和金錢去修理它更容易。hide意為“躲藏；隱藏”；control意為“控制”；replace意為“取代；替代”；withdraw意為“撤退；收回”。根據語境可知，上文提到人們習慣把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，即這里是指買新的東西來替換用壞的東西，故選C項。

　　5．A.Thanks to

　　B.As to

　　C．Except for

　　D.Regardless of

　　答案：A　句意為：由于現代制造業和技術的發展，公司能夠快速而廉價地生產出產品。thanks to意為“幸虧；由于”；as to意為“關于；至于”；except for意為“除了……以外”；regardless of意為“不管；不顧”。根據前后邏輯關系可知，“現代制造業和技術”與“公司能夠快速而廉價地生產出產品”之間是因果關系，因此A項正確。

　　6．A.safe

　　B.funny

　　C．cheap

　　D.powerful

　　答案：C　詞匯復現題。根據上文．..companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，產品豐富又便宜。故選C項。

　　7．A.love

　　B.lack

　　C．prevention

　　D.division

　　答案：A　根據下文人們總是想方設法去節約時間、讓生活更輕松以及許多公司生產了大量一次性產品可知，我們喜歡用一次性產品，故選A項。lack意為“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意為“預防；阻止”；division意為“分開；除法”。

　　8．A.sensitive

　　B.kind

　　C．brave

　　D.busy

　　答案：D　詞匯復現題。由下文的to save time可知人們很“忙碌”，故選D項。sensitive意為“敏感的；靈敏的”；kind意為“善良的”；brave意為“勇敢的”。

　　9．A.ways

　　B.places

　　C．jobs

　　D.friends

　　答案：A　句意為：作為忙碌的人們，我們總是在想方設法來節省時間、讓生活更輕松。上文說人們喜歡使用一次性產品就是他們為節省時間所尋找的“方法”。故選A項。

　　10．A.donate

　　B.receive

　　C．produce

　　D.preserve

　　答案：C　句意為：公司生產出成千上萬種不同的一次性產品。donate意為“捐贈；捐獻”；receive意為“收到；接收”；produce意為“生產；創作”；preserve意為“保存；保護”。由語境可知，公司為喜歡用一次性產品的消費人群“生產”出多種一次性產品，故選C項。

　　11．A.adapts

　　B.returns

　　C．responds

　　D.contributes

　　答案：D　句意為：我們對新產品的嗜好也促成了這一問題的產生。adapt to意為“適應”；return to意為“返回”；respond to意為“對……作出回應”；contribute to意為“促成；有助于”。根據語境可知，人們對新產品的嗜好，即喜新厭舊的態度，對隨手丟棄的問題起到火上澆油的作用。故選D項。

　　12．A.tired of

　　B.addicted to

　　C．worried about

　　D.ashamed for

　　答案：B　句意為：我們對購買新產品上了癮。be tired of意為“對……厭倦，厭煩”；be addicted to意為“沉溺于；對……上癮”；be worried about意為“為……擔心”；be ashamed for意為“對……感到慚愧(羞愧)”。根據語境可知我們買新產品上癮，故答案為B項。

　　13．A.newer

　　B.stronger

　　C．higher

　　D.larger

　　答案：A　詞匯復現題。句意為：廣告勸說我們更新的產品會更好，而且使用了最新的產品，我們也會更開心。根據下文的．..we will be happier with the latest products.可知答案應選A項。

　　14．A.pick up

　　B.pay for

　　C．hold onto

　　D.throw away

　　答案：D　詞匯復現題。句意為：結果，我們扔掉了有用的東西以便為新買的東西騰出地方。pick up意為“拾起，撿起；獲得”；pay for意為“為……而付報酬”；hold onto意為“緊緊抓住；抓住不放”；throw away意為“扔掉”。根據下文to make room for new ones可知應選D項。

　　15．A.advantages

　　B.purposes

　　C.functions

　　D.consequences

　　答案：D　詞匯復現題。句意為：在世界各地，我們都可以看到這種拋棄型生活方式所產生的后果。advantage意為“優勢；有利條件；利益”；purpose意為“目的”；function意為“功能；作用”；consequence意為“結果；后果”。根據下文的Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，垃圾山越來越大就是這種拋棄型生活方式帶來的后果。D項符合語境。

　　16．A.show

　　B.record

　　C．decrease

　　D.measure

　　答案：C　句意為：為了減少垃圾數量，保護環境，越來越多的政府要求人們回收利用材料。根據語境可知政府要求人們回收利用舊物質材料的目的是為了“減少”垃圾的數量。故選C項。

　　17．A.technology

　　B.environment

　　C.consumers

　　D.brands

　　答案：B　根據語境和生活常識可知，減少垃圾數量，回收利用舊物質材料都是為了保護“環境”。故選B項。

　　18．A.However

　　B．Otherwise

　　C.Therefore D．Meanwhile

　　答案：A　句意為：可是，這不足以能夠解決我們所面臨的問題。根據上下文邏輯關系，設空前后兩句之間有轉折關系。however意為“然而；可是”，符合語境。otherwise意為“否則”；therefore意為“因此”；meanwhile意為“同時；其間”。

　　19．A.by

　　B.in favour of

　　C.after D.instead of

　　答案：D　句意為：我們需要修理我們的東西而不是把它們扔掉。根據語境可知，作者對于亂扔東西是不贊成的，建議人們應該盡可能去修理它們。instead of在此意為“而不是”，符合語境。in favor of意為“支持；贊成”，與作者的意圖相去甚遠。

　　20．A.spending

　　B.collecting

　　C．repairing D.advertising

　　答案：A　詞匯復現題。句意為：我們也需要重新思考我們的消費觀。根據下文的．..and changing our spending habits可知，A項符合語境，spending意為“花錢；消費”。

　　.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·吉林省吉林市第三次調測)

　　People can often see a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone's home. The parrot has learned

　　__1__(copy) sounds that people make. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants __2__

　　this list of copycats (盲目的模仿者)．

　　Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist, __3__ studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises __4__(make) by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was __5__ 8-year-old African elephant __6__ it lived near a highway.

　　Dr. Poole says that she couldn't tell the difference between Mlaika's call and the

　　__7__(distance) truck noise. Why did __8__ copy the sounds of the trucks driving by? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy

　　__9__(practice) new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds.

　　So far Dr. Poole __10__(spend) 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants make sounds like birds to talk with one another.