英語講義【48】"Let"引導的祈使句
由let帶頭的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是個常見的動詞句型,它的主要用法有下列三種:
1.表示建議。
這個句型里的let后頭緊跟著一個第一人稱的代詞賓語,如:
(1) Let me try.
(2) Lets do it.
(3) Let me go and look for it.
這個句型語氣委婉,比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較(4)a和(4)b:
(4) a. Dont disturb him.
b. Lets not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令,語氣強烈,不如(b)溫柔悅耳。
2.表示間接命令或愿望。
這句型里的動詞賓語是第三人稱名詞或代詞,如:
(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
(6) Let her join our choir.
3.表示警告、蔑視、威脅等。
這種祈使句里的賓語也是第三人稱為主。除了口氣兇悍之外,有時還語帶諷刺,如:
(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
用let的祈使句時,必須注意下列幾點:
一、let 的否定句有二。如果賓語是第三人稱用Dont let(見例(9));如果賓語是第一人稱,則用Letnot (見例(10)):
(9) Dont let this type of things happen again.
(10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain.
二、Let只適用于現在時態,可以有被動語態 (the passive voice),如:
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、Let后頭除了是不帶to的不定式動詞 (The infinitive withoutto)之外,還可以是某些適當的副詞,如out, in, down, alone等:
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
(16) Let me alone, please.
四、用Let時,把談話者的對象包括在內;用Let us時,并不包括對方,如:
(17) Lets try it, shall we?
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
從(17)里的shall we和(18)里的will you,不難知道前者包括聽話人,后者并沒有。
由let帶頭的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是個常見的動詞句型,它的主要用法有下列三種:
1.表示建議。
這個句型里的let后頭緊跟著一個第一人稱的代詞賓語,如:
(1) Let me try.
(2) Lets do it.
(3) Let me go and look for it.
這個句型語氣委婉,比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較(4)a和(4)b:
(4) a. Dont disturb him.
b. Lets not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令,語氣強烈,不如(b)溫柔悅耳。
2.表示間接命令或愿望。
這句型里的動詞賓語是第三人稱名詞或代詞,如:
(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
(6) Let her join our choir.
3.表示警告、蔑視、威脅等。
這種祈使句里的賓語也是第三人稱為主。除了口氣兇悍之外,有時還語帶諷刺,如:
(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
用let的祈使句時,必須注意下列幾點:
一、let 的否定句有二。如果賓語是第三人稱用Dont let(見例(9));如果賓語是第一人稱,則用Letnot (見例(10)):
(9) Dont let this type of things happen again.
(10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain.
二、Let只適用于現在時態,可以有被動語態 (the passive voice),如:
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、Let后頭除了是不帶to的不定式動詞 (The infinitive withoutto)之外,還可以是某些適當的副詞,如out, in, down, alone等:
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
(16) Let me alone, please.
四、用Let時,把談話者的對象包括在內;用Let us時,并不包括對方,如:
(17) Lets try it, shall we?
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
從(17)里的shall we和(18)里的will you,不難知道前者包括聽話人,后者并沒有。