中考英語語法:句子的種類
(一)句子種類概述 句子按種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。 (二)基礎知識梳理 1.陳述句 陳述句用來說明事實或表示說話人的看法。 1)陳述句的肯定形式。如: We are students. We must obey the traffic rules. We clean the room every day. 2)陳述句的否定形式 把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況: (1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情態動詞)后直接加not。如: We arent students. You neednt hand in your homework today. (2)在助動詞do,does,或did后加not,再把它們放在行為動詞前面,而行為動詞用原形。如: We dont clean the room every day. (3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如: There are no books on the desk. I can hardly answer your question. Neither of the twins is a doctor. 2.疑問句 疑問句就是提出問題,讓對方作出回答。英語中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。 1)一般疑問句 用于詢問一個事實是否屬實,其回答通常是Yes或No。其結構為: be,will,have,助動詞+主語+(主動詞)/賓語 如:Is she a university teacher? Will it be windy tomorrow? Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday? 2)特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句對句中某一特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據實際情況,不必用Yes或No回答。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可數名詞復數,how much+不可數名詞,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其結構為: 疑問句+一般疑問句語句 如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class? What are you doing now? How long have you lived here? 3)選擇疑問句 選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況,詢問對方選擇哪一種。回答時選擇一種,不必用Yes或No。 一般疑問句+A or B 如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup? Do you often play basketball or play the piano? 特殊疑問句,A or B? 或A,B or C? 如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun? Which do you like better, the record or the ball? 4)反意疑問句 由兩部分組成,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個附著在前半句上的簡短問句,回答時用Yes或No。它的構成和回答主要如下: (1)肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問部分? 如:They are interested in collecting stamps, arent they? 一Yes,they are. 是的,他們對集郵感興趣的。 一No,they arent. 不,他們對集郵不感興趣的。 (2)否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問部分? 如:Tom didnt pass the exam, did he? 一Yes,he did. 不,他通過考試。 一No,he didnt. 9是,他沒通過。 3.祈使句 祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。 1)祈使句的肯定結構 如:Come in,please. Let me have a try. Lets go to the cinema together. 2)祈使句的否定結構是在動詞前面加上dont, 如: Dont be late for school. Dont walk on the grass. 4.感嘆句 1) 感嘆句表達說話人說話時的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開頭或引導。 感嘆詞What+強調部分(名詞)+主語+動詞謂語 如:What a mess picture it is! What an exciting film we saw yesterday! 2) 感嘆詞How+強調部分(形容詞或副詞)+主語+動詞謂語 如:How wonderful the film is!(一)句子種類概述 句子按種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。 (二)基礎知識梳理 1.陳述句 陳述句用來說明事實或表示說話人的看法。 1)陳述句的肯定形式。如: We are students. We must obey the traffic rules. We clean the room every day. 2)陳述句的否定形式 把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況: (1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情態動詞)后直接加not。如: We arent students. You neednt hand in your homework today. (2)在助動詞do,does,或did后加not,再把它們放在行為動詞前面,而行為動詞用原形。如: We dont clean the room every day. (3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如: There are no books on the desk. I can hardly answer your question. Neither of the twins is a doctor. 2.疑問句 疑問句就是提出問題,讓對方作出回答。英語中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。 1)一般疑問句 用于詢問一個事實是否屬實,其回答通常是Yes或No。其結構為: be,will,have,助動詞+主語+(主動詞)/賓語 如:Is she a university teacher? Will it be windy tomorrow? Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday? 2)特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句對句中某一特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據實際情況,不必用Yes或No回答。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可數名詞復數,how much+不可數名詞,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其結構為: 疑問句+一般疑問句語句 如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class? What are you doing now? How long have you lived here? 3)選擇疑問句 選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況,詢問對方選擇哪一種。回答時選擇一種,不必用Yes或No。 一般疑問句+A or B 如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup? Do you often play basketball or play the piano? 特殊疑問句,A or B? 或A,B or C? 如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun? Which do you like better, the record or the ball? 4)反意疑問句 由兩部分組成,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個附著在前半句上的簡短問句,回答時用Yes或No。它的構成和回答主要如下: (1)肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問部分? 如:They are interested in collecting stamps, arent they? 一Yes,they are. 是的,他們對集郵感興趣的。 一No,they arent. 不,他們對集郵不感興趣的。 (2)否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問部分? 如:Tom didnt pass the exam, did he? 一Yes,he did. 不,他通過考試。 一No,he didnt. 9是,他沒通過。 3.祈使句 祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。 1)祈使句的肯定結構 如:Come in,please. Let me have a try. Lets go to the cinema together. 2)祈使句的否定結構是在動詞前面加上dont, 如: Dont be late for school. Dont walk on the grass. 4.感嘆句 1) 感嘆句表達說話人說話時的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開頭或引導。 感嘆詞What+強調部分(名詞)+主語+動詞謂語 如:What a mess picture it is! What an exciting film we saw yesterday! 2) 感嘆詞How+強調部分(形容詞或副詞)+主語+動詞謂語 如:How wonderful the film is!