3D mannequin helps cyclist go for gold
By printing a 3D mannequin of leading international cyclist Tom Dumoulin and testing a series of skinsuits on his replica inside a wind tunnel until they found the perfect fit, researchers-at-tu-delft-believe-they-can-help-team-giant-alpecin-win-gold-at-the-uci-road-world-championships">researchers at TU Delft believe they can help Team Giant-Alpecin win gold at the UCI Road World Championships in Doha.
Olympic silver medalist Tom Dumoulin is confident of winning a gold medal in the men's time trial at the UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) Road World Championships in Doha on October 12 - and the leading cyclist has a secret weapon.
A skinsuit worn by the Dutchman was developed by researchers at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), in conjunction with his team, Team Giant-Alpecin, using an unusual technique.
The inter-disciplinary team from TU Delft scanned Dumoulin's body using photogrammetry, before 3D printing a full-sized replica mannequin of his body in classic riding posture. The mannequin was then dressed in a series of skinsuits made of various fabrics and placed on his bicycle saddle, where it underwent tests in the university's wind tunnel.
Dr Jouke Verlinden, of TU Delft's Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, led the development of the mannequin, which first involved placing 150 DSLR cameras in a room and programming them to each simultaneously take a single image of Dumoulin sitting absolutely still on the cycle.
Verlinden told Reuters: "You really want to have someone like that fixed in the right position and you need to have an instant 3D scan of that. We used a system based on photogrammetry, so taking a lot of pictures with a high-resolution camera, an SLR camera, and we had a rig with 150 of these cameras which took one picture completely at the same time, and from that we could reconstruct a 3D model."
The mannequin was constructed using an inexpensive 3D printing method. This consisted of turning two household 3D printing machines on their head, so they could print up to two meters high, producing Dumoulin's replica in eight separate parts. It took a total of 50 hours to print, before each part was attached via simple pin-and-hole joints.
"It (the printer) uses plastic wire, which is extruded like a glue gun and then it's being drawn on the flat surface below, at a tenth of a millimeter or less, and in that way layer by layer you draw these kind of plastic curves," explained Verlinden.
The suit was originally made for Dumoulin's participation in this summer's Tour de France and Olympic Games in Rio. Speaking before the two events, he explained his hopes for the skinsuit. "In cycling, and especially in time trialling, it's about seconds, and even if we get only a little difference with a faster suit it will make a big difference maybe in the result," he said.
Unfortunately, an accident meant Dumoulin had to withdraw from the Tour at stage 19, but his Olympic performance was a happier experience, with him finishing second in the time trial behind Fabian Cancellara.
Andrea Sciacchitano, assistant professor in aerospace at TU Delft, told Reuters that aerodynamics is crucial to time trial performance.
"In order to go faster aerodynamics is very important, it's up to 90 percent of the total resistance that the guy has to overcome - and the roughness of the fabric is very important in order to reduce drag," he said. "One may think that in order to go faster the surface must be very smooth. This is, in fact, not always the case. In some cases some roughness can help the guy to go faster because it energizes the flow close to the surface. So it allows the flow to close on the back and therefore to reduce the aerodynamic drag."
Sciacchitano said a technique developed at the university called particle image velocimetry (PIV) proved crucial in the wind tunnel tests. Helium-filled soap bubbles were used to map the flow and ensure good measurements.
"In the wind tunnel we can have a very controlled environment, very specific flow velocity. Particle Image Velocimetry, is a particular technique that we have developed at TU Delft, in which we introduce small particles in the flow, we illuminate them by means of a laser and we take images of these particles - and by measuring the displacement of these particles at two time instance we can determine the velocity field and therefore the pressure and finally the aerodynamic drag," he said.
Dr Daan Bregman, of the TU Delft Sports Engineering Institute, said the same techniques could be used to test other parts of Dumoulin's equipment.
"We want to use this mannequin to test more aspects of his aerodynamics," said Bregman. "For example, which helmet should we use, can we use the same time trial suit when it's raining or maybe we should use something else. So it gives us loads of opportunities to test all the things we want without having Tom Dumoulin here in the wind tunnel."
Bregman added that the project's multidisciplinary nature had been of enormous benefit to the project.
Teun van Erp, the scientific consultant for Team Giant-Alpecin, was involved in the testing program, and is hopeful the innovative skinsuit could help Dumoulin win gold in Doha. "We hope that with ten or fifteen seconds extra gain we have with the suit he will win the gold medal," he said.
Van Erp added that five of Dumoulin's colleagues in Team Giant-Alpecin will also be wearing tailor-made suits in Qatar, developed using the 3D mannequin tests.
The TU Delft team believes similar tests could be conducted on suits worn by speedskaters and swimmers, where drag is also an important element of sporting performance.
譯文：
通過印刷的三維人體模型主要國際自行車湯姆Dumoulin和測試一系列的緊身衣在他的副本在一個風(fēng)洞,直到他們發(fā)現(xiàn)完美的配合,researchers-at-tu-delft-believe-they-can-help-team-giant-alpecin-win-gold-at-the-uci-road-world-championships " >荷蘭代爾夫特科技研究人員相信他們可以幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin贏得金牌在UCI路世界錦標(biāo)賽在多哈。
奧運(yùn)銀牌得主湯姆Dumoulin有信心贏得金牌的男子在UCI的計(jì)時賽(聯(lián)盟抗議聲)路世界錦標(biāo)賽在多哈10月12日,領(lǐng)先的自行車有一個秘密武器。
荷蘭人所穿的緊身衣是由研究人員在代爾夫特理工大學(xué)(荷蘭代爾夫特科技),與他的團(tuán)隊(duì),團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin,使用一種不尋常的方法。
跨學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)來自荷蘭代爾夫特科技掃描Dumoulin的身體使用攝影測量,在3 d打印一個全尺寸的復(fù)制品的人體模特在經(jīng)典騎他的身體姿勢。人體模型當(dāng)時穿著緊身衣的一系列各種面料和放在他的自行車鞍座,在經(jīng)歷了大學(xué)的風(fēng)洞測試。
博士Jouke Verlinden,代爾夫特理工大學(xué)學(xué)院工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工程、led的發(fā)展模型,首先把150單反相機(jī)在一個房間里,編程每個同時采取單一的形象Dumoulin坐在絕對還在循環(huán)。
Verlinden告訴路透:“你真的想有人這樣固定在正確的位置,你需要有一個即時3 d掃描。我們使用基于攝影測量的系統(tǒng),所以拍攝很多照片與高分辨率相機(jī),單反相機(jī),和我們有一個鉆井平臺150個攝像頭了一幅完全在同一時間,從那我們可以重建三維模型?！?
人體模型是使用一個便宜的3 d打印方法構(gòu)造。這包括將兩個家庭3 d打印機(jī)器在他們的頭上,這樣他們就可以打印兩米高,生產(chǎn)Dumoulin復(fù)制品的八個獨(dú)立的部分。共有50個小時才打印,每一部分之前通過簡單pin-and-hole關(guān)節(jié)連接。
“這(打印機(jī))使用塑料線,這是擠壓像噴膠槍,然后它被畫在下面的平面,在十分之一毫米或更少,這樣一層一層地你畫這類塑料曲線,“Verlinden解釋道。
訴訟最初為Dumoulin參與今年夏天的環(huán)法自行車賽,在里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會。在兩起事件之前,他解釋說他希望的緊身衣。騎自行車”,尤其是在時間的嘗試,它是秒,即使我們得到更快的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)區(qū)別與西裝會產(chǎn)生很大的不同也許在結(jié)果,”他說。
不幸的是,事故意味著Dumoulin 19不得不退出旅游階段,但他的奧運(yùn)表現(xiàn)快樂的體驗(yàn),與他完成第二次審判費(fèi)邊Cancellara后面。
助理教授安德里亞Sciacchitano在荷蘭代爾夫特科技宇航,告訴路透,空氣動力學(xué)對時間試驗(yàn)性能是至關(guān)重要的。
“為了更快空氣動力學(xué)是非常重要的,它是90%的人必須克服的總電阻,粗糙的織物是非常重要的,以減少阻力,”他說。”一位可能會認(rèn)為,為了更快的表面一定很順利。這是,事實(shí)上,并非總是如此。在某些情況下一些粗糙度可以幫助他更快,因?yàn)樗ぐl(fā)流接近水面。所以它允許流關(guān)閉背面,因此降低氣動阻力?！?
Sciacchitano說大學(xué)開發(fā)的技術(shù)稱為粒子圖像測速技術(shù)(PIV)風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)證明至關(guān)重要。充滿氦氣肥皂泡被用來映射流和確保良好的測量。
“風(fēng)洞中我們可以有一個可控的環(huán)境,非常具體的流速。粒子圖像測速技術(shù)顯現(xiàn)的是一個特定的技術(shù),我們開發(fā)了在荷蘭代爾夫特科技,我們引入流中的小顆粒,我們通過激光照射,我們把這些粒子的圖像,通過測量這些粒子的位移兩次實(shí)例我們可以確定壓力和速度場,因此最后氣動阻力,”他說。
她女兒師博士你代爾夫特體育工程學(xué)院,說同樣的技術(shù)也被用來測試的其他部分Dumoulin的設(shè)備。
“我們想用這個模型來測試更多的空氣動力學(xué)方面,“師說。頭盔應(yīng)該用“例如,我們可以使用相同的時間試驗(yàn)適合當(dāng)下雨或者也許我們應(yīng)該使用別的東西。所以它給我們提供了大量的機(jī)會來測試所有我們想要的東西沒有湯姆Dumoulin在風(fēng)洞”。
師還說,項(xiàng)目的多學(xué)科性質(zhì)被巨大的福利項(xiàng)目。
Teun van Erp,Giant-Alpecin科學(xué)顧問團(tuán)隊(duì),參與測試的項(xiàng)目,希望創(chuàng)新緊身衣可以幫助Dumoulin贏得金牌在多哈?！拔覀兿Ｍ蚴迕腩~外增加我們與訴訟他將贏得金牌,”他說。
范Erp補(bǔ)充說,在團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin Dumoulin的五個同事也將在卡塔爾穿定制西裝,使用三維人體模型開發(fā)的測試。
荷蘭代爾夫特科技團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為可以進(jìn)行類似的測試所穿的西裝speedskaters和游泳,在拖動運(yùn)動性能也是一個重要的元素。
By printing a 3D mannequin of leading international cyclist Tom Dumoulin and testing a series of skinsuits on his replica inside a wind tunnel until they found the perfect fit, researchers-at-tu-delft-believe-they-can-help-team-giant-alpecin-win-gold-at-the-uci-road-world-championships">researchers at TU Delft believe they can help Team Giant-Alpecin win gold at the UCI Road World Championships in Doha.
Olympic silver medalist Tom Dumoulin is confident of winning a gold medal in the men's time trial at the UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) Road World Championships in Doha on October 12 - and the leading cyclist has a secret weapon.
A skinsuit worn by the Dutchman was developed by researchers at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), in conjunction with his team, Team Giant-Alpecin, using an unusual technique.
The inter-disciplinary team from TU Delft scanned Dumoulin's body using photogrammetry, before 3D printing a full-sized replica mannequin of his body in classic riding posture. The mannequin was then dressed in a series of skinsuits made of various fabrics and placed on his bicycle saddle, where it underwent tests in the university's wind tunnel.
Dr Jouke Verlinden, of TU Delft's Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, led the development of the mannequin, which first involved placing 150 DSLR cameras in a room and programming them to each simultaneously take a single image of Dumoulin sitting absolutely still on the cycle.
Verlinden told Reuters: "You really want to have someone like that fixed in the right position and you need to have an instant 3D scan of that. We used a system based on photogrammetry, so taking a lot of pictures with a high-resolution camera, an SLR camera, and we had a rig with 150 of these cameras which took one picture completely at the same time, and from that we could reconstruct a 3D model."
The mannequin was constructed using an inexpensive 3D printing method. This consisted of turning two household 3D printing machines on their head, so they could print up to two meters high, producing Dumoulin's replica in eight separate parts. It took a total of 50 hours to print, before each part was attached via simple pin-and-hole joints.
"It (the printer) uses plastic wire, which is extruded like a glue gun and then it's being drawn on the flat surface below, at a tenth of a millimeter or less, and in that way layer by layer you draw these kind of plastic curves," explained Verlinden.
The suit was originally made for Dumoulin's participation in this summer's Tour de France and Olympic Games in Rio. Speaking before the two events, he explained his hopes for the skinsuit. "In cycling, and especially in time trialling, it's about seconds, and even if we get only a little difference with a faster suit it will make a big difference maybe in the result," he said.
Unfortunately, an accident meant Dumoulin had to withdraw from the Tour at stage 19, but his Olympic performance was a happier experience, with him finishing second in the time trial behind Fabian Cancellara.
Andrea Sciacchitano, assistant professor in aerospace at TU Delft, told Reuters that aerodynamics is crucial to time trial performance.
"In order to go faster aerodynamics is very important, it's up to 90 percent of the total resistance that the guy has to overcome - and the roughness of the fabric is very important in order to reduce drag," he said. "One may think that in order to go faster the surface must be very smooth. This is, in fact, not always the case. In some cases some roughness can help the guy to go faster because it energizes the flow close to the surface. So it allows the flow to close on the back and therefore to reduce the aerodynamic drag."
Sciacchitano said a technique developed at the university called particle image velocimetry (PIV) proved crucial in the wind tunnel tests. Helium-filled soap bubbles were used to map the flow and ensure good measurements.
"In the wind tunnel we can have a very controlled environment, very specific flow velocity. Particle Image Velocimetry, is a particular technique that we have developed at TU Delft, in which we introduce small particles in the flow, we illuminate them by means of a laser and we take images of these particles - and by measuring the displacement of these particles at two time instance we can determine the velocity field and therefore the pressure and finally the aerodynamic drag," he said.
Dr Daan Bregman, of the TU Delft Sports Engineering Institute, said the same techniques could be used to test other parts of Dumoulin's equipment.
"We want to use this mannequin to test more aspects of his aerodynamics," said Bregman. "For example, which helmet should we use, can we use the same time trial suit when it's raining or maybe we should use something else. So it gives us loads of opportunities to test all the things we want without having Tom Dumoulin here in the wind tunnel."
Bregman added that the project's multidisciplinary nature had been of enormous benefit to the project.
Teun van Erp, the scientific consultant for Team Giant-Alpecin, was involved in the testing program, and is hopeful the innovative skinsuit could help Dumoulin win gold in Doha. "We hope that with ten or fifteen seconds extra gain we have with the suit he will win the gold medal," he said.
Van Erp added that five of Dumoulin's colleagues in Team Giant-Alpecin will also be wearing tailor-made suits in Qatar, developed using the 3D mannequin tests.
The TU Delft team believes similar tests could be conducted on suits worn by speedskaters and swimmers, where drag is also an important element of sporting performance.
譯文：
通過印刷的三維人體模型主要國際自行車湯姆Dumoulin和測試一系列的緊身衣在他的副本在一個風(fēng)洞,直到他們發(fā)現(xiàn)完美的配合,researchers-at-tu-delft-believe-they-can-help-team-giant-alpecin-win-gold-at-the-uci-road-world-championships " >荷蘭代爾夫特科技研究人員相信他們可以幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin贏得金牌在UCI路世界錦標(biāo)賽在多哈。
奧運(yùn)銀牌得主湯姆Dumoulin有信心贏得金牌的男子在UCI的計(jì)時賽(聯(lián)盟抗議聲)路世界錦標(biāo)賽在多哈10月12日,領(lǐng)先的自行車有一個秘密武器。
荷蘭人所穿的緊身衣是由研究人員在代爾夫特理工大學(xué)(荷蘭代爾夫特科技),與他的團(tuán)隊(duì),團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin,使用一種不尋常的方法。
跨學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)來自荷蘭代爾夫特科技掃描Dumoulin的身體使用攝影測量,在3 d打印一個全尺寸的復(fù)制品的人體模特在經(jīng)典騎他的身體姿勢。人體模型當(dāng)時穿著緊身衣的一系列各種面料和放在他的自行車鞍座,在經(jīng)歷了大學(xué)的風(fēng)洞測試。
博士Jouke Verlinden,代爾夫特理工大學(xué)學(xué)院工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工程、led的發(fā)展模型,首先把150單反相機(jī)在一個房間里,編程每個同時采取單一的形象Dumoulin坐在絕對還在循環(huán)。
Verlinden告訴路透:“你真的想有人這樣固定在正確的位置,你需要有一個即時3 d掃描。我們使用基于攝影測量的系統(tǒng),所以拍攝很多照片與高分辨率相機(jī),單反相機(jī),和我們有一個鉆井平臺150個攝像頭了一幅完全在同一時間,從那我們可以重建三維模型。”
人體模型是使用一個便宜的3 d打印方法構(gòu)造。這包括將兩個家庭3 d打印機(jī)器在他們的頭上,這樣他們就可以打印兩米高,生產(chǎn)Dumoulin復(fù)制品的八個獨(dú)立的部分。共有50個小時才打印,每一部分之前通過簡單pin-and-hole關(guān)節(jié)連接。
“這(打印機(jī))使用塑料線,這是擠壓像噴膠槍,然后它被畫在下面的平面,在十分之一毫米或更少,這樣一層一層地你畫這類塑料曲線,“Verlinden解釋道。
訴訟最初為Dumoulin參與今年夏天的環(huán)法自行車賽,在里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會。在兩起事件之前,他解釋說他希望的緊身衣。騎自行車”,尤其是在時間的嘗試,它是秒,即使我們得到更快的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)區(qū)別與西裝會產(chǎn)生很大的不同也許在結(jié)果,”他說。
不幸的是,事故意味著Dumoulin 19不得不退出旅游階段,但他的奧運(yùn)表現(xiàn)快樂的體驗(yàn),與他完成第二次審判費(fèi)邊Cancellara后面。
助理教授安德里亞Sciacchitano在荷蘭代爾夫特科技宇航,告訴路透,空氣動力學(xué)對時間試驗(yàn)性能是至關(guān)重要的。
“為了更快空氣動力學(xué)是非常重要的,它是90%的人必須克服的總電阻,粗糙的織物是非常重要的,以減少阻力,”他說?！币晃豢赡軙J(rèn)為,為了更快的表面一定很順利。這是,事實(shí)上,并非總是如此。在某些情況下一些粗糙度可以幫助他更快,因?yàn)樗ぐl(fā)流接近水面。所以它允許流關(guān)閉背面,因此降低氣動阻力?！?
Sciacchitano說大學(xué)開發(fā)的技術(shù)稱為粒子圖像測速技術(shù)(PIV)風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)證明至關(guān)重要。充滿氦氣肥皂泡被用來映射流和確保良好的測量。
“風(fēng)洞中我們可以有一個可控的環(huán)境,非常具體的流速。粒子圖像測速技術(shù)顯現(xiàn)的是一個特定的技術(shù),我們開發(fā)了在荷蘭代爾夫特科技,我們引入流中的小顆粒,我們通過激光照射,我們把這些粒子的圖像,通過測量這些粒子的位移兩次實(shí)例我們可以確定壓力和速度場,因此最后氣動阻力,”他說。
她女兒師博士你代爾夫特體育工程學(xué)院,說同樣的技術(shù)也被用來測試的其他部分Dumoulin的設(shè)備。
“我們想用這個模型來測試更多的空氣動力學(xué)方面,“師說。頭盔應(yīng)該用“例如,我們可以使用相同的時間試驗(yàn)適合當(dāng)下雨或者也許我們應(yīng)該使用別的東西。所以它給我們提供了大量的機(jī)會來測試所有我們想要的東西沒有湯姆Dumoulin在風(fēng)洞”。
師還說,項(xiàng)目的多學(xué)科性質(zhì)被巨大的福利項(xiàng)目。
Teun van Erp,Giant-Alpecin科學(xué)顧問團(tuán)隊(duì),參與測試的項(xiàng)目,希望創(chuàng)新緊身衣可以幫助Dumoulin贏得金牌在多哈?！拔覀兿Ｍ蚴迕腩~外增加我們與訴訟他將贏得金牌,”他說。
范Erp補(bǔ)充說,在團(tuán)隊(duì)Giant-Alpecin Dumoulin的五個同事也將在卡塔爾穿定制西裝,使用三維人體模型開發(fā)的測試。
荷蘭代爾夫特科技團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為可以進(jìn)行類似的測試所穿的西裝speedskaters和游泳,在拖動運(yùn)動性能也是一個重要的元素。
