2023年高考英語閱讀理解練習及答案（2）

由雕龍文庫 分享時間：2024-03-14 00:51:49 收藏本文

　　Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Icelands volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.

　　WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.

　　Other experts, however, werent convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples health and said WHOs warnings were hysterical. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe its health effects are often minimal, experts say.

　　Not all particles are created equal, said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful. And he said most Europeans exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.

　　Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we havent heard of any ill effects there, he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was over the top and a bit hysterical.

　　1. The text is mainly about .

　　A. the effect of volcanic ash

　　B. the health risk of volcanic ash

　　C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash

　　D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash

　　2. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?

　　A. The volcanic ashs effects on Europeans were little.

　　B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.

　　C. Other experts thought WTOS warnings were useful.

　　D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.

　　3. The underlined word hysterical in Paragraph4 most probably means .

　　A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated

　　4. What can we learn from the passage?

　　A. The volcanic ash wouldnt be harmful to people.

　　B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.

　　C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.

　　D. Europeans should stay indoors because Icelands volcano starts settling.

　　答案：

　　1.D. 主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對人的健康的危害問題世衛組織和其他專家給出不同觀點。A太籠統;B不能體現不同的觀點;C與文章內容無關;D符合題意。

　　2. A. 細節理解題。第三段最后一句可知A是正確的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruptionin healthy people.可知B錯誤;由第三段中Other experts, however, werent convinced cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。

　　3. D. 詞義猜測題。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正確, 夸大的，言過其實的。

　　4.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance.. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正確。ABD觀點表達絕對。