高中英語語法-主謂一致中的三原則之一
主謂一致中的三原則(2)之一
【意義一致原則】
I. 集合名詞作主語時:
1. 有些通常作復數用(不變詞形)。如:people,police,cattle (牛,牲口),folk,youth,militia (民兵),等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕獲兇手。
2. 有些指整體時作單數,指其中的成員時作復數(不變詞形)。如 army,audience(聽眾),class,club (俱樂部),company(公司),committee(委員會),crew,crowd,staff(員工),family,public,government,group,party,union,couple,population,team .等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one. 我們有個幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 這家人都起得早。
③The public are (is )requested not to litter. 請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。
但上述集合名詞也可有復數形式。如:families,two classes .等。有些變復數形式后意義不同。如:peoples多個民族。 youths男青年。 folks親友。
II. 代詞作主語時:
1. 不定代詞each,one,much,(a)little,elther,neither,another,the other(+單名)等常作單數用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl)has a new hat. 每個女孩都有頂新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me. 兩個計劃都不適合我。
2. 下列復合不定代詞一般作單數用:someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,eveything,nobody,no one,nothig 等。e.g.
①Is everybody here? 都到齊了嗎?
②There was nothing special then. 那時沒什么特別情況。
3. 下列不定代詞作復數用:(a)few,many,several,both等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests)were familiar to us. 沒幾個(客人)是我們熟識的。
②Both / Both (of)these are interesting. 兩部影片都有趣。
4. 下列代詞須視其具體所指來決定單、復數:
1)what,which,who,whose 等。e.g.
①Who is your brother?你兄弟是誰?
②Who are League Members .哪些是團員?
2)all,some,more,most,any,none,a lot(of ),lots (of ),等。e.g.
①All (of the students)are working hard .(所有的學生)都在用功。
②All (of the paint)is fine .(這些油漆)都很好。
3)half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of),the remainder(of )余下的),等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。
②Half of the apple is bad .這只蘋果壞了一半。
Ⅲ. 數詞、數量、單位等詞語作主語時:
1. 表示運算的數詞通常作單數 .e.g.
Ten times four makes(make)forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表時間、距離、金額、度量衡等的詞語,作整體看時作單數用,側重指若干單位時作復數用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光陰,彈指一揮間。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他離開已二十個年頭了。
3.分數、百分數通常依其具體所指來決定單、復數。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is)worth reading. 這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. a number of (許多)/ a varlety of (各式各樣)+復數名詞,常作復數用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is)from Sichuan. 這個班有不少同學來自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。
但是,the number(數目)/ the variety(種類)+ of + 復數名詞,作單數。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled. 這所大學的學生人數翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 這家商店貨物品種豐富。
Ⅳ. 單、復數同形或易混的詞作主語時:
1.以-ics結尾的學科名詞:指教育、科研的某一學科,作單數。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎覺得數學不難。
但是,表具體的學業、活動等時,多用作復數。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak. 她數學差。(指學業成績、能力)
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治觀點如何?
2. works工廠,means方法,series系列,species物種,aircraft飛機等名詞單、復數同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復數。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago. 這(幾)家工廠是兩年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have)been tried. 各種辦法都試過了。
這類名詞通常還有fish,deer,sheep,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風箱),plastics,gallows (絞架),manners(禮貌),whereabouts (行蹤),等。(但news(消息)是不可數名詞,通常只作單數用。)
Ⅴ. the + 形容詞/分詞作主語時:
1. 指一類人或事物時,常用作復數用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英國人講英語。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 廢品堆在角落里。
2.指某一個人,或抽象的事物時,作單數用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父親。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、進步的事物總是要戰勝舊的東西。
Ⅵ. 專用名詞作主語時:
1.書名、劇名、報刊名、國家名等通常作單數用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美國成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜譚》很有趣。
2.書刊名有時作單數或復數兩可,尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Not
主謂一致中的三原則(2)之一
【意義一致原則】
I. 集合名詞作主語時:
1. 有些通常作復數用(不變詞形)。如:people,police,cattle (牛,牲口),folk,youth,militia (民兵),等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕獲兇手。
2. 有些指整體時作單數,指其中的成員時作復數(不變詞形)。如 army,audience(聽眾),class,club (俱樂部),company(公司),committee(委員會),crew,crowd,staff(員工),family,public,government,group,party,union,couple,population,team .等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one. 我們有個幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 這家人都起得早。
③The public are (is )requested not to litter. 請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。
但上述集合名詞也可有復數形式。如:families,two classes .等。有些變復數形式后意義不同。如:peoples多個民族。 youths男青年。 folks親友。
II. 代詞作主語時:
1. 不定代詞each,one,much,(a)little,elther,neither,another,the other(+單名)等常作單數用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl)has a new hat. 每個女孩都有頂新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me. 兩個計劃都不適合我。
2. 下列復合不定代詞一般作單數用:someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,eveything,nobody,no one,nothig 等。e.g.
①Is everybody here? 都到齊了嗎?
②There was nothing special then. 那時沒什么特別情況。
3. 下列不定代詞作復數用:(a)few,many,several,both等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests)were familiar to us. 沒幾個(客人)是我們熟識的。
②Both / Both (of)these are interesting. 兩部影片都有趣。
4. 下列代詞須視其具體所指來決定單、復數:
1)what,which,who,whose 等。e.g.
①Who is your brother?你兄弟是誰?
②Who are League Members .哪些是團員?
2)all,some,more,most,any,none,a lot(of ),lots (of ),等。e.g.
①All (of the students)are working hard .(所有的學生)都在用功。
②All (of the paint)is fine .(這些油漆)都很好。
3)half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of),the remainder(of )余下的),等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。
②Half of the apple is bad .這只蘋果壞了一半。
Ⅲ. 數詞、數量、單位等詞語作主語時:
1. 表示運算的數詞通常作單數 .e.g.
Ten times four makes(make)forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表時間、距離、金額、度量衡等的詞語,作整體看時作單數用,側重指若干單位時作復數用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光陰,彈指一揮間。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他離開已二十個年頭了。
3.分數、百分數通常依其具體所指來決定單、復數。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is)worth reading. 這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. a number of (許多)/ a varlety of (各式各樣)+復數名詞,常作復數用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is)from Sichuan. 這個班有不少同學來自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。
但是,the number(數目)/ the variety(種類)+ of + 復數名詞,作單數。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled. 這所大學的學生人數翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 這家商店貨物品種豐富。
Ⅳ. 單、復數同形或易混的詞作主語時:
1.以-ics結尾的學科名詞:指教育、科研的某一學科,作單數。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎覺得數學不難。
但是,表具體的學業、活動等時,多用作復數。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak. 她數學差。(指學業成績、能力)
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治觀點如何?
2. works工廠,means方法,series系列,species物種,aircraft飛機等名詞單、復數同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復數。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago. 這(幾)家工廠是兩年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have)been tried. 各種辦法都試過了。
這類名詞通常還有fish,deer,sheep,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風箱),plastics,gallows (絞架),manners(禮貌),whereabouts (行蹤),等。(但news(消息)是不可數名詞,通常只作單數用。)
Ⅴ. the + 形容詞/分詞作主語時:
1. 指一類人或事物時,常用作復數用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英國人講英語。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 廢品堆在角落里。
2.指某一個人,或抽象的事物時,作單數用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父親。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、進步的事物總是要戰勝舊的東西。
Ⅵ. 專用名詞作主語時:
1.書名、劇名、報刊名、國家名等通常作單數用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美國成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜譚》很有趣。
2.書刊名有時作單數或復數兩可,尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Not