[動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)]過去完成時(shí)
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|---- 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發(fā)生在去取書這一過去的動(dòng)作之前,因此忘了書這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),表示在同學(xué)們正忙于這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意: had hardly when 還沒等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|---- 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發(fā)生在去取書這一過去的動(dòng)作之前,因此忘了書這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),表示在同學(xué)們正忙于這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意: had hardly when 還沒等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。