高中英語語法-使用被動語態(tài)應受哪些限制
使用被動語態(tài)應受哪些限制
英語和漢語一樣,其動作都有主動和被動之分,漢語中不是所有的動詞都可采用被動結構;同樣道理,英語中也有不少動詞不能用于被動結構,即被動語態(tài)。英語中,除不及物動詞---即后面不能加賓語的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)外,還有下列情況不能使用被動語態(tài)的結構:
一、表示靜態(tài)、容納、適合等的及物動詞。例如:
She has a nice car.
The woolen coat fits her well.
二、賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞。例如:
They promised me to go with me.
Mr.Smith wanted to have a try.
I enjoy listening to pop music.
三、賓語是反身代詞。例如:
She hurt herself this morning.
They warned themselves to be careful.
四、賓語是人身上的一部分或器官。例如:
He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.
I could hardly believe my ears.
五、賓語是相互代詞。例如:
They help each other in study.
We must learn from each other.
六、表示地點、處所、機構、團體、組織的名詞作賓語。例如:
She joined the Party last year.
My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.
七、賓語表示行為、方式,在意義上相當于狀語。例如:
She did her best.
We shall make up our minds.
八、賓語表示數(shù)量、重量、長度、大小等,在意義上相當于狀語。例如:
They walked two miles.
The film lasted one and a half hours.
This desk weighs 10kilograms.
九、系動詞sound,look,become,appear等也不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:
Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.
This plan sounds a good one.
十、一些詞,如happen,take place,occur,last,belong to等等,在漢語角度看來可用被動結構,但英語只能用主動結構。例如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.
This car belongs to my uncle.
十一、及物動詞及其賓語在意義上構成不可分割的固定詞組。例如:
I made faces to have the baby laugh.
We should never lose heart.
十二、一些賓語從句也不能變成被動語態(tài),否則意義就變了。例如:
I knew that I was wrong then.(我認識到當時我錯了。)
It was known that I was wrong then.
=I was known to be wrong then.(人們知道當時我錯了。)
十三、當賓語是抽象名詞時。例如:
We showed special interest in science.
十四、當賓語為同源賓語時。例如:
We lived a hard life in the old days.
總之,能否用被動語態(tài),除了應了解英語的一些語法規(guī)則之外,還要充分考慮漢語的說話習慣,掌握其普通規(guī)律,同時注意一些特殊情況,否則就會出現(xiàn)中國式英語,也沒法學到地道的英語。
使用被動語態(tài)應受哪些限制
英語和漢語一樣,其動作都有主動和被動之分,漢語中不是所有的動詞都可采用被動結構;同樣道理,英語中也有不少動詞不能用于被動結構,即被動語態(tài)。英語中,除不及物動詞---即后面不能加賓語的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)外,還有下列情況不能使用被動語態(tài)的結構:
一、表示靜態(tài)、容納、適合等的及物動詞。例如:
She has a nice car.
The woolen coat fits her well.
二、賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞。例如:
They promised me to go with me.
Mr.Smith wanted to have a try.
I enjoy listening to pop music.
三、賓語是反身代詞。例如:
She hurt herself this morning.
They warned themselves to be careful.
四、賓語是人身上的一部分或器官。例如:
He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.
I could hardly believe my ears.
五、賓語是相互代詞。例如:
They help each other in study.
We must learn from each other.
六、表示地點、處所、機構、團體、組織的名詞作賓語。例如:
She joined the Party last year.
My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.
七、賓語表示行為、方式,在意義上相當于狀語。例如:
She did her best.
We shall make up our minds.
八、賓語表示數(shù)量、重量、長度、大小等,在意義上相當于狀語。例如:
They walked two miles.
The film lasted one and a half hours.
This desk weighs 10kilograms.
九、系動詞sound,look,become,appear等也不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:
Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.
This plan sounds a good one.
十、一些詞,如happen,take place,occur,last,belong to等等,在漢語角度看來可用被動結構,但英語只能用主動結構。例如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.
This car belongs to my uncle.
十一、及物動詞及其賓語在意義上構成不可分割的固定詞組。例如:
I made faces to have the baby laugh.
We should never lose heart.
十二、一些賓語從句也不能變成被動語態(tài),否則意義就變了。例如:
I knew that I was wrong then.(我認識到當時我錯了。)
It was known that I was wrong then.
=I was known to be wrong then.(人們知道當時我錯了。)
十三、當賓語是抽象名詞時。例如:
We showed special interest in science.
十四、當賓語為同源賓語時。例如:
We lived a hard life in the old days.
總之,能否用被動語態(tài),除了應了解英語的一些語法規(guī)則之外,還要充分考慮漢語的說話習慣,掌握其普通規(guī)律,同時注意一些特殊情況,否則就會出現(xiàn)中國式英語,也沒法學到地道的英語。