雅思閱讀：劍橋雅思閱讀長難句分析

　　1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.

　　分析：本句主句為The best estimates are that that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.為that引導的表語從句，做are的表語; causing considerable problems為現在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。

　　2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.

　　分析：本句中Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem為介詞短語作讓步狀語;其中that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem為that引導的同位語從句，做the intuition的同位語;economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.為本句的主句，其中it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.為賓語從句，做show的賓語，引導詞省略，it為形式主語，后面的不定式為真正的主語。

　　3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future.

　　分析：本句主句為It is crucial that we look at the facts 其中It為形式主語，that we look at the facts為that引導的主語從句，是該句子真正的主語;if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future為if引導的條件狀語從句。

　　4. Some are thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.

　　分析：本句的主句為Some are thermoplastic which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.為定語從句，做thermoplastic的定語，關系詞為which; 在此定語從句中that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. 為that引導的賓語從句，做means的賓語;when heated為過去分詞短語做狀語，做they melt的時間狀語。

　　5. Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol combines with an aldehyde .

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885為時間狀語，而when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins為定語從句，做1885的定語，關系詞為when; the group of sticky substances為phenolic resins的同位語;produced when phenol combines with an aldehyde combines with an aldehyde .為when引導的時間狀語從句。

　　6. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today.

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekeland took out his famous patent, On 13 July 1907為時間狀語;describing this preparation為現在分詞短語做定語，做his famous patent的定語;the essential features of which are still in use today為同位語，做this preparation的同位語;而其中of which are still in use today為定語從句，做features的定語，關系詞為which。

　　7. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became solule and malleable when heated.

　　分析：本句的主句為The result was a resin known as Novalak為過去分詞短語做定語，做resin的定語;which became solule and malleable when heated.為定語從句，做Novalak的定語，關系詞為which; when heated為過去分詞短語做狀語，在該定語從句中做時間狀語。

　　8. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract.

　　分析：本句的主句為The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract.為so that引導的結果狀語從句。

　　9. Baekelands invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekelands invention went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity although treated with disdain in its early years為過去分詞短語做讓步狀語;which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century為定語從句，做popularity的定語，關系詞為which。

　　10. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era.

　　分析：本句為并列句，Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties和consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades并列，由and連接;delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era為過去分詞短語做伴隨狀語;其中that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era為that引導的賓語從句。

　　11. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.

　　分析：本句的主句為Kant and Freud felt that, 其中that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.為that引導的賓語從句，做felt的賓語;而which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline為定語從句，做a psychic tension的定語，關系詞為which。

　　1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.

　　分析：本句主句為The best estimates are that that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.為that引導的表語從句，做are的表語; causing considerable problems為現在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。

　　2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.

　　分析：本句中Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem為介詞短語作讓步狀語;其中that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem為that引導的同位語從句，做the intuition的同位語;economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.為本句的主句，其中it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.為賓語從句，做show的賓語，引導詞省略，it為形式主語，后面的不定式為真正的主語。

　　3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future.

　　分析：本句主句為It is crucial that we look at the facts 其中It為形式主語，that we look at the facts為that引導的主語從句，是該句子真正的主語;if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future為if引導的條件狀語從句。

　　4. Some are thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.

　　分析：本句的主句為Some are thermoplastic which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.為定語從句，做thermoplastic的定語，關系詞為which; 在此定語從句中that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. 為that引導的賓語從句，做means的賓語;when heated為過去分詞短語做狀語，做they melt的時間狀語。

　　5. Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol combines with an aldehyde .

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885為時間狀語，而when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins為定語從句，做1885的定語，關系詞為when; the group of sticky substances為phenolic resins的同位語;produced when phenol combines with an aldehyde combines with an aldehyde .為when引導的時間狀語從句。

　　6. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today.

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekeland took out his famous patent, On 13 July 1907為時間狀語;describing this preparation為現在分詞短語做定語，做his famous patent的定語;the essential features of which are still in use today為同位語，做this preparation的同位語;而其中of which are still in use today為定語從句，做features的定語，關系詞為which。

　　7. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became solule and malleable when heated.

　　分析：本句的主句為The result was a resin known as Novalak為過去分詞短語做定語，做resin的定語;which became solule and malleable when heated.為定語從句，做Novalak的定語，關系詞為which; when heated為過去分詞短語做狀語，在該定語從句中做時間狀語。

　　8. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract.

　　分析：本句的主句為The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract.為so that引導的結果狀語從句。

　　9. Baekelands invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.

　　分析：本句的主句為Baekelands invention went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity although treated with disdain in its early years為過去分詞短語做讓步狀語;which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century為定語從句，做popularity的定語，關系詞為which。

　　10. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era.

　　分析：本句為并列句，Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties和consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades并列，由and連接;delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era為過去分詞短語做伴隨狀語;其中that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era為that引導的賓語從句。

　　11. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.

　　分析：本句的主句為Kant and Freud felt that, 其中that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.為that引導的賓語從句，做felt的賓語;而which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline為定語從句，做a psychic tension的定語，關系詞為which。