高中英語語法-利用 and 巧解題

　　利用 and 巧解題

　　　　and 是并列連詞，它既能連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，也能連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。我們可以通過分析它在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的功能，從而巧妙地解題。

　　　　一、 and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。由 and 所連接的兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上要一致。例如：

　　　　（ 1 ） We rushed back to the palace and looked for it.

　　　　（ 2 ） Father sat at the desk and wrote something.

　　　　（ 3 ） I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man.

　　　　句（ 1 ）可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式作目的狀語： We rushed back to the palace to look for it.

　　　　句（ 2 ）可轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語： Father sat at the desk writing something.

　　　　句（ 3 ）中 and 連接兩個(gè)不定式，后一個(gè)不定式 to 要省略。

　　　　例 1 ： The goat rolled over and_______

　　　　A. died B. dead

　　　　C. dying D. death

　　　　分析：選 A . and 連接兩個(gè)并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 B ，形容詞 dead 作主語的補(bǔ)足語。

　　　　例 2 ： He called at every door and people ______ the exciting news.

　　　　A. tell B. telling

　　　　C. told D. having told

　　　　分析：選 C . called 和 told 為并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 B ，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語；若既無 and 也無逗號(hào)，則用不定式 to tell 作目的狀語。

　　　　例 3 ： She went to the market， ______ everything she needed and took a taxi home.

　　　　A. buy B. bought

　　　　C. buying D. to buy

　　　　分析：選 B .這是三個(gè)并列謂語，前兩個(gè)用逗號(hào)隔開，最后一個(gè)用 and 連接，即 went ，bought and took 在不同的語境中，也可用其他并列連詞，如 or， but 等。

　　　　二、 and 連接并列分句。這種并列句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句或從句。

　　　　1. 并列句和簡單句、狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

　　　　Use your head and you will find a way.

　　　　此句可轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句： Using your head， you will find a way.

　　　　還可轉(zhuǎn)換為 if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句： If you use your head， you will find a way.

　　　　例 1 ： _____ and they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　A. It being a fine day

　　　　B. Being a fine day

　　　　C. It is a fine day

　　　　D. It was a fine day

　　　　分析：選 D .這是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，其時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 A ，是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此句還可轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句： As it was a fine day， they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　2. 并列句和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

　　　　They are hollow and this makes them very light.

　　　　此句可轉(zhuǎn)換為 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句： They are hollow， which makes them very light.

　　　　例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise and brought her heart into her mouth.

　　　　A. which B. it

　　　　C. / D. what

　　　　分析：選 B .這是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，后一分句的主語應(yīng)用 it ；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 A ，是 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

　　　　例 3 ： She had two sons and _______ were doctors.

　　　　A. all of them

　　　　B. all of whom

　　　　C. both of them

　　　　D. both of whom

　　　　分析：選 C .這也是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句， both of them 為后一個(gè)分句的主語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 D ，是 both of whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

　　　　試判斷下列句子的正誤：

　　　　1. The weather turned out to be very good， it was more than we could expect.

　　　　2. Spring comes， leaves turn green.

　　　　3. Keep on trying， you'll succeed.

　　　　4. They get coal out of the ground， changing it into electricity and send it to many places.

　　　　5. He has made a wonderful discovery， which I think it is of great help to us.

　　　　6. They got off the train， carrying all their cases and their father's jacket.

　　　　7. Turning down the radio － the baby is sleeping.

　　　　8. I have three coats， none of them fit me.

　　　　9. The secretary worked into the night， preparing a long speech for the president.

　　　　10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the city， most of which we can't remember clearly.

　　　　分析：

　　　　1. 錯(cuò)誤。 it 改為 which ；或在 it 前加 and .

　　　　2. 錯(cuò)誤。 comes 改為 coming ，是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；或在 leaves 前加 and .

　　　　3. 錯(cuò)誤。 Keep 改為 Keeping ；或在 you 前加 and .

　　　　4. 錯(cuò)誤。 changing 改為 change ，和 send 是并列謂語。

　　　　5. 錯(cuò)誤。去掉 it， which 是定語從句中的主語， I think 是插入語。

　　　　6. 正確。 carrying 是伴隨狀語。

　　　　7. 錯(cuò)誤。 Turning 改為 Turn .

　　　　8. 錯(cuò)誤。 them 改為 which ；或在 none 前加 but .

　　　　9. 正確。 preparing 是伴隨狀語。

　　　　10. 錯(cuò)誤。 which 改為 them ，前一個(gè)分句是 as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，所以后一個(gè)分句的主語應(yīng)是 most of them .

　　利用 and 巧解題

　　　　and 是并列連詞，它既能連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，也能連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。我們可以通過分析它在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的功能，從而巧妙地解題。

　　　　一、 and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。由 and 所連接的兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上要一致。例如：

　　　　（ 1 ） We rushed back to the palace and looked for it.

　　　　（ 2 ） Father sat at the desk and wrote something.

　　　　（ 3 ） I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man.

　　　　句（ 1 ）可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式作目的狀語： We rushed back to the palace to look for it.

　　　　句（ 2 ）可轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語： Father sat at the desk writing something.

　　　　句（ 3 ）中 and 連接兩個(gè)不定式，后一個(gè)不定式 to 要省略。

　　　　例 1 ： The goat rolled over and_______

　　　　A. died B. dead

　　　　C. dying D. death

　　　　分析：選 A . and 連接兩個(gè)并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 B ，形容詞 dead 作主語的補(bǔ)足語。

　　　　例 2 ： He called at every door and people ______ the exciting news.

　　　　A. tell B. telling

　　　　C. told D. having told

　　　　分析：選 C . called 和 told 為并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 B ，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語；若既無 and 也無逗號(hào)，則用不定式 to tell 作目的狀語。

　　　　例 3 ： She went to the market， ______ everything she needed and took a taxi home.

　　　　A. buy B. bought

　　　　C. buying D. to buy

　　　　分析：選 B .這是三個(gè)并列謂語，前兩個(gè)用逗號(hào)隔開，最后一個(gè)用 and 連接，即 went ，bought and took 在不同的語境中，也可用其他并列連詞，如 or， but 等。

　　　　二、 and 連接并列分句。這種并列句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句或從句。

　　　　1. 并列句和簡單句、狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

　　　　Use your head and you will find a way.

　　　　此句可轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句： Using your head， you will find a way.

　　　　還可轉(zhuǎn)換為 if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句： If you use your head， you will find a way.

　　　　例 1 ： _____ and they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　A. It being a fine day

　　　　B. Being a fine day

　　　　C. It is a fine day

　　　　D. It was a fine day

　　　　分析：選 D .這是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，其時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 A ，是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此句還可轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句： As it was a fine day， they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　2. 并列句和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

　　　　They are hollow and this makes them very light.

　　　　此句可轉(zhuǎn)換為 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句： They are hollow， which makes them very light.

　　　　例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise and brought her heart into her mouth.

　　　　A. which B. it

　　　　C. / D. what

　　　　分析：選 B .這是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，后一分句的主語應(yīng)用 it ；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 A ，是 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

　　　　例 3 ： She had two sons and _______ were doctors.

　　　　A. all of them

　　　　B. all of whom

　　　　C. both of them

　　　　D. both of whom

　　　　分析：選 C .這也是由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句， both of them 為后一個(gè)分句的主語；若將 and 改為逗號(hào)，則選 D ，是 both of whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

　　　　試判斷下列句子的正誤：

　　　　1. The weather turned out to be very good， it was more than we could expect.

　　　　2. Spring comes， leaves turn green.

　　　　3. Keep on trying， you'll succeed.

　　　　4. They get coal out of the ground， changing it into electricity and send it to many places.

　　　　5. He has made a wonderful discovery， which I think it is of great help to us.

　　　　6. They got off the train， carrying all their cases and their father's jacket.

　　　　7. Turning down the radio － the baby is sleeping.

　　　　8. I have three coats， none of them fit me.

　　　　9. The secretary worked into the night， preparing a long speech for the president.

　　　　10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the city， most of which we can't remember clearly.

　　　　分析：

　　　　1. 錯(cuò)誤。 it 改為 which ；或在 it 前加 and .

　　　　2. 錯(cuò)誤。 comes 改為 coming ，是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；或在 leaves 前加 and .

　　　　3. 錯(cuò)誤。 Keep 改為 Keeping ；或在 you 前加 and .

　　　　4. 錯(cuò)誤。 changing 改為 change ，和 send 是并列謂語。

　　　　5. 錯(cuò)誤。去掉 it， which 是定語從句中的主語， I think 是插入語。

　　　　6. 正確。 carrying 是伴隨狀語。

　　　　7. 錯(cuò)誤。 Turning 改為 Turn .

　　　　8. 錯(cuò)誤。 them 改為 which ；或在 none 前加 but .

　　　　9. 正確。 preparing 是伴隨狀語。

　　　　10. 錯(cuò)誤。 which 改為 them ，前一個(gè)分句是 as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，所以后一個(gè)分句的主語應(yīng)是 most of them .