山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《完型填空之議論文》學案

　　專題導讀

　　議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種文體，它一般由三個要素組成：論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的論點。不同的議論文論點的提出方式往往不同，大體有以下三種情況：

　　1. 開門見山地提出論點。有些議論文在文章的一開始就提出論點，然后再通過具體的論據(jù)去說明論點，論據(jù)有時候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。

　　2. 導入式提出論點。有些議論文會先通過敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問題提出自己的論點，再用具體的論據(jù)去說明自己的論點。

　　3. 最后提出論點。有些議論文一開始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不表明自己的觀點，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點。對于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓住每段的首句，即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡，理解文意就容易了。

　　真題典例

　　［2009·福建卷］

　　Children find meanings in their old family tales.

　　When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,

　　__1__

　　all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times

　　__2__

　　his strong- minded grandfather was nearly

　　__3__， he loaded his family into the car and

　　__4__

　　them to see family members in Canada with a

　　__5__ “There are more important things in life than money.”

　　The __6__

　　took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a

　　__7__

　　house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__

　　that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't.

　　__9__， their reaction echoed （共鳴） their great- grandfather's. What they

　　__10__

　　was how warm the people were in the house and how

　　__11__

　　of their heart was accessible.

　　Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children

　　__12__

　　hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__

　　in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in

　　storytelling events and festivals.

　　A university

　　__14__

　　of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to

　　__15__

　　parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.

　　The __16__

　　is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that

　　__18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__， and make eye contact （接觸） to create “a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is.

　　（）1.A．issed B．lost

　　C．forgot

　　D．Ignored

　　（）2.A．when

　　B．whileC．how

　　D．Why

　　（）3.A．friendless B．worthless C．penniless D．homeless

　　（）4.A．fetched

　　B．a(chǎn)llowed C．expected D．took

　　（）5.A．hope

　　B．promise C．suggestion

　　D．Belief

　　（）6.A．tale

　　B．a(chǎn)greement C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．Report

　　（）7.A．large

　　B．smallC．new

　　D．Grand

　　（）8.A．surprised

　　B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．worried

　　（）9.A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead

　　D．Otherwise

　　（）10.A．talked about B.cared about

　　C．wrote about

　　D．heard about

　　（）11.A．much

　　B．many C．little

　　D．Few

　　（）12.A．beyond

　　B．over C．behind

　　D．through

　　（）13.A．a(chǎn)rgument

　　B．skill C．interest

　　D．Anxiety

　　（）14.A．study

　　B．design

　　C．committee

　　D．Staff

　　（）15.A．provide

　　B．retell C．support

　　D．Refuse

　　（）16.A．trouble

　　B．gift C．fact

　　D．trick

　　（）17.A．perform

　　B．write C．hear

　　D．Question

　　（）18.A．means

　　B．ends C．begins

　　D．Proves

　　（）19.A．needs

　　B．a(chǎn)ctivities C．judgments

　　D．Habits

　　（）20.A．that

　　B．whatC．which

　　D．whom

　　【要點綜述】 研究表明，給孩子們講述先輩們艱苦奮斗的故事不僅有助于他們渡過難關(guān)，也可以緩解他們的精神壓力——減消生氣和焦慮。

　　1．B　他給他們講述了他爺爺——一位銀行家，在20世紀30年代失去了一切但沒有忘記他最重視的東西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空應填lost。

　　2．A　首先要弄清本句的主句是：he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知設空處引導定語從句，再根據(jù)句意可知此處用表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。

　　3．C　根據(jù)上文________（lost） all in the 1930s可知本空答案應為penniless（身無分文）。

　　4．D　爺爺用車把全家人帶到加拿大。take帶走；fetch去取；allow允許；expect期望。由題意可知，本題答案應為D項。

　　5． D　空后的句子There are more important things in life than money為設空處的同位語，而該句應該是爺爺?shù)囊环N“信念”，不是“希望”、“諾言”和“建議”，故答案為D項。

　　6．A　根據(jù)首段最后一詞及第二段整段內(nèi)容可知本題答案為A。

　　7．B　本句改為：Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a … house后可知答案為B項。Guyer先生原來住的房子價格不菲，而且住起來非常舒適，而現(xiàn)在卻住在一所小房子里。

　　8．D　由于生活條件變得很差，故Guyer先生擔心孩子們會感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪的；annoyed感到煩惱的；disappointed感到失望的；worried擔心的。

　　9．C　使他感到奇怪的是，他們并沒有感到不舒服。相反，他們的反應與他們的曾祖父一樣。instead用來表示與前面提到的事情相反。

　　10．B　從下文可知，孩子們并沒有因生活條件變得糟糕而感到不舒服，他們關(guān)心的是這所房子里的一家人有多溫暖、他們的心有多貼近。care about關(guān)心，擔心；talk about談論；write about寫關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容；hear about聽說。

　　11．A　根據(jù)句意可知，孩子們關(guān)心的是全家人心靈之間的貼近度（有多么貼近），much表程度，符合句意。

　　12．D　through hard times意為“度過艱難時期”。

　　13．C　講故事的專家說這種現(xiàn)象反映了（人們）對講故事越來越感興趣，這一點從不斷增加地對各種事件及節(jié)日故事的講述上得到了印證。interest興趣；argument爭辯；skill技巧，技能；anxiety焦慮，擔憂。

　　14．A　根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一項對65個家庭所做的研究。study研究；design設計；committee委員會；staff全體職工，全體人員。故A項符合句意。

　　15．B　閱讀全文可知通過父母給孩子講故事再讓孩子復述這些故事這一過程，孩子們減少了生氣和焦慮。

　　16．D　（講故事的）技巧是用孩子們能夠傾聽的方式來講（故事）。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。

　　17．C　根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“傾聽”，故B項不正確。perform履行，完成，演出；question詢問，質(zhì)疑，均不符合句意，故選C。

　　18．C　that begins 意為“是那樣開始的”。由后面敘述提示可知答案。

　　19．A　根據(jù)上句可知，所講的故事應該符合孩子們的需要而不是“活動（activities）”、“判斷（judgments）”或“習慣（habits）”。

　　20．B　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應是一個賓語從句引導詞，且從句中動詞take缺少賓語，所以用what既作賓語從句的引導詞又在從句中作賓語。

　　新題預測

　　Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone __1__. Many people—adults included—do not have a good __2__ of saving for the long run.

　　I have been __3__ to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass cutting business since I was 10 years old.__4__ the money I made I spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90.

　　Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to __5__ wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to __6__. Young people should __7__ that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.

　　If you have a job at high school, you __8__ have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some __9__ it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, __10__ lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.

　　After high school, college is __11__， with expenses such as food and rent. If you can __12__ a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to __13__.

　　Later in life it can be hard to start saving__14__ general cost of living is more expensive and you may only haveenough to pay your __15__. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you

　　need money to start with, which __16__ saving.

　　Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a __17__ life.

　　Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also __18__ you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.

　　__19__， it will mean you can live the way you want to without __20__.

　　（）1.A.needs

　　B．likes

　　C．a(chǎn)rranges

　　D．Expects

　　（）2.A.knowledge

　　B．experienceC．form

　　D．Sense

　　（）3.A.foolish

　　B．fundamentalC．lucky

　　D．Grateful

　　（）4.A. With

　　B．OfC．In

　　D．From

　　（）5.A.divide up

　　B．build up C．keep up

　　D．make up

　　（）6.A.break

　　B．runC．make

　　D．Grow

　　（）7.A.recognize

　　B．realizeC．research

　　D．Doubt

　　（）8.A.must

　　B．dareC．should

　　D．may

　　（）9.A.so that

　　B．in caseC．in that

　　D．but for

　　（）10.A.but

　　B．a(chǎn)ndC．a(chǎn)lso

　　D．Or

　　（）11.A.expensive

　　B．cheapC．boring

　　D．Bitter

　　（）12.A.hold out

　　B．hold upC．hold onto D．hold back

　　（）13.A.survive

　　B．struggleC．tolerate D．Die

　　（）14.A.if

　　B．a(chǎn)s long asC．while

　　D．Since

　　（）15.A.bills B．taxes C．a(chǎn)ttention

　　D．Consequences

　　（）16.A.results from B．gets from C．comes from

　　D．escapes from

　　（）17.A.happy

　　B．simple C．miserable

　　D．Secure

　　（）18.A.forbid

　　B．a(chǎn)llowC．a(chǎn)dvise

　　D．Request

　　（）19.A.In addition

　　B．Above allC．On the contrary

　　D．Believe it or not

　　（）20.A.consulting

　　B．worrying C.resting D．thinking【要點綜述】 年輕時就要學會省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習慣都開始于青年時代……新時代的青年人如何花錢、省錢、存錢是值得我們思考的問題。

　　專題導讀

　　議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種文體，它一般由三個要素組成：論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的論點。不同的議論文論點的提出方式往往不同，大體有以下三種情況：

　　1. 開門見山地提出論點。有些議論文在文章的一開始就提出論點，然后再通過具體的論據(jù)去說明論點，論據(jù)有時候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。

　　2. 導入式提出論點。有些議論文會先通過敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問題提出自己的論點，再用具體的論據(jù)去說明自己的論點。

　　3. 最后提出論點。有些議論文一開始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不表明自己的觀點，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點。對于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓住每段的首句，即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡，理解文意就容易了。

　　真題典例

　　［2009·福建卷］

　　Children find meanings in their old family tales.

　　When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,

　　__1__

　　all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times

　　__2__

　　his strong- minded grandfather was nearly

　　__3__， he loaded his family into the car and

　　__4__

　　them to see family members in Canada with a

　　__5__ “There are more important things in life than money.”

　　The __6__

　　took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a

　　__7__

　　house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__

　　that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't.

　　__9__， their reaction echoed （共鳴） their great- grandfather's. What they

　　__10__

　　was how warm the people were in the house and how

　　__11__

　　of their heart was accessible.

　　Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children

　　__12__

　　hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__

　　in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in

　　storytelling events and festivals.

　　A university

　　__14__

　　of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to

　　__15__

　　parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.

　　The __16__

　　is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that

　　__18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__， and make eye contact （接觸） to create “a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is.

　　（）1.A．issed B．lost

　　C．forgot

　　D．Ignored

　　（）2.A．when

　　B．whileC．how

　　D．Why

　　（）3.A．friendless B．worthless C．penniless D．homeless

　　（）4.A．fetched

　　B．a(chǎn)llowed C．expected D．took

　　（）5.A．hope

　　B．promise C．suggestion

　　D．Belief

　　（）6.A．tale

　　B．a(chǎn)greement C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．Report

　　（）7.A．large

　　B．smallC．new

　　D．Grand

　　（）8.A．surprised

　　B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．worried

　　（）9.A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead

　　D．Otherwise

　　（）10.A．talked about B.cared about

　　C．wrote about

　　D．heard about

　　（）11.A．much

　　B．many C．little

　　D．Few

　　（）12.A．beyond

　　B．over C．behind

　　D．through

　　（）13.A．a(chǎn)rgument

　　B．skill C．interest

　　D．Anxiety

　　（）14.A．study

　　B．design

　　C．committee

　　D．Staff

　　（）15.A．provide

　　B．retell C．support

　　D．Refuse

　　（）16.A．trouble

　　B．gift C．fact

　　D．trick

　　（）17.A．perform

　　B．write C．hear

　　D．Question

　　（）18.A．means

　　B．ends C．begins

　　D．Proves

　　（）19.A．needs

　　B．a(chǎn)ctivities C．judgments

　　D．Habits

　　（）20.A．that

　　B．whatC．which

　　D．whom

　　【要點綜述】 研究表明，給孩子們講述先輩們艱苦奮斗的故事不僅有助于他們渡過難關(guān)，也可以緩解他們的精神壓力——減消生氣和焦慮。

　　1．B　他給他們講述了他爺爺——一位銀行家，在20世紀30年代失去了一切但沒有忘記他最重視的東西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空應填lost。

　　2．A　首先要弄清本句的主句是：he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知設空處引導定語從句，再根據(jù)句意可知此處用表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。

　　3．C　根據(jù)上文________（lost） all in the 1930s可知本空答案應為penniless（身無分文）。

　　4．D　爺爺用車把全家人帶到加拿大。take帶走；fetch去取；allow允許；expect期望。由題意可知，本題答案應為D項。

　　5． D　空后的句子There are more important things in life than money為設空處的同位語，而該句應該是爺爺?shù)囊环N“信念”，不是“希望”、“諾言”和“建議”，故答案為D項。

　　6．A　根據(jù)首段最后一詞及第二段整段內(nèi)容可知本題答案為A。

　　7．B　本句改為：Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a … house后可知答案為B項。Guyer先生原來住的房子價格不菲，而且住起來非常舒適，而現(xiàn)在卻住在一所小房子里。

　　8．D　由于生活條件變得很差，故Guyer先生擔心孩子們會感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪的；annoyed感到煩惱的；disappointed感到失望的；worried擔心的。

　　9．C　使他感到奇怪的是，他們并沒有感到不舒服。相反，他們的反應與他們的曾祖父一樣。instead用來表示與前面提到的事情相反。

　　10．B　從下文可知，孩子們并沒有因生活條件變得糟糕而感到不舒服，他們關(guān)心的是這所房子里的一家人有多溫暖、他們的心有多貼近。care about關(guān)心，擔心；talk about談論；write about寫關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容；hear about聽說。

　　11．A　根據(jù)句意可知，孩子們關(guān)心的是全家人心靈之間的貼近度（有多么貼近），much表程度，符合句意。

　　12．D　through hard times意為“度過艱難時期”。

　　13．C　講故事的專家說這種現(xiàn)象反映了（人們）對講故事越來越感興趣，這一點從不斷增加地對各種事件及節(jié)日故事的講述上得到了印證。interest興趣；argument爭辯；skill技巧，技能；anxiety焦慮，擔憂。

　　14．A　根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一項對65個家庭所做的研究。study研究；design設計；committee委員會；staff全體職工，全體人員。故A項符合句意。

　　15．B　閱讀全文可知通過父母給孩子講故事再讓孩子復述這些故事這一過程，孩子們減少了生氣和焦慮。

　　16．D　（講故事的）技巧是用孩子們能夠傾聽的方式來講（故事）。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。

　　17．C　根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“傾聽”，故B項不正確。perform履行，完成，演出；question詢問，質(zhì)疑，均不符合句意，故選C。

　　18．C　that begins 意為“是那樣開始的”。由后面敘述提示可知答案。

　　19．A　根據(jù)上句可知，所講的故事應該符合孩子們的需要而不是“活動（activities）”、“判斷（judgments）”或“習慣（habits）”。

　　20．B　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應是一個賓語從句引導詞，且從句中動詞take缺少賓語，所以用what既作賓語從句的引導詞又在從句中作賓語。

　　新題預測

　　Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone __1__. Many people—adults included—do not have a good __2__ of saving for the long run.

　　I have been __3__ to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass cutting business since I was 10 years old.__4__ the money I made I spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90.

　　Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to __5__ wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to __6__. Young people should __7__ that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.

　　If you have a job at high school, you __8__ have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some __9__ it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, __10__ lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.

　　After high school, college is __11__， with expenses such as food and rent. If you can __12__ a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to __13__.

　　Later in life it can be hard to start saving__14__ general cost of living is more expensive and you may only haveenough to pay your __15__. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you

　　need money to start with, which __16__ saving.

　　Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a __17__ life.

　　Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also __18__ you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.

　　__19__， it will mean you can live the way you want to without __20__.

　　（）1.A.needs

　　B．likes

　　C．a(chǎn)rranges

　　D．Expects

　　（）2.A.knowledge

　　B．experienceC．form

　　D．Sense

　　（）3.A.foolish

　　B．fundamentalC．lucky

　　D．Grateful

　　（）4.A. With

　　B．OfC．In

　　D．From

　　（）5.A.divide up

　　B．build up C．keep up

　　D．make up

　　（）6.A.break

　　B．runC．make

　　D．Grow

　　（）7.A.recognize

　　B．realizeC．research

　　D．Doubt

　　（）8.A.must

　　B．dareC．should

　　D．may

　　（）9.A.so that

　　B．in caseC．in that

　　D．but for

　　（）10.A.but

　　B．a(chǎn)ndC．a(chǎn)lso

　　D．Or

　　（）11.A.expensive

　　B．cheapC．boring

　　D．Bitter

　　（）12.A.hold out

　　B．hold upC．hold onto D．hold back

　　（）13.A.survive

　　B．struggleC．tolerate D．Die

　　（）14.A.if

　　B．a(chǎn)s long asC．while

　　D．Since

　　（）15.A.bills B．taxes C．a(chǎn)ttention

　　D．Consequences

　　（）16.A.results from B．gets from C．comes from

　　D．escapes from

　　（）17.A.happy

　　B．simple C．miserable

　　D．Secure

　　（）18.A.forbid

　　B．a(chǎn)llowC．a(chǎn)dvise

　　D．Request

　　（）19.A.In addition

　　B．Above allC．On the contrary

　　D．Believe it or not

　　（）20.A.consulting

　　B．worrying C.resting D．thinking【要點綜述】 年輕時就要學會省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習慣都開始于青年時代……新時代的青年人如何花錢、省錢、存錢是值得我們思考的問題。