雅思閱讀難句講解：插入結(jié)構(gòu)（上）

　　一、前言

　　閱讀分為四個(gè)層次：詞、句、段、章。同學(xué)們一般習(xí)慣于以詞為單位閱讀，所以遇到存在生詞的句子就無從下手了。其實(shí)閱讀的真正障礙并不在于生詞，而在于難句，因?yàn)殡y句即使每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識，只要結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，可能也讀不懂。反之，一旦能夠把握結(jié)構(gòu)，就可以忽略生詞，掌握大意，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)無詞閱讀的境界。為此，本人特意為廣大同學(xué)制作了這一套難句隨身卡（包括基礎(chǔ)篇和提高篇）。

　　二、難句的構(gòu)成

　　英語的難句＝主句＋從句＋短語，不同于漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有復(fù)雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那么主句相當(dāng)于樹干，從句相當(dāng)于樹枝，而短語相當(dāng)于葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)的。

　　因此，我們在理解英語難句的時(shí)候要學(xué)會拆把復(fù)雜句拆成簡單句來理解。也就是說，要學(xué)會抓住樹干，拆掉枝葉。

　　三、如何拆

　　任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個(gè)謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個(gè)句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1）識別出有哪幾個(gè)謂語動詞；2）找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句；3）再去理解從句和短語。

　　四、符號說明

　　1．謂語動詞用黑體的斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know 。

　　2．從句的引導(dǎo)詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。

　　3．從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導(dǎo)的從句。

　　4．插入語成分用括號表示，例如：Keeping your head, , may make the difference between

　　第二章 插入結(jié)構(gòu)

　　本章難句列表（分析見下篇）：

　　1． A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

　　2．Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

　　3．Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.

　　4．Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

　　5．Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

　　6．However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

　　7．Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.

　　8．What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.

　　9．While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

　　10．But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

　　11．You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.

　　12．It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

　　13．Computer crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

　　14．Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.

　　一、前言

　　閱讀分為四個(gè)層次：詞、句、段、章。同學(xué)們一般習(xí)慣于以詞為單位閱讀，所以遇到存在生詞的句子就無從下手了。其實(shí)閱讀的真正障礙并不在于生詞，而在于難句，因?yàn)殡y句即使每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識，只要結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，可能也讀不懂。反之，一旦能夠把握結(jié)構(gòu)，就可以忽略生詞，掌握大意，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)無詞閱讀的境界。為此，本人特意為廣大同學(xué)制作了這一套難句隨身卡（包括基礎(chǔ)篇和提高篇）。

　　二、難句的構(gòu)成

　　英語的難句＝主句＋從句＋短語，不同于漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有復(fù)雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那么主句相當(dāng)于樹干，從句相當(dāng)于樹枝，而短語相當(dāng)于葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)的。

　　因此，我們在理解英語難句的時(shí)候要學(xué)會拆把復(fù)雜句拆成簡單句來理解。也就是說，要學(xué)會抓住樹干，拆掉枝葉。

　　三、如何拆

　　任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個(gè)謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個(gè)句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1）識別出有哪幾個(gè)謂語動詞；2）找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句；3）再去理解從句和短語。

　　四、符號說明

　　1．謂語動詞用黑體的斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know 。

　　2．從句的引導(dǎo)詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。

　　3．從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導(dǎo)的從句。

　　4．插入語成分用括號表示，例如：Keeping your head, , may make the difference between

　　第二章 插入結(jié)構(gòu)

　　本章難句列表（分析見下篇）：

　　1． A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

　　2．Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

　　3．Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.

　　4．Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

　　5．Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

　　6．However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

　　7．Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.

　　8．What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.

　　9．While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

　　10．But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

　　11．You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.

　　12．It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

　　13．Computer crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

　　14．Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.