高中英語語法-淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
1. 當虛擬條件從句中的謂語動詞和主句中的謂語動詞發生的時間不一致時,主句和從句的謂語動詞應根據實際的時間選用適當的動詞形式。如:
If you had earned enough money,you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已掙了足夠的錢,你今后就會過上幸福的生活。
(從句與過去事實相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時;主句與將來事實相反,謂語動詞用 would/should/could/might+ 動詞原形。)
2. 在虛擬語氣中,有時假設的情況并不是以條件狀語從句的形式表示,而是通過相應的介詞或連詞來表示,如 without, but for, or, but, otherwise 等。如:
But for your help,we couldnt have finished the task in time. (= If you hadnt helped us tomorrow)
要不是你的幫助,我們就不會按時完成任務。
3. 在 if 引導的虛擬條件句中,如果條件狀語從句位于句首,且從句中含有 were, had 或 should ,則可以省略 if ,并用倒裝結構。如:
Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home. (= If it should rain tomorrow)
如果明天下雨,我們就得呆在家里。
4. 如果主句中含有 would rather, would as soon, would sooner 或 would prefer ,則從句要用過去時表示當時或將來的情況,用過去完成時表示過去的情況,表達希望或婉轉的責備。如:
I would prefer he worked hard.
我倒希望他能夠努力學習。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
5. 在 Its (high/ about) time + that 從句中, that 從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,表示是該的時候了,其形式為一般過去時或 should + 動詞原形,但 should 不能省略。如:
Its time that we began our meeting.
是該開會的時候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.
是我們該告訴他真相的時候了。
6. 在表示建議、命令、要求、堅持( suggest , order , demand , propose , request , command , insist )等相關的名詞性從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動詞原形。如:
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.
要求我們在天亮之前趕到小村莊的命令剛剛下達。(同位語從句)
The suggestion is that we (should) recite a passage each day.
建議是我們每天應背誦一篇短文。(表語從句)
It is demanded that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
我們被要求今晚之前把一切都準備好。(主語從句)
7. 在 It is + 形容詞 + that 從句中,從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動詞原形。這類形容詞有 necessary, important, essential, strange, natural 等。如:
It is necessary that he (should)be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他進醫院是非常必要的。
8. 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的賓語從句,其謂語要用虛擬語氣。當 wish 表示的是與現在或當時事實相反的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用一般過去時或過去進行時;當 wish 表示的是與過去事實相反的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用過去完成時;當 wish 表示的是將來難以實現的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用 would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形。如:
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足夠的錢來買一輛小汽車。(表示的是現在)
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機會。(表示的是過去)
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
我希望長大后能夠參軍。(表示的是將來)
9. 在 insist 和 suggest 后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣表示建議、要求或命令。但當 insist 表示堅稱;主張時,賓語從句要用陳述語氣;當 suggest 表示表明;暗示時,賓語從句也要用陳述語氣。如:
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.
她堅持說她曾看見一個小偷從窗口爬進了房間。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上的微笑表明他已通過了考試。
10. 在 as if / as though 引導的狀語從句表示的是非真實情況時,從句的謂語動詞要用過去時或過去完成時。如:
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她談論那部影片,就好像她確實看過一樣。
安徽梁靜淵
淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
1. 當虛擬條件從句中的謂語動詞和主句中的謂語動詞發生的時間不一致時,主句和從句的謂語動詞應根據實際的時間選用適當的動詞形式。如:
If you had earned enough money,you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已掙了足夠的錢,你今后就會過上幸福的生活。
(從句與過去事實相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時;主句與將來事實相反,謂語動詞用 would/should/could/might+ 動詞原形。)
2. 在虛擬語氣中,有時假設的情況并不是以條件狀語從句的形式表示,而是通過相應的介詞或連詞來表示,如 without, but for, or, but, otherwise 等。如:
But for your help,we couldnt have finished the task in time. (= If you hadnt helped us tomorrow)
要不是你的幫助,我們就不會按時完成任務。
3. 在 if 引導的虛擬條件句中,如果條件狀語從句位于句首,且從句中含有 were, had 或 should ,則可以省略 if ,并用倒裝結構。如:
Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home. (= If it should rain tomorrow)
如果明天下雨,我們就得呆在家里。
4. 如果主句中含有 would rather, would as soon, would sooner 或 would prefer ,則從句要用過去時表示當時或將來的情況,用過去完成時表示過去的情況,表達希望或婉轉的責備。如:
I would prefer he worked hard.
我倒希望他能夠努力學習。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
5. 在 Its (high/ about) time + that 從句中, that 從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,表示是該的時候了,其形式為一般過去時或 should + 動詞原形,但 should 不能省略。如:
Its time that we began our meeting.
是該開會的時候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.
是我們該告訴他真相的時候了。
6. 在表示建議、命令、要求、堅持( suggest , order , demand , propose , request , command , insist )等相關的名詞性從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動詞原形。如:
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.
要求我們在天亮之前趕到小村莊的命令剛剛下達。(同位語從句)
The suggestion is that we (should) recite a passage each day.
建議是我們每天應背誦一篇短文。(表語從句)
It is demanded that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
我們被要求今晚之前把一切都準備好。(主語從句)
7. 在 It is + 形容詞 + that 從句中,從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動詞原形。這類形容詞有 necessary, important, essential, strange, natural 等。如:
It is necessary that he (should)be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他進醫院是非常必要的。
8. 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的賓語從句,其謂語要用虛擬語氣。當 wish 表示的是與現在或當時事實相反的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用一般過去時或過去進行時;當 wish 表示的是與過去事實相反的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用過去完成時;當 wish 表示的是將來難以實現的愿望時,它所引起賓語從句的謂語動詞要用 would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形。如:
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足夠的錢來買一輛小汽車。(表示的是現在)
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機會。(表示的是過去)
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
我希望長大后能夠參軍。(表示的是將來)
9. 在 insist 和 suggest 后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣表示建議、要求或命令。但當 insist 表示堅稱;主張時,賓語從句要用陳述語氣;當 suggest 表示表明;暗示時,賓語從句也要用陳述語氣。如:
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.
她堅持說她曾看見一個小偷從窗口爬進了房間。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上的微笑表明他已通過了考試。
10. 在 as if / as though 引導的狀語從句表示的是非真實情況時,從句的謂語動詞要用過去時或過去完成時。如:
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她談論那部影片,就好像她確實看過一樣。
安徽梁靜淵