2024屆高考英語一輪基礎語法專項訓練:專題一 《名詞》(人教版)
名詞
1. Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspectiveB.priority
C.participation
D.privilege
答案 A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:從城市青年的角度寫的詩歌往往揭示他們因缺乏歸屬感而焦慮的現狀。A項“角度”;B項“優先考慮的事”;C項“參加”;D項“特權”。根據句意可知選A項。2. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
A.share B.chance
C.turn
D.lead
答案 C考查名詞的固定搭配。句意:受到其他飲食文化的啟發,美國飲食文化有望好轉。take a turn for the better為固定短語,意為“好轉”。3. Carbon dioxide, which makes a between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A.difference B.comparison
C.connection
D.barrier
答案D
[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:二氧化碳在我們和太陽之間設置了屏障,使得熱量無法輕易從大氣層散發出去,結果地球變得更暖和了。A項“不同,差別”;B項“比較”;C項“聯系”;D項“障礙”。根據句意可知選D項。4. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
A.curiosity
B.satisfaction
C.envy
D.patience
答案 D考查名詞辨析。句意:無論我什么時候犯錯誤,老師都耐心地把它們指出來。curiosity意思是“好奇”;satisfaction意思是“滿意”;envy意思是“羨慕,嫉妒”;patience意思是“耐心”。根據句意,選D。5. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
答案A
[考查主謂一致。句意:一般說來,學生的內在動機和來自于他人的高期望值對他們的發展是必要的。此處考查主謂一致中的就前原則,除了with外,還有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根據就前原則,謂語動詞的數應與inner motivation一致,因此使用單數形式,排除B項和D項。然后根據generally確定使用一般現在時,因此答案為A。6. As the world’s population continues to grow,the of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A.worth B.supply C.package D.list
答案 B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:隨著世界人口的持續增加,食物供應越來越受人們關注。worth價值,用途;supply供應;package包裹;list名單,清單。故選B。7. The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A.harm
B.injury
C.ruin
D.damage
答案 D考查名詞辨析。句意:這起事故對我的車造成了一些損傷,但是并不嚴重。A項指各種傷害、危害。常構成do harm to結構;B項指傷口,多指人體上的傷害;C項表示毀滅;D項多用于物品的損壞,是可以復原的。故選D。8. While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.
A.way
B.relation
C.taste
D.habit
答案 C考查名詞辨析。句意:在巴黎時,她對美術產生了興趣。way方法,道路;relation關系,親戚;taste味道,品味,欣賞;habit習慣。根據句意選C。9. In order to protect the environment,people are greatly encouraged to travel by public_____.
A.transport B.service
C.means D.transfer
答案 A句意:為了保護環境,人們被鼓勵乘公交車。transport“交通,運輸”;public transport“公共交通”,是固定搭配;service“服務”;means“方法,方式”;transfer“轉移,調動”。10.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A.consequence
B.independence
C.competence
D.intelligence
答案 C句意:為了保持專業能力,老師們需要不斷更新知識。consequence“結果,后果”;independence“獨立,自主”;competence“能力,技能”;intelligence“智力,智慧”。11.There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A.tradition B.balance
C.concern D.relationship
答案 Atradition“傳統,慣例”;balance“天平,平衡”;concern“關心,掛念”;relationship“關系”。句意:在我們辦公室里有一個傳統,有人過生日,他們就會拿蛋糕與眾人分享。根據句意A項正確。12.Anyway,I can't cheat him—it's against all my ________.
A.emotions
B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions
答案 Bemotion“情感”;principle“原理,原則”;regulation“管理,規則”;opinion“觀點,看法”。句意:無論如何,我不能欺騙他,那違背了我的處事原則。故選B項。13.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major________of global climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning D.reflection
答案 Bresult“結果”;cause“原因,理由”,常與介詞of搭配,表示“……的原因”;warning“警告,警報,先兆”;reflection“反應,反射”。由空前的“缺少生態環保的習慣”與空后的of global climate change可推知,此處應用cause表示“全球氣候變化的原因”。句意:公眾缺少生態環保的習慣被認為是全球氣候變化的一個主要原因。14.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________, but now I know it was the best decision I have ever made.
A.project B.commitment
C.competition D.ambition
答案 B本題考查名詞辨析。句意:放棄工作再回到全日制教育中去是一個很大的挑戰,但是現在看來,那是我做出的最好的決定。project“工程”;commitment“重擔,義務”;competition“競爭”;ambition“野心”。根據常識判斷,一個不容易做的事情常被看作是一個挑戰,一項難以完成的任務或一份重擔。故B項符合句意。.Have you heard the traffic________that happened in Yatai Street last week?
A.accident B.affair
C.incident D.event
答案 A根據句意可知應選A項,traffic accident意為“交通事故”。affair“事物,事件,私事”;incident“事件,事變”,用于表示突發事件或偶發事件;event“重要的事情,大事”。
名詞
1. Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspectiveB.priority
C.participation
D.privilege
答案 A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:從城市青年的角度寫的詩歌往往揭示他們因缺乏歸屬感而焦慮的現狀。A項“角度”;B項“優先考慮的事”;C項“參加”;D項“特權”。根據句意可知選A項。2. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
A.share B.chance
C.turn
D.lead
答案 C考查名詞的固定搭配。句意:受到其他飲食文化的啟發,美國飲食文化有望好轉。take a turn for the better為固定短語,意為“好轉”。3. Carbon dioxide, which makes a between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A.difference B.comparison
C.connection
D.barrier
答案D
[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:二氧化碳在我們和太陽之間設置了屏障,使得熱量無法輕易從大氣層散發出去,結果地球變得更暖和了。A項“不同,差別”;B項“比較”;C項“聯系”;D項“障礙”。根據句意可知選D項。4. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
A.curiosity
B.satisfaction
C.envy
D.patience
答案 D考查名詞辨析。句意:無論我什么時候犯錯誤,老師都耐心地把它們指出來。curiosity意思是“好奇”;satisfaction意思是“滿意”;envy意思是“羨慕,嫉妒”;patience意思是“耐心”。根據句意,選D。5. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
答案A
[考查主謂一致。句意:一般說來,學生的內在動機和來自于他人的高期望值對他們的發展是必要的。此處考查主謂一致中的就前原則,除了with外,還有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根據就前原則,謂語動詞的數應與inner motivation一致,因此使用單數形式,排除B項和D項。然后根據generally確定使用一般現在時,因此答案為A。6. As the world’s population continues to grow,the of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A.worth B.supply C.package D.list
答案 B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:隨著世界人口的持續增加,食物供應越來越受人們關注。worth價值,用途;supply供應;package包裹;list名單,清單。故選B。7. The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A.harm
B.injury
C.ruin
D.damage
答案 D考查名詞辨析。句意:這起事故對我的車造成了一些損傷,但是并不嚴重。A項指各種傷害、危害。常構成do harm to結構;B項指傷口,多指人體上的傷害;C項表示毀滅;D項多用于物品的損壞,是可以復原的。故選D。8. While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.
A.way
B.relation
C.taste
D.habit
答案 C考查名詞辨析。句意:在巴黎時,她對美術產生了興趣。way方法,道路;relation關系,親戚;taste味道,品味,欣賞;habit習慣。根據句意選C。9. In order to protect the environment,people are greatly encouraged to travel by public_____.
A.transport B.service
C.means D.transfer
答案 A句意:為了保護環境,人們被鼓勵乘公交車。transport“交通,運輸”;public transport“公共交通”,是固定搭配;service“服務”;means“方法,方式”;transfer“轉移,調動”。10.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A.consequence
B.independence
C.competence
D.intelligence
答案 C句意:為了保持專業能力,老師們需要不斷更新知識。consequence“結果,后果”;independence“獨立,自主”;competence“能力,技能”;intelligence“智力,智慧”。11.There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A.tradition B.balance
C.concern D.relationship
答案 Atradition“傳統,慣例”;balance“天平,平衡”;concern“關心,掛念”;relationship“關系”。句意:在我們辦公室里有一個傳統,有人過生日,他們就會拿蛋糕與眾人分享。根據句意A項正確。12.Anyway,I can't cheat him—it's against all my ________.
A.emotions
B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions
答案 Bemotion“情感”;principle“原理,原則”;regulation“管理,規則”;opinion“觀點,看法”。句意:無論如何,我不能欺騙他,那違背了我的處事原則。故選B項。13.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major________of global climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning D.reflection
答案 Bresult“結果”;cause“原因,理由”,常與介詞of搭配,表示“……的原因”;warning“警告,警報,先兆”;reflection“反應,反射”。由空前的“缺少生態環保的習慣”與空后的of global climate change可推知,此處應用cause表示“全球氣候變化的原因”。句意:公眾缺少生態環保的習慣被認為是全球氣候變化的一個主要原因。14.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________, but now I know it was the best decision I have ever made.
A.project B.commitment
C.competition D.ambition
答案 B本題考查名詞辨析。句意:放棄工作再回到全日制教育中去是一個很大的挑戰,但是現在看來,那是我做出的最好的決定。project“工程”;commitment“重擔,義務”;competition“競爭”;ambition“野心”。根據常識判斷,一個不容易做的事情常被看作是一個挑戰,一項難以完成的任務或一份重擔。故B項符合句意。.Have you heard the traffic________that happened in Yatai Street last week?
A.accident B.affair
C.incident D.event
答案 A根據句意可知應選A項,traffic accident意為“交通事故”。affair“事物,事件,私事”;incident“事件,事變”,用于表示突發事件或偶發事件;event“重要的事情,大事”。