2023考研英語閱讀女性管理者

　　Women in management

　　女性管理者

　　I DON T know any successful women who haven t had a powerful sponsor in theirorganisation to give them their first big break, says Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, the boss of20-first, a consultancy that helps companies put more women into senior jobs.

　　在一個組織里，對于女性而言，沒有過硬的后臺幫助她們完成人生的首次突破，還能夠風(fēng)生水起的，我實(shí)在是沒咋地見過，阿維娃維滕貝格-考克斯，性別顧問公司20-First總裁，如是說。

　　That sentiment is echoed by many people who work in this field.

　　顧問公司20-First幫助很多的公司，讓更多的女性做高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。她的這一觀點(diǎn)得到眾多同行的呼應(yīng)。

　　But why do women need so much help?

　　但是為啥女性需要那么多的幫助呢?

　　Many women who climb the corporate ladder have sponsors, too.

　　許多女性要想晉升，必須有后臺，這一道理同樣適用于公司。

　　Indeed, they find it easier than women to persuade a senior colleague to sponsor them.They are also less likely to build up useful networks of contacts.

　　確實(shí)，女性要想勸高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)幫助自己，不是件太難的事。

　　But women need help more because they are generally more reluctant to promotethemselves.

　　但是女性需要更多的幫助，原因就是，一般來的來說，她們不愿意推銷自己。同時，她們也不大可能去建立一個對自個有用的關(guān)系網(wǎng)。

　　That may help to explain why women,although they now enter white-collar jobs in much the same numbers as men in manycountries, still find it so hard to get anywhere near the executive suite.

　　這也解釋了這樣一個現(xiàn)象，在很多的國家，白領(lǐng)女性的數(shù)量跟男性持平，但是女性進(jìn)入高管還是一個字，難。

　　A new report, Sponsor Effect: UK, produced by the Centre for Talent Innovation, a New Yorkthink-tank, offers a detailed picture of the female talent pipeline in Britain, based on asurvey of about 2,500 graduate employees, mostly of large companies.

　　一份新的報告，《后臺效應(yīng)：英國》，制作者為紐約智囊團(tuán)人才創(chuàng)新中心，詳述描繪了英國女性人才的分布狀況。這份報告的制作，是基于對2500個左右研究生雇員的調(diào)查，且她們基本上都來自大公司。

　　It notes that although women in Britain account for 57% of new recruits to white-collar jobs,they make up just 17% of executive directors and a mere 4% of chief executives of theFTSE s 100 biggest companies.

　　它指出，雖然女性新雇員占白領(lǐng)比例57%，但是在富時指數(shù)的100個大公司里，執(zhí)行理事也就17%，首席執(zhí)行官只有可憐的4%。

　　It is not that the women lack ambition, says the report.

　　報告表示不是說女性沒有雄性壯志。

　　No less than 79% of senior women in the sample said they aspired to a top job and 91%were keen to be promoted.

　　調(diào)查者中，多達(dá)79%的大齡女性表示希望成為高管，91%希望得到晉升。

　　Nor, say the authors, are they necessarily held back by family responsibilities:

　　作者稱，家庭責(zé)任并不一定會拖累她們：

　　nearly two in five of those aged 40 or over had no children.

　　年齡在40或是以上的，接近五分之二，是沒有孩子的，有五分之三的女性是有孩子的，這個確實(shí)不假。

　　Three in five of the over-40s did have children, and talented women who quit work to raisekids are not included in the sample.

　　那些為了照顧孩子而放棄工作的才女們并不在這個范圍之內(nèi)。

　　Still, the survey s main finding is striking.

　　仍然，這個調(diào)查的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)還是會嚇人一跳。

　　Only 16% of the sample had sponsors, defined as people several levels above them whogive them career advice, introduce them to contacts and help them get promotions.

　　調(diào)查者中，只有16%的人有后臺，后臺的意思指的是那些比她們的位子要高那么幾級的人，在工作當(dāng)中給予她們建議，給她們接觸的機(jī)會，幫助她們晉升。

　　Having a sponsor dramatically improves a woman s career prospects.

　　有個后臺，女性在職場上的路要好走非常多。

　　The British report is a follow-on from a similar study by the CTI on America, The SponsorEffect, published last year by the Harvard Business Review.

　　這份英國報告，其實(shí)是美國CTI的一份類似研究的后續(xù)。

　　The CTI is now working on India;

　　這份研究的名稱為《后臺效應(yīng)》，去年在期刊《哈佛商業(yè)評論》上出版。

　　Germany may come after that.

　　CTI現(xiàn)在正在對印度進(jìn)行研究;印度之后可能就是德國。

　　It is also preparing a road map to make it easier for women everywhere to find sponsors.

　　CTI同時也在醞釀一幅公路圖，目的就是為了讓各地的女性更好地找到后臺。

　　Sylvia Ann Hewlett, the CTI s boss, who co-wrote the report, says there are some differencesbetween countries.

　　西爾維亞安休利特，CTI老板，是此份報告的共同撰寫者。她說，各個國家的情況真的還不大一樣。

　　But the broad picture is similar everywhere:

　　但是從更大范圍來看，情況其實(shí)差不多：

　　women underestimate the importance of sponsorship and fail to cultivate businessrelationships effectively.

　　女性低估了后臺的力量，并且沒能夠有效地培養(yǎng)商業(yè)關(guān)系。

　　This may be true, but networking takes time, often after hours.

　　這可能是對的，但是關(guān)系網(wǎng)的維護(hù)還是需要時間的，尤其是下班時間。

　　Are women with children equally willing to put in that extra time?

　　那么，女性會把跟孩子在一起的時間花在培養(yǎng)關(guān)系網(wǎng)上嗎?

　　Drawing attention to the problems of women in upper management makes a useful changefrom the usual lament about the lack of women on boards.

　　把注意力集中到高管女性的問題上，而不是像往常一樣，哀嘆董事會的女性怎么就這么少，要有用的多了。

　　The scarcity of both is a symptom of something bigger:

　　高管女性和董事會女性的稀缺只是問題的一個癥狀，更大的問題是：

　　a lot of employers neither know nor care how many senior women they have working forthem.

　　許多老板對這個有多少女性在為他工作上，不關(guān)心也不在乎。

　　Studies show a correlation between more women in senior positions and superiorcompany performance, though it is hard to know whether more sexual diversity improvesperformance or top-notch firms promote more women.

　　研究顯示，女性高管越多，公司的表現(xiàn)越好，這之間是有一定的關(guān)系的，雖然還不是很確定，到底是性別多樣化促進(jìn)績效呢，還是一流的公司更多的提拔女性呢。

　　How much can sponsorship help?

　　后臺到底能有多大用?

　　Ms Wittenberg-Cox is glum.

　　維滕貝格考克斯女士不清楚。

　　She says there have been so many initiatives that many firms suffer from diversity fatigue,

　　她說，有太多的公司因?yàn)樾詣e單一而缺乏主動性，

　　but none has dealt with the appalling reality of the pipeline.

　　但是并沒有什么人來解決這個可怕的人才分布事實(shí)。

　　The only remedy, she reckons, is a change of thinking at the top.

　　她覺得，唯一的解救方法，恐怕就是高層的變動。

　　詞語解釋

　　1.sponsor n.發(fā)起者，主辦者;擔(dān)保者

　　Who are you, my sponsor?

　　你是誰,我的保證人?

　　2.shrink v.收縮，皺縮

　　Do you know where the shrink ray is?

　　你知道現(xiàn)在縮小激光槍在哪里嗎?

　　3.sentiment n.感情，情緒;情操;意見

　　Love is not only a sentiment but also an art.

　　愛情不僅是感情，也是藝術(shù)。

　　4.executive n.總經(jīng)理;行政部門

　　She s a senior executive in a computer company.

　　她在一家計算機(jī)公司擔(dān)任高級行政人員。

　　5.survey n.調(diào)查，測量

　　The state fosters land survey system.

　　國家建立土地調(diào)查制度。

　　Women in management

　　女性管理者

　　I DON T know any successful women who haven t had a powerful sponsor in theirorganisation to give them their first big break, says Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, the boss of20-first, a consultancy that helps companies put more women into senior jobs.

　　在一個組織里，對于女性而言，沒有過硬的后臺幫助她們完成人生的首次突破，還能夠風(fēng)生水起的，我實(shí)在是沒咋地見過，阿維娃維滕貝格-考克斯，性別顧問公司20-First總裁，如是說。

　　That sentiment is echoed by many people who work in this field.

　　顧問公司20-First幫助很多的公司，讓更多的女性做高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。她的這一觀點(diǎn)得到眾多同行的呼應(yīng)。

　　But why do women need so much help?

　　但是為啥女性需要那么多的幫助呢?

　　Many women who climb the corporate ladder have sponsors, too.

　　許多女性要想晉升，必須有后臺，這一道理同樣適用于公司。

　　Indeed, they find it easier than women to persuade a senior colleague to sponsor them.They are also less likely to build up useful networks of contacts.

　　確實(shí)，女性要想勸高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)幫助自己，不是件太難的事。

　　But women need help more because they are generally more reluctant to promotethemselves.

　　但是女性需要更多的幫助，原因就是，一般來的來說，她們不愿意推銷自己。同時，她們也不大可能去建立一個對自個有用的關(guān)系網(wǎng)。

　　That may help to explain why women,although they now enter white-collar jobs in much the same numbers as men in manycountries, still find it so hard to get anywhere near the executive suite.

　　這也解釋了這樣一個現(xiàn)象，在很多的國家，白領(lǐng)女性的數(shù)量跟男性持平，但是女性進(jìn)入高管還是一個字，難。

　　A new report, Sponsor Effect: UK, produced by the Centre for Talent Innovation, a New Yorkthink-tank, offers a detailed picture of the female talent pipeline in Britain, based on asurvey of about 2,500 graduate employees, mostly of large companies.

　　一份新的報告，《后臺效應(yīng)：英國》，制作者為紐約智囊團(tuán)人才創(chuàng)新中心，詳述描繪了英國女性人才的分布狀況。這份報告的制作，是基于對2500個左右研究生雇員的調(diào)查，且她們基本上都來自大公司。

　　It notes that although women in Britain account for 57% of new recruits to white-collar jobs,they make up just 17% of executive directors and a mere 4% of chief executives of theFTSE s 100 biggest companies.

　　它指出，雖然女性新雇員占白領(lǐng)比例57%，但是在富時指數(shù)的100個大公司里，執(zhí)行理事也就17%，首席執(zhí)行官只有可憐的4%。

　　It is not that the women lack ambition, says the report.

　　報告表示不是說女性沒有雄性壯志。

　　No less than 79% of senior women in the sample said they aspired to a top job and 91%were keen to be promoted.

　　調(diào)查者中，多達(dá)79%的大齡女性表示希望成為高管，91%希望得到晉升。

　　Nor, say the authors, are they necessarily held back by family responsibilities:

　　作者稱，家庭責(zé)任并不一定會拖累她們：

　　nearly two in five of those aged 40 or over had no children.

　　年齡在40或是以上的，接近五分之二，是沒有孩子的，有五分之三的女性是有孩子的，這個確實(shí)不假。

　　Three in five of the over-40s did have children, and talented women who quit work to raisekids are not included in the sample.

　　那些為了照顧孩子而放棄工作的才女們并不在這個范圍之內(nèi)。

　　Still, the survey s main finding is striking.

　　仍然，這個調(diào)查的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)還是會嚇人一跳。

　　Only 16% of the sample had sponsors, defined as people several levels above them whogive them career advice, introduce them to contacts and help them get promotions.

　　調(diào)查者中，只有16%的人有后臺，后臺的意思指的是那些比她們的位子要高那么幾級的人，在工作當(dāng)中給予她們建議，給她們接觸的機(jī)會，幫助她們晉升。

　　Having a sponsor dramatically improves a woman s career prospects.

　　有個后臺，女性在職場上的路要好走非常多。

　　The British report is a follow-on from a similar study by the CTI on America, The SponsorEffect, published last year by the Harvard Business Review.

　　這份英國報告，其實(shí)是美國CTI的一份類似研究的后續(xù)。

　　The CTI is now working on India;

　　這份研究的名稱為《后臺效應(yīng)》，去年在期刊《哈佛商業(yè)評論》上出版。

　　Germany may come after that.

　　CTI現(xiàn)在正在對印度進(jìn)行研究;印度之后可能就是德國。

　　It is also preparing a road map to make it easier for women everywhere to find sponsors.

　　CTI同時也在醞釀一幅公路圖，目的就是為了讓各地的女性更好地找到后臺。

　　Sylvia Ann Hewlett, the CTI s boss, who co-wrote the report, says there are some differencesbetween countries.

　　西爾維亞安休利特，CTI老板，是此份報告的共同撰寫者。她說，各個國家的情況真的還不大一樣。

　　But the broad picture is similar everywhere:

　　但是從更大范圍來看，情況其實(shí)差不多：

　　women underestimate the importance of sponsorship and fail to cultivate businessrelationships effectively.

　　女性低估了后臺的力量，并且沒能夠有效地培養(yǎng)商業(yè)關(guān)系。

　　This may be true, but networking takes time, often after hours.

　　這可能是對的，但是關(guān)系網(wǎng)的維護(hù)還是需要時間的，尤其是下班時間。

　　Are women with children equally willing to put in that extra time?

　　那么，女性會把跟孩子在一起的時間花在培養(yǎng)關(guān)系網(wǎng)上嗎?

　　Drawing attention to the problems of women in upper management makes a useful changefrom the usual lament about the lack of women on boards.

　　把注意力集中到高管女性的問題上，而不是像往常一樣，哀嘆董事會的女性怎么就這么少，要有用的多了。

　　The scarcity of both is a symptom of something bigger:

　　高管女性和董事會女性的稀缺只是問題的一個癥狀，更大的問題是：

　　a lot of employers neither know nor care how many senior women they have working forthem.

　　許多老板對這個有多少女性在為他工作上，不關(guān)心也不在乎。

　　Studies show a correlation between more women in senior positions and superiorcompany performance, though it is hard to know whether more sexual diversity improvesperformance or top-notch firms promote more women.

　　研究顯示，女性高管越多，公司的表現(xiàn)越好，這之間是有一定的關(guān)系的，雖然還不是很確定，到底是性別多樣化促進(jìn)績效呢，還是一流的公司更多的提拔女性呢。

　　How much can sponsorship help?

　　后臺到底能有多大用?

　　Ms Wittenberg-Cox is glum.

　　維滕貝格考克斯女士不清楚。

　　She says there have been so many initiatives that many firms suffer from diversity fatigue,

　　她說，有太多的公司因?yàn)樾詣e單一而缺乏主動性，

　　but none has dealt with the appalling reality of the pipeline.

　　但是并沒有什么人來解決這個可怕的人才分布事實(shí)。

　　The only remedy, she reckons, is a change of thinking at the top.

　　她覺得，唯一的解救方法，恐怕就是高層的變動。

　　詞語解釋

　　1.sponsor n.發(fā)起者，主辦者;擔(dān)保者

　　Who are you, my sponsor?

　　你是誰,我的保證人?

　　2.shrink v.收縮，皺縮

　　Do you know where the shrink ray is?

　　你知道現(xiàn)在縮小激光槍在哪里嗎?

　　3.sentiment n.感情，情緒;情操;意見

　　Love is not only a sentiment but also an art.

　　愛情不僅是感情，也是藝術(shù)。

　　4.executive n.總經(jīng)理;行政部門

　　She s a senior executive in a computer company.

　　她在一家計算機(jī)公司擔(dān)任高級行政人員。

　　5.survey n.調(diào)查，測量

　　The state fosters land survey system.

　　國家建立土地調(diào)查制度。