SAT閱讀文章：A Chemist
下面SAT思為大家整理了SAT閱讀文章：A Chemist，供考生們參考，以下是詳細內容。
下面為大家整理的是一篇科技方面的SAT閱讀備考材料，是關于化學方面的，一位化學家和點石成金之間的故事，來自紐約時報。大家可以在備考SAT文章閱讀考試的時候根據自己的實際情況，進行背景材料的積累，這樣就更加容易解答相關的題目了。
A Chemist Comes Very Close to a Midas Touch
In a lab in Princeton Universitys ultra-sleek chemistry building, researchers toil in a modern-day hunt for an elusive power: alchemy.
Throughout the centuries, alchemists tried in vain to transform common metals like iron and lead into precious ones like gold or platinum. Today,Paul Chirik, a professor of chemistry at Princeton, has managed a new twist on the timeworn pursuit.
Dr. Chirik, 39, has learned how to make iron function like platinum, in chemical reactions that are crucial to manufacturing scores of basic materials. While he cant, sadly, transmute a lump of iron ore into a pile of valuable jewelry, his version of alchemy is far more practical, and the implications are wide-ranging.
The process could herald a new era of flexible manufacturing technologies, while enabling companies to steer clear of scarce elements as prices rise or obtaining them becomes environmentally or geopolitically risky.
No chemist would think lithium was in short supply, Dr. Chirik said, but what happens if you put a lithium battery in every car? This is why chemistry needs to be ahead of the curve. We need to have adaptable solutions.
Despite the cost and relative scarcity of precious metals iridium, platinum, rhodium we rely on them to manufacture products from denim to beer, pharmaceuticals to fuel cells. The elements are used as catalysts, substances that kick off or enable chemical reactions.
Dr. Chiriks work involves dissolved catalysts, which are mixed into the end product. The molecules of the catalyst dissipate during the reaction. For instance, a solution containing platinum is used to make silicone emulsifiers, compounds that in turn feed products like makeup, cookware and glue. Tiny amounts of the expensive metal are scattered in all these things; your jeans, for instance, contain unrecoverable particles of platinum.
Were not about to run out of platinum, said Matthew Hartings, a chemist at American University in Washington, but this process spends that platinum in a nonsustainable way.
Dr. Chiriks chemistry essentially wraps an iron molecule in another, organic molecule called a ligand. The ligand alters the number of electrons available to form bonds. It also serves as a scaffold, giving the molecule shape. Geometry is really important in chemistry, Dr. Hartings said. Dr. Chiriks ligands help the iron to be in the right geometry to help these reactions along.
In addition to iron, Dr. Chiriks lab also works with cobalt, which sits beside iron on the periodic table. Using cobalt, Dr. Chirik said, the scientists have generated a whole new reaction that no one has ever seen before. It produces new types of plastics using very inexpensive starting materials.
But the price of cobalt has shot up since the lab first began its research, thanks to the elements use in the flat batteries that power gadgets like iPads and iPhones.
The iPad has completely changed the price of cobalt, Dr. Chirik said, so something that once was garbage is now valuable.
While the rising cost may undermine the economic incentive to use Dr. Chiriks cobalt-fueled materials, it seems to perfectly underscore his basic point about the need for flexibility.
Theres a broad appeal and logic to focusing on more abundant elements in designing catalysts, said Roderick Eggert, a professor of economics and business at the Colorado School of Mines.
A vast majority of the chemicals we manufacture and then use to make other products require catalysts. And a lot of catalysts use so-called noble metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium, which are expensive. A pound of platinum costs about $22,000. A pound of iron, meanwhile, costs about 50 cents.
As an undergraduate chemistry major, Dr. Chirik worked on reactions that used iridium as a catalyst. A pound of iridium costs about $16,000. Dr. Chiriks boss kept the iridium-based compound locked in a desk drawer.
You had to walk from his office to the lab holding it with two hands, and not talk to anyone, Dr. Chirik recalled. The experience left him with the seed of an idea, he said. Why cant we do this with something cheaper?
On a spring afternoon at the Princeton lab, a graduate student toiled away at a glovebox, a vacuum chamber that prevents the iron from rusting. Rust is a potential downside of using iron in manufacturing, and controlling it could prove challenging and expensive. Were not talking about making a dish of spaghetti at home, Dr. Chirik said, referring to the volume of chemicals involved when doing reactions on an industrial scale. It remains to be seen, he said, whether concerns about the use of an air sensitive substance outweigh concerns about the costs and environmental impact of precious metals.
這篇關于化學家尋找點石成金的SAT文章閱讀材料的故事，字數不是很多，但是非常完整，而且生詞量也不是很大。大家完全可以在備考之余作為休息的時候進行閱讀，只要能夠長期積累下來就會有不同程度的收獲的。
以上就是SAT閱讀文章：A Chemist的詳細內容，考生可針對文中介紹的方法進行有針對性的備考。最后預祝大家在SAT考試中取得好成績！
下面SAT思為大家整理了SAT閱讀文章：A Chemist，供考生們參考，以下是詳細內容。
下面為大家整理的是一篇科技方面的SAT閱讀備考材料，是關于化學方面的，一位化學家和點石成金之間的故事，來自紐約時報。大家可以在備考SAT文章閱讀考試的時候根據自己的實際情況，進行背景材料的積累，這樣就更加容易解答相關的題目了。
A Chemist Comes Very Close to a Midas Touch
In a lab in Princeton Universitys ultra-sleek chemistry building, researchers toil in a modern-day hunt for an elusive power: alchemy.
Throughout the centuries, alchemists tried in vain to transform common metals like iron and lead into precious ones like gold or platinum. Today,Paul Chirik, a professor of chemistry at Princeton, has managed a new twist on the timeworn pursuit.
Dr. Chirik, 39, has learned how to make iron function like platinum, in chemical reactions that are crucial to manufacturing scores of basic materials. While he cant, sadly, transmute a lump of iron ore into a pile of valuable jewelry, his version of alchemy is far more practical, and the implications are wide-ranging.
The process could herald a new era of flexible manufacturing technologies, while enabling companies to steer clear of scarce elements as prices rise or obtaining them becomes environmentally or geopolitically risky.
No chemist would think lithium was in short supply, Dr. Chirik said, but what happens if you put a lithium battery in every car? This is why chemistry needs to be ahead of the curve. We need to have adaptable solutions.
Despite the cost and relative scarcity of precious metals iridium, platinum, rhodium we rely on them to manufacture products from denim to beer, pharmaceuticals to fuel cells. The elements are used as catalysts, substances that kick off or enable chemical reactions.
Dr. Chiriks work involves dissolved catalysts, which are mixed into the end product. The molecules of the catalyst dissipate during the reaction. For instance, a solution containing platinum is used to make silicone emulsifiers, compounds that in turn feed products like makeup, cookware and glue. Tiny amounts of the expensive metal are scattered in all these things; your jeans, for instance, contain unrecoverable particles of platinum.
Were not about to run out of platinum, said Matthew Hartings, a chemist at American University in Washington, but this process spends that platinum in a nonsustainable way.
Dr. Chiriks chemistry essentially wraps an iron molecule in another, organic molecule called a ligand. The ligand alters the number of electrons available to form bonds. It also serves as a scaffold, giving the molecule shape. Geometry is really important in chemistry, Dr. Hartings said. Dr. Chiriks ligands help the iron to be in the right geometry to help these reactions along.
In addition to iron, Dr. Chiriks lab also works with cobalt, which sits beside iron on the periodic table. Using cobalt, Dr. Chirik said, the scientists have generated a whole new reaction that no one has ever seen before. It produces new types of plastics using very inexpensive starting materials.
But the price of cobalt has shot up since the lab first began its research, thanks to the elements use in the flat batteries that power gadgets like iPads and iPhones.
The iPad has completely changed the price of cobalt, Dr. Chirik said, so something that once was garbage is now valuable.
While the rising cost may undermine the economic incentive to use Dr. Chiriks cobalt-fueled materials, it seems to perfectly underscore his basic point about the need for flexibility.
Theres a broad appeal and logic to focusing on more abundant elements in designing catalysts, said Roderick Eggert, a professor of economics and business at the Colorado School of Mines.
A vast majority of the chemicals we manufacture and then use to make other products require catalysts. And a lot of catalysts use so-called noble metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium, which are expensive. A pound of platinum costs about $22,000. A pound of iron, meanwhile, costs about 50 cents.
As an undergraduate chemistry major, Dr. Chirik worked on reactions that used iridium as a catalyst. A pound of iridium costs about $16,000. Dr. Chiriks boss kept the iridium-based compound locked in a desk drawer.
You had to walk from his office to the lab holding it with two hands, and not talk to anyone, Dr. Chirik recalled. The experience left him with the seed of an idea, he said. Why cant we do this with something cheaper?
On a spring afternoon at the Princeton lab, a graduate student toiled away at a glovebox, a vacuum chamber that prevents the iron from rusting. Rust is a potential downside of using iron in manufacturing, and controlling it could prove challenging and expensive. Were not talking about making a dish of spaghetti at home, Dr. Chirik said, referring to the volume of chemicals involved when doing reactions on an industrial scale. It remains to be seen, he said, whether concerns about the use of an air sensitive substance outweigh concerns about the costs and environmental impact of precious metals.
這篇關于化學家尋找點石成金的SAT文章閱讀材料的故事，字數不是很多，但是非常完整，而且生詞量也不是很大。大家完全可以在備考之余作為休息的時候進行閱讀，只要能夠長期積累下來就會有不同程度的收獲的。
以上就是SAT閱讀文章：A Chemist的詳細內容，考生可針對文中介紹的方法進行有針對性的備考。最后預祝大家在SAT考試中取得好成績！
