中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表3

　　中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表3

　　 C

　　 call ?

　　 [誤] I'll call at Mr Brown.?

　　 [正] I'll call on Mr Brown.?

　　 [誤] I'll call on Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [正] I'll call at Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [析] 作拜訪講時,at后面接訪問地點,而on后面接訪問的人。

　　 ? call on drop in visit ?

　　 call on比較正式的為公務的訪問,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走,順便拜訪,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.?

　　 can ?

　　 [誤] A blind man can not judge colours.?

　　 [正] A blind man cannot judge colours.?

　　 [誤] I cann't call for you at ten.?

　　 [正] I can't call for you at ten.?

　　 [析] can的否定形式應為cannot或can't.?

　　 [誤] It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.?

　　 [正] It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.?

　　 [析] must用來表示一種肯定的推斷,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用can't, 要表示對過去的推測則要用must+have+過去分詞的表達法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而對過去的否定推測則多用?can't?+have+過去分詞,如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.?

　　 [誤] We could not help to laugh at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help laughing at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help but laugh at once.?

　　 [析] couldn't help+動名詞表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.?

　　 can be able to ?

　　 can與be able to都可以用來表示能力,但can只有現在時與過去時,be able to則可用任何時態,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 2?10 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態,而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態。?

　　 can could ?

　　 can與could都可以用在現在時的口語中,只是用could更為禮貌,語氣更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?

　　 care ?

　　 [誤] I don't care coffee.?

　　 [正] I don't care for coffee.?

　　 [誤] Take care for your steps.?

　　 [正] Take care of your steps.?

　　 [析] care for是對某物感興趣,而care of是關心,要當心某事,如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.?

　　 [誤] I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [正] I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [析] 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的狀語從句后面要用現在時表示將來。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.?

　　 change ?

　　 [誤] I want to change my camera with that one.?

　　 [正] I want to change my camera for that one.?

　　 [析] change for為以某物為交換物。而change with則是隨而變,如:The wood's colour changed with the season.?

　　 cheap ?

　　 [誤] A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.?

　　 [正] A teacher's salary is generally very low.?

　　 [析] 工資的高低要用low,cheap是指價格便宜,如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.?

　　 choose ?

　　 [誤] We each had to have a choose of A or B.?

　　 [正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.?

　　 [析] choice是名詞,而choose是動詞。?

　　 class ?

　　 [誤] The class is watching TV.?

　　 [正] The class are watching TV.?

　　 [析] class作主語時,如果作為整體講則應用單數形式的謂語動詞,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數形式的謂語動詞,如:The class are, in general, very bright.?

　　 clean ?

　　 [誤] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.?

　　 [正] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.?

　　 [析] clean可以作為副詞講,其意為完全,而cleanly則意為正確地、干凈利落地,如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作為形容詞講時意為清潔的、干凈的,如:Her face is not clean now.?

　　 clever ?

　　 [誤] I'm not clever in English.?

　　 [正] I'm not clever at English.?

　　 [析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特長。?

　　 close ?

　　 [誤] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.?

　　 [正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.?

　　 [析] 這里的close是動詞,意為關閉,而keep后要加形容詞,所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為近的、親密的。?

　　 [誤] Come closely so that I can see you.?

　　 [正] Come close so that I can see you.?

　　 [誤] Good teaching and good testing are close related.?

　　 [正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.?

　　 [析] close,closely同樣可以作副詞用,但其意義不同,close是靠近、接近之意,而closely則是緊密、嚴密、密切之意。?

　　 [誤] My school was quite close from my home.?

　　 [正] My school was quite close to my home.?

　　 [析] 與接近是close to,例如:?

　　 He was close to fifty.?

　　 There is a bus?stop close to the station.?

　　 close shut turn ?

　　 shut與close是同義詞,如close the door或shut the door. 但要講把某人關在門外時則只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut語氣較強,并含有隔離之意。而turn off是指關上電視、電燈、煤氣之類,有切斷之意。?

　　 cloth ?

　　 [誤] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.?

　　 [正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.?

　　 [誤] I need a lot of clothing.?

　　 I'm going to make a new cloth. ?

　　 [正] I need a lot of cloth.?

　　 I'm going to make a new dress. ?

　　 [析] cloth是布、布料,沒有復數形式。一塊布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes統指衣服,是復數名詞,一套衣服要講a suit of clothes, 如果是一件件衣服應講shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的總稱,是不可數名詞。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.?英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(學生套裝),a working dress(工作服)。?

　　 coffee ?

　　 [誤] Please give me two waters.?

　　 [正] Please give me two coffees.?

　　 [正] Please give me two cups of water.?

　　 [析] 雖然coffee, water, tea等都是物質名詞,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.?

　　 colour(color) ?

　　 [誤] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [析] 中文的花的顏色有紅色、黃色和白色,若譯為英文Colours of flowers are,就顯得重復了。?

　　 [誤] I like green colour.?

　　 [正] I like green.?

　　 [正] I like colour green.?

　　 [析] colour green中的colour是green的同位語,所以這種說話方式英語是可以接受的。?

　　 come ?

　　 [誤] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [析] come across是偶然碰見、遇見,要直接加賓語,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.?

　　 [誤] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where did you come from??

　　 I came from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from China. ?

　　 [析] Where do you come from?意為你是什么地方的人??而Where did you come from?則是你從何處來? ?

　　 [誤] The stars are coming out from the cloud.?

　　 [正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.?

　　 [析] come out of意為從地方出來。?

　　 come in come into enter ?

　　 come in與come into的意義相同,但come into后面要加賓語,而come in后面不用賓語。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.?

　　 enter常作為及物動詞使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.?

　　 congratulate ?

　　 [誤] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.?

　　 [正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.?

　　 [析] 動詞congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝賀某事。其名詞congratulation在用時一般要用復數,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.

　　 又如:Congratulations!?

　　 cook ?

　　 [誤] My father is a good cooker.?

　　 [正] My father is a good cook.?

　　 [析] 很多動詞加上?er則變為執行該動作的一種人,如work?worker,teach?teacher. 但cook即是動詞做飯,同時名詞也是廚師。而cooker則是廚具、炊具之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。?

　　 corner ?

　　 [誤] There is a post office in the corner of the street.?

　　 [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.?

　　 [誤] A girl sat at the corner of the room.?

　　 [正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.?

　　 [析] in the corner是在建筑物內部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.?

　　 cost ?

　　 [誤] I cost ten dollars for the book.?

　　 [正] I spent ten dollars on the book.?

　　 [誤] I cost two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [正] It took me two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [析] cost, spend. take都可以作花費講,但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢,如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+時間+(in)doing something,如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody+spend+金錢+on something,如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:It+takes+somebody+時間+to do something, 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.?

　　 country ?

　　 [誤] You can find cows in a country.?

　　 [正] You can find cows in the country.?

　　 [析] country即可作國家講,也可作農村講。當作農村講時,一定要加定冠詞,而且只有單數形式。例如:?

　　 [誤] Farmers live in the countries.?

　　 [正] Farmers live in the country.?

　　 [析] 但作為國家講時則可有單、復數形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的國家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國家,如:The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側重于政權方面的區域、國家范圍,如:the state farm(國營農場)。?

　　 cross ?

　　 [誤] There are traffic lights at the cross.?

　　 [正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.?

　　 [析] cross作為名詞講時是十字架、十字形的東西,如:Red Cross(紅十字會)。?

　　 [誤] The little boy is going to across the street.?

　　 [正] The little boy is going to cross the street.?

　　 [析] across是副詞或介詞,但不能作動詞用。?

　　 cross pass ?

　　 cross是指橫過某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass則強調從某物體旁經過,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.?

　　 crowd ?

　　 [誤] The room soon was crowded by people.?

　　 [正] The room soon was crowded with people.?

　　 [析] crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞,所以這句話不是被動語態而是系表結構,如:The room was crowded with books.?

　　 cup ?

　　 [誤] A silver glass was given to the winner.?

　　 [正] A silver cup was given to the winner.?

　　 [誤] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.?

　　 [正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.?

　　 [析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我們講I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不講I drink a cup of wine at supper.?

　　-

　　中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表3

　　 C

　　 call ?

　　 [誤] I'll call at Mr Brown.?

　　 [正] I'll call on Mr Brown.?

　　 [誤] I'll call on Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [正] I'll call at Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [析] 作拜訪講時,at后面接訪問地點,而on后面接訪問的人。

　　 ? call on drop in visit ?

　　 call on比較正式的為公務的訪問,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走,順便拜訪,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.?

　　 can ?

　　 [誤] A blind man can not judge colours.?

　　 [正] A blind man cannot judge colours.?

　　 [誤] I cann't call for you at ten.?

　　 [正] I can't call for you at ten.?

　　 [析] can的否定形式應為cannot或can't.?

　　 [誤] It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.?

　　 [正] It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.?

　　 [析] must用來表示一種肯定的推斷,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用can't, 要表示對過去的推測則要用must+have+過去分詞的表達法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而對過去的否定推測則多用?can't?+have+過去分詞,如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.?

　　 [誤] We could not help to laugh at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help laughing at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help but laugh at once.?

　　 [析] couldn't help+動名詞表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.?

　　 can be able to ?

　　 can與be able to都可以用來表示能力,但can只有現在時與過去時,be able to則可用任何時態,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 2?10 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態,而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態。?

　　 can could ?

　　 can與could都可以用在現在時的口語中,只是用could更為禮貌,語氣更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?

　　 care ?

　　 [誤] I don't care coffee.?

　　 [正] I don't care for coffee.?

　　 [誤] Take care for your steps.?

　　 [正] Take care of your steps.?

　　 [析] care for是對某物感興趣,而care of是關心,要當心某事,如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.?

　　 [誤] I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [正] I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [析] 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的狀語從句后面要用現在時表示將來。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.?

　　 change ?

　　 [誤] I want to change my camera with that one.?

　　 [正] I want to change my camera for that one.?

　　 [析] change for為以某物為交換物。而change with則是隨而變,如:The wood's colour changed with the season.?

　　 cheap ?

　　 [誤] A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.?

　　 [正] A teacher's salary is generally very low.?

　　 [析] 工資的高低要用low,cheap是指價格便宜,如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.?

　　 choose ?

　　 [誤] We each had to have a choose of A or B.?

　　 [正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.?

　　 [析] choice是名詞,而choose是動詞。?

　　 class ?

　　 [誤] The class is watching TV.?

　　 [正] The class are watching TV.?

　　 [析] class作主語時,如果作為整體講則應用單數形式的謂語動詞,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數形式的謂語動詞,如:The class are, in general, very bright.?

　　 clean ?

　　 [誤] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.?

　　 [正] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.?

　　 [析] clean可以作為副詞講,其意為完全,而cleanly則意為正確地、干凈利落地,如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作為形容詞講時意為清潔的、干凈的,如:Her face is not clean now.?

　　 clever ?

　　 [誤] I'm not clever in English.?

　　 [正] I'm not clever at English.?

　　 [析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特長。?

　　 close ?

　　 [誤] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.?

　　 [正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.?

　　 [析] 這里的close是動詞,意為關閉,而keep后要加形容詞,所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為近的、親密的。?

　　 [誤] Come closely so that I can see you.?

　　 [正] Come close so that I can see you.?

　　 [誤] Good teaching and good testing are close related.?

　　 [正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.?

　　 [析] close,closely同樣可以作副詞用,但其意義不同,close是靠近、接近之意,而closely則是緊密、嚴密、密切之意。?

　　 [誤] My school was quite close from my home.?

　　 [正] My school was quite close to my home.?

　　 [析] 與接近是close to,例如:?

　　 He was close to fifty.?

　　 There is a bus?stop close to the station.?

　　 close shut turn ?

　　 shut與close是同義詞,如close the door或shut the door. 但要講把某人關在門外時則只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut語氣較強,并含有隔離之意。而turn off是指關上電視、電燈、煤氣之類,有切斷之意。?

　　 cloth ?

　　 [誤] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.?

　　 [正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.?

　　 [誤] I need a lot of clothing.?

　　 I'm going to make a new cloth. ?

　　 [正] I need a lot of cloth.?

　　 I'm going to make a new dress. ?

　　 [析] cloth是布、布料,沒有復數形式。一塊布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes統指衣服,是復數名詞,一套衣服要講a suit of clothes, 如果是一件件衣服應講shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的總稱,是不可數名詞。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.?英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(學生套裝),a working dress(工作服)。?

　　 coffee ?

　　 [誤] Please give me two waters.?

　　 [正] Please give me two coffees.?

　　 [正] Please give me two cups of water.?

　　 [析] 雖然coffee, water, tea等都是物質名詞,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.?

　　 colour(color) ?

　　 [誤] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [析] 中文的花的顏色有紅色、黃色和白色,若譯為英文Colours of flowers are,就顯得重復了。?

　　 [誤] I like green colour.?

　　 [正] I like green.?

　　 [正] I like colour green.?

　　 [析] colour green中的colour是green的同位語,所以這種說話方式英語是可以接受的。?

　　 come ?

　　 [誤] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [析] come across是偶然碰見、遇見,要直接加賓語,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.?

　　 [誤] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where did you come from??

　　 I came from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from China. ?

　　 [析] Where do you come from?意為你是什么地方的人??而Where did you come from?則是你從何處來? ?

　　 [誤] The stars are coming out from the cloud.?

　　 [正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.?

　　 [析] come out of意為從地方出來。?

　　 come in come into enter ?

　　 come in與come into的意義相同,但come into后面要加賓語,而come in后面不用賓語。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.?

　　 enter常作為及物動詞使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.?

　　 congratulate ?

　　 [誤] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.?

　　 [正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.?

　　 [析] 動詞congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝賀某事。其名詞congratulation在用時一般要用復數,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.

　　 又如:Congratulations!?

　　 cook ?

　　 [誤] My father is a good cooker.?

　　 [正] My father is a good cook.?

　　 [析] 很多動詞加上?er則變為執行該動作的一種人,如work?worker,teach?teacher. 但cook即是動詞做飯,同時名詞也是廚師。而cooker則是廚具、炊具之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。?

　　 corner ?

　　 [誤] There is a post office in the corner of the street.?

　　 [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.?

　　 [誤] A girl sat at the corner of the room.?

　　 [正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.?

　　 [析] in the corner是在建筑物內部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.?

　　 cost ?

　　 [誤] I cost ten dollars for the book.?

　　 [正] I spent ten dollars on the book.?

　　 [誤] I cost two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [正] It took me two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [析] cost, spend. take都可以作花費講,但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢,如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+時間+(in)doing something,如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody+spend+金錢+on something,如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:It+takes+somebody+時間+to do something, 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.?

　　 country ?

　　 [誤] You can find cows in a country.?

　　 [正] You can find cows in the country.?

　　 [析] country即可作國家講,也可作農村講。當作農村講時,一定要加定冠詞,而且只有單數形式。例如:?

　　 [誤] Farmers live in the countries.?

　　 [正] Farmers live in the country.?

　　 [析] 但作為國家講時則可有單、復數形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的國家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國家,如:The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側重于政權方面的區域、國家范圍,如:the state farm(國營農場)。?

　　 cross ?

　　 [誤] There are traffic lights at the cross.?

　　 [正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.?

　　 [析] cross作為名詞講時是十字架、十字形的東西,如:Red Cross(紅十字會)。?

　　 [誤] The little boy is going to across the street.?

　　 [正] The little boy is going to cross the street.?

　　 [析] across是副詞或介詞,但不能作動詞用。?

　　 cross pass ?

　　 cross是指橫過某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass則強調從某物體旁經過,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.?

　　 crowd ?

　　 [誤] The room soon was crowded by people.?

　　 [正] The room soon was crowded with people.?

　　 [析] crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞,所以這句話不是被動語態而是系表結構,如:The room was crowded with books.?

　　 cup ?

　　 [誤] A silver glass was given to the winner.?

　　 [正] A silver cup was given to the winner.?

　　 [誤] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.?

　　 [正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.?

　　 [析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我們講I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不講I drink a cup of wine at supper.?

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