2024高考英語人教版一輪學案：必修三 Unit4 Astronomy： the science of the stars
Unit4 Astronomy： the science of the stars
1、 harmful adj.根據語境猜詞義
(1) Fruit juices can be_harmful_to children's teeth.
(2) Many households products are potentially harmful.
根據語義找匹配：A. 有害的 B. 危害
(1) A (2) B
harm n. 傷害；
損害 vt. 傷害……；
損害……
harmless adj. 無害的；
無惡意的
do sb. harm ＝ do harm to sb. 對某人有害
be harmful to 對……有害
It does no harm to do sth. /There is no harm (in) doing sth. 不妨做某事
It wouldn't do sb. any harm to do sth. 做某事對某人并無害處
No harm done! (對別人做錯事的一種勸慰) 沒事兒！ 不要緊！
單詞拼寫
(1) Your smoking may be harmful (有害) to the health of your baby.
(2) The storm has done great harm (有害) to the crops.
(3) The dog seems fierce, but actually he's harmless.
2、prevent v.
根據語境猜詞義
(1) The heavy rain prevented us (from) going to school.
(2) They have been prevented by the traffic jam from going there on time.
根據語義找匹配：A. 阻礙 B. 阻止
(1) B (2) A
“阻止某人做某事”的幾種表達式：
ban sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
單項填空
()(1) We must take firm and efficient measures to prevent pollution ______our life even better.
A. to make
B. making
C. make
D. against making
A 考查非謂語動詞的使用。本題的語義是： 為了使我們的生活更加美好，我們必須采取果斷而卓有成效的措施阻止污染。根據語境非謂語動詞在本句是目的狀語，所以答案是A。本題極容易造成學生們的思維定勢而誤選B。
()(2) We'll spare no effort to prevent the river ______.
A. from polluting
B. polluting
C. being polluted
D. polluted
C 考查非謂語動詞的使用。本題的語義是：我們將不遺余力地阻止河流污染。根據語境河流與污染形成了被動關系，所以答案是C。
3、develop v.
根據語境猜詞義
(1) We should develop the habit of reading, because reading can develop the mind.
(2) Shanghai has developed into a commercial center of our country.
(3) We must develop many more new products in order to satisfy the demands of market.
根據語義找匹配：A. 養成(習慣) B. 發展 C. 開發
(1) A (2) B (3) C
developed adj. 發達的
developing adj. 發展中的
development n. 發展
用develop的正確形式填空
With the development of science and technology, some developing countries have developed into developed ones.
4、puzzle n．&v.
根據語境猜詞義
(1) It's a puzzle to me why he hasn't come for my birthday party.
(2) Can you help me out with the math puzzle?
(3) Her word puzzled him.
(4) I was puzzled how to handle the situation.
根據語義找匹配：A. 使……迷惑不解 B. 謎 C. 難題 D. 使……為難
(1)B (2)C (3) A (4) D
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的；使人感到困惑的
puzzled adj. 困惑的；感到困惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑，迷惑
be in a puzzle about 對……大惑不解
work out a puzzle 猜謎；解決難題
puzzle over 對……冥思苦想
puzzle out (苦苦思索而)搞清楚
puzzle one's brain about / over 對……而大傷腦筋
用puzzle的正確形式填空
The (1) puzzling boy (2) puzzled his mother, so there was a (3) puzzled expression on her face. Much to (4) puzzlement
of his mother, he left home without saying a word.
5、gentle adj.
根據語境猜詞義
(1) Mothers are always gentle with their children.
(2) It's very comfortable to let the gentle wind blow on your face.
根據語義找匹配
A. 輕輕的，輕柔的 B. 溫柔的，文雅的
(1) B (2) A
gentle-looking adj.
看起來彬彬有禮的、看起來很紳士的
gentleman n. 紳士，先生
gently adv. 溫柔地，輕柔地，輕輕地
gentleness n. 溫柔，和善
be gentle with sb. 對某人體貼入微，對某人溫柔有加
gentle in voice / action 聲音溫柔，舉止文雅
have a gentle manner of doing sth. 做某事風度高雅
gentle/mild/soft
gentle 用于人時，指溫柔文雅的舉止，出于自我約束或對他人的體貼。指物時，強調物體運動的輕緩。
mild 指出于本性性格溫柔，脾氣好，強調自己“態度安詳，不粗野”。
He has too mild a nature to lose his temper.
soft 指人心腸柔軟，言語婉轉。
I am always too soft with you.
單項填空
()(1) Strolling at the lake, the ______ wind is brushing your face. How romantic!
A. mild
B. soft
C. gentle
D. light
C 考查形容詞詞義辨析。題意是：信步于湖畔，清風輕拂著你的臉。多么富有詩情畫意啊！通過語境體現出是物體運動輕緩的語義，所以答案是C。
()(2) The teacher was too ______ with her class, so they were out of control.
A. mild
B. soft
C. gentle
D. light
B 考查形容詞詞義辨析。題意是：老師對學生們心太軟了，他們都不聽她的。語境體現出的是人的心腸柔軟，所以答案是B。
6、pull n．&v.
根據語境猜詞義
(1) To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 28,440 km/h.
(2) He pulled the door open and rushed out.
根據語義找匹配：A. 拉 B. 吸引力
(1) B (2)A
pull down 拆除； (把身體)拖垮
pull off (匆忙地)脫下(衣物); (成功地)完成
pull on (匆忙地)穿上
pull out 拔出； 駛出； 擺脫(困難)
pull in 進站；靠岸
pull away 駛離；開走
pull together 通力合作； 整頓； 控制(感情)
pull through 恢復健康；渡過難關
pull/draw/drag
pull 一般用法，指各種情況的“拉”，但有時強調一時或突然拉的動作。
I pulled the handle and the door opened.
draw 指平穩、較輕地拉。
After some time, the fisherman began to draw the net.
drag 往往指用大力氣拖拉笨重物體，有“拖拉”的意思。
He dragged a heavy box upstairs alone.
C 考查動詞短語辨析。 語義是：班車駛進車站，乘客一個個地下來了。drive away開走；push in 是不存在的短語；rush in 沖進，不合題意，所以答案是C。
單項填空
()(1) The bus ______ the bus station and the passengers got off one after another.
A. drove away
B. pushed in
C. pulled in
D. rushed in
D 考查動詞短語辨析。 語義是：勇士匆忙脫下衣服跳進河里救那落水兒童。pull on匆忙穿上；put off 推遲；take off脫下，在語境中不是最佳答案；pull off匆忙脫下，所以答案是D。
()(2) The brave man ______ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.
A. pulled on
B. put off
C. took off
D. pulled off
7、cheer up
根據語境猜詞義
(1) It's said that thousands packed the city center to cheer her.
(2) Everybody cheered when the medical team arrived.
(3) When the rescuers appeared, cheers ran out of the waiting crowd.
根據語義找匹配
A. 為……喝彩 B. 歡呼 C. 歡呼聲；喝彩聲
(1) A (2) B (3) C
Cheers! 干杯！
cheerful adj. 興高采烈的； 精神振奮的
cheer up (使)高興起來； (使)振作起來
cheer on 為……鼓氣； 向……喝彩
8、 break out
根據語境感悟其用法
(1)Last year EV71 virus broke_out in many parts of China.
(2)Last night a fire broke_out in his house.
根據語境break out意思是：
__________________________________________
______________________________。
(戰爭、火災、疫病)發生、爆發
注意：“發生”在英漢表達形式上有不同。
漢語“發生”后接賓語，但英語不可以，它要把漢語中的賓語放在主語位置上，且不能用被動語態。
單項填空
()(1) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ______ into parts.
A. down
B. up
C. off
D. out
A 考查動副詞的搭配。題意是：要想理解這句話的語法，你必須把它劃分開。所以答案是A。
()(2) News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down
B. have broken out
C. have broken in
D. have broken up
A 題意是：據資訊報道，兩國和談由于沒有達成一致意見而破裂。所以答案是A。
9、come on
根據語境猜詞義
(1)Come_on! we'll be late.
(2)Come_on,_guys! You can do it.
(3)Come_on! Our future is bright. We will be successful.
(4)Oh! come_on,_don't lie to me.
(5)Come_on! Baby.
根據語義找匹配
A.用于表示催促，相當于Hurry up! 趕快！ 抓緊！抓緊時間！
B.表示對對方的鼓勵。 加油！ 加把勁！
C.表示對對方的勸慰。 高興點兒！樂觀點兒！
D.用于對對方的挑釁。 來呀！來吧！
E.表示對對方所說的早有耳聞。算了吧！得了吧！ 別逗了！
(1)A (2)B (3)C (4)E (5)D
come about 發生，產生
come along (表示催促)快點！一道去，進展
come back to life 蘇醒，復活
come down 下來，降價
come out 出現，結果，出版(出版之物在主語位置上，不能用被動語態)
come over 過來，短暫造訪，順便來訪，從……(遠道)而來
come around 再度出現、改變(觀點、心態)
come to 來到，總計，結果是
come up 上來，上升，提出(賓語在主語位置上，不能用被動語態)
come up with 提出(直接接賓語)，想出，趕上
come into being 出現，產生，形成
come for 來取，為……而來
單項填空
()(1) It's already 10 o'clock, I wonder how it ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over
B. came out
C. came about
D. came up
C 考查come有關短語的語義辨析。語義是：已經10點了。我納悶這么短的一段路他遲到兩個小時是怎么回事。依據語境語義說明這一局面的產生。come over過來，短暫造訪，順便來訪，從……(遠道)而來；come out 出現，結果，出版；come about 發生，產生；come up上來，上升，提出，所以答案是C。
()(2) — I am dead tired. I can't walk any further, Jenny.
— ______， Tommy. You can do it!
A. No problem
B. No hurry
C. Come on
D. That's OK
C 考查交際英語的使用。語義是：——我都累死了。詹妮，我一步都不能走了。——加把勁吧，湯米，你一定能行的！表示鼓勵。No problem是對別人請求你做某事的應允；No hurry漢語式的表達；Come on表示鼓勵；That's OK. 對道歉的回應，所以答案是C。
()(3) The dictionary is being printed and it will soon______.
A. turn out
B. come out
C. start out
D. go out
B 考查動詞短語語義的辨析。語義是：這本詞典正在付印中且不久就要出版了。turn out雖然有“出版”的意思，但在這里要用被動語態；come out表示“出版”，在這里不用被動語態；start out動身，出發；go out 出去，所以答案是B。
10、What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (P25)
隨后它將變成什么樣子無人知曉，直到38到45億年之間它才形成了一個固體的球體。
when 在這個句子中是并列連詞引導并列句。when引導并列句不能放在句首，它所體現出的語義是：“就在這時；就在那時；此時此刻；屆時”。一般它有兩個極具有代表性的句式：
(1)be doing sth. when… 表示“正在做某事就在這個時候發生了另外的一件事” 。
(2)be about to do sth. when… 表示“正要做某事就在這個時候發生了另外一件事”。
I was about to leave when the phone rang.
我正要出去就在這個時候電話響了。
I was walking in the street when I heard my name called from behind. 我正在街上散步就在這時我聽到有人在背后叫我的名字。
Professor Wang will come for a visit to our school in May when he will give away his works to our library.
王教授將在5月份訪問我校，屆時他會把他的著作捐贈給我校。
when除了引導時間狀語從句外，它還能引導哪些狀語從句呢？
(1)How can he learn anything when he has spent all of his spare time surfing the Internet playing computer games?
(2)They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.
(1) 引導原因狀語從句，表示“既然”。既然他把所有的業余時間都用在上網玩游戲上了，他又怎能學到什么呢？
(2) 引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”。他們明明知道沒任何希望，但他們還是不停地挖。
11、Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more_than a satellite of the earth.(P28)
