2024年高考三輪復習:構詞法(新人教版)
名詞+名詞 blood test驗血;half-moon半月(形);silkworm蠶;classroom教室;airport飛機場 形容詞+名詞 double-dealer兩面派;shorthand速記;greenhouse溫室 v.-ing+名詞 reading room閱覽室;meeting room會議室;swimming pool游泳池 動詞+名詞 breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手 名詞+v.-ing handwriting筆跡;sunbathing日光浴 動詞+副詞 get-together聯歡會;breakthrough突破 副詞+動詞 downfall垮臺;outbreak爆發 形容詞+名詞+-ed cold-blooded冷血的;kind-hearted心腸好的 形容詞+名詞 high-class高級的 形容詞+v.-ing good-looking好看的;easy-going隨和的;fine-sounding動聽的 形容詞+過去分詞 newborn新生的;ready-made現成的 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue深藍色的;light-green淺綠色 名詞+v.-ing life-saving救生的;ocean-going遠洋的 名詞+過去分詞 handmade手工制作的;ice-covered冰雪覆蓋的 名詞+形容詞 nationwide全國性的;ice-cold冰冷的 數詞+名詞+-ed one-eyed獨眼的;two-faced雙面的 數詞+名詞+形容詞 five-year-old五周歲的;two-metre-tall兩米高的 名詞+動詞 sleepwalk夢游 副詞+動詞 overcome克服;undergo經歷;overthrow推翻;understand明白 形容詞+動詞 white-wash粉刷;blacklist列入黑名單 代詞賓格或物主代詞+self(selves) ourselves我們自己;herself她自己;themselves他們自己 某些不定代詞some(any,no,every)+body(one,thing) everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something 名詞轉化為動詞` face臉——face面對 hand手——hand傳遞 nurse護士—— nurse護理 形容詞轉化為動詞 dirty臟的—— dirty弄臟 narrow窄的——narrow變窄 clean干凈的—— clean打掃 動詞轉化為名詞 find發現—— find發現物 divide劃分—— divide分界處 waste浪費—— waste廢物 形容詞轉化為名詞 daily每日的—— daily日報 weekly每周的—— weekly周刊 形容詞轉化為副詞 real真的—— real真正地 deep深的—— deep深深地
sure確信的—— sure的確 常見前綴:
前綴 例詞 dis-(不,否定) dissatisfy使不滿意;dishonest不誠實 un-(不) unable不能夠;unlucky不幸的 un-(做相反動作) undress脫衣服;unload卸貨 in-(不,非) inactive不活躍的;incorrect不正確的 im-(不,非) impolite沒有禮貌的;impossible不可能的 ir-(不,非) irregular不規則的;irresponsible不負責任的 il-(不,非) illogical不合邏輯的;illegal非法的 non-(不,非) non-existent不存在的;non-stop直達的 mis-(錯誤的;壞的) misunderstand誤解;misfortune厄運 re-(重復,再) rewrite重寫;remarry再婚 en-(使可能) enrich豐富;enable使能夠 ex-(以前的,前任的) ex-president前任主席/總統;ex-wife前妻 super-(在……上面;超級) supermarket超市;supermodel超級名模 under-(在……之下) underestimate低估;underground地下的 sub-(在……下;次于;低于) subway地(下)道;地鐵;submarine潛水艇 inter-(相互之間) international國際的;interact相互作用 semi-(半) semi-final半決賽;semicircle半圓 multi-(多,多種) multi-national跨國的; multicoloured多種顏色的 kilo-(千) kilometer千米,公里;kilogram千克 centi-(一百;百分之一) centimetre厘米;centigram厘克 milli-(毫;千分之一) millimetre毫米;milligram毫克 tele-(遠) telephone電話;television電視 a-(在……上/里;向……) aboard在船/火車/飛機上;ahead在前面;aside在旁邊;abroad在國外 auto-(自己的,獨自的) automobile機動車,汽車;autobiography自傳 over-(太,完全,過度,多……) overfull太滿的,過多的;overstudy用功過度 extra-(額外,以外,特殊) extraordinary非凡的;extramarital婚外的 pre-(預先,在……之前) predict預告;preview預習 后綴 例詞 -age(狀態;集合) shortage缺少;marriage婚姻 -an/-ian(人,……家) American美國人;Italian意大利人;musician音樂家 -ence/-ency(構成抽象名詞) dependence依靠;frequency頻率 -ance(性質,狀態) importance重要性;significance意義 -ant/-ent(人) assistant助手;student學生 -cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(動作,狀態) suspicion懷疑;tension緊張;repetition重復;preparation準備 -ee(動作承受者或受影響者) employee受雇者;refugee難民 -er/-or(人或物) writer作家;actor演員;cooker炊具;tractor拖拉機 -ess(女性) actress女演員;waitress女服務員;hostess女主人 -ism(主義,……教) communism共產主義;socialism社會主義;Buddhism佛教 -ist(主義者,……家) communist共產主義者;dentist牙科專家;physicist物理學家 -ment(行為;結果;狀態;性質) argument爭論;government政府;development發展 -ship(關系,身份) friendship友誼;citizenship公民身份 -hood(身份;性質;時代) childhood童年;neighbourhood街區;knighthood騎士身份 -ty(狀態;性質) plenty大量;difficulty困難;anxiety焦慮 -ure(結果;行為;狀態;實物) pressure壓力;picture圖畫;pleasure高興 -al(動作過程;結果) arrival到達;approval同意 后綴 例詞 -able/-ible/-ble unbelievable不可信的;tolerable可忍受的;responsible負責的 -al national國家的;continental大陸的 -ed learned有學識的;talented有才華的 -en golden金色的;woolen毛(織)的;wooden木制的 -ful beautiful美麗的;useful有用的;colorful多彩的 -ic/-ical economic經濟的;political政治的;electronic電子的 -ish childish幼稚的;selfish自私的 -ive active積極的;productive有生產力的;creative有創造力的 -less useless無用的;careless粗心的;meaningless無意義的 -ly friendly友好的;deadly致命的;weekly每星期的 -ous/-ious dangerous危險的;glorious光榮的;famous著名的 -ward downward向下的;backward向后的 -y rainy多雨的;noisy吵鬧的;snowy下雪的 后綴 例詞 -en(使變得,使成為……) lengthen延長;harden使變得堅固;deepen加深 -fy(使……化) satisfy使滿意;beautify美化;simplify簡化 -ize/-ise(使……變成……) realiz(s)e實現;industrializ(s)e使工業化 后綴 例詞 -ly carefully小心地;beautifully美麗地;quickly迅速地 -ward(s) forward向前;backwards向后;downwards向下;upwards向上 academic
accidentally
approximately
Beggars
beneficial
casually
comparable
competitive
consciousness
continental
decisive
distinguished
dramatic
enthusiastic
environmentally
honorable
ignorant
impressive
unwillingness
loosen
modernization
namely
necessity
noisily
persuasive
plentiful
realistic
receptionist
返回 構詞法
一、合成法
合成法是把兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成一個新單詞的構詞法。有的可以直接寫在一起構成一個新單詞,還有的在詞與詞之間用連字符“-”或空格隔開構成一個新單詞,把這個詞通常叫做復合詞。記住常見的復合詞的構成方式是掌握合成法的關鍵,現就常見的復合詞的構成方式分類列舉并歸納如下:
1.復合名詞的主要構成方式
2.復合形容詞的主要構成方式
3.復合動詞的主要構成方式
4.復合代詞的主要構成方式
二、轉化法
轉化法是由一種詞類轉化為一種或幾種詞類的構詞法。這種構詞法詞形沒有改變,轉化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯系。現就常見的轉化法分類列舉并歸納如下:
三、派生法
派生法是英語主要的構詞法。此方法是借助于前綴或后綴,制造出派生詞,主要有名詞、形容詞和動詞三種。
1.前綴構詞法
前綴是加在一個詞根前面的音節,它并不是獨立的單詞,但本身有一定的含義,它不改變詞性,但改變原詞義。
2.后綴構詞法
后綴是加在一個單詞后面的音節,它本身一般也有一定含義,能夠改變單詞的詞性,有的也可以改變詞義。
(1)名詞后綴
(2)形容詞后綴
(3)動詞后綴
(4)副詞后綴
領悟語法
用所給單詞的適當形式填空
1.Her preparation course is helping her to get used to
(academy) requirements of a Western university.
2. A fireman
(accident) discovered the cause of the
fire.
3.It cost (approximate)$300—I can’t
remember it exactly.
4.
(beg) can’t be choosers.
5.Other disabled people find the website (benefit)
because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.
6. She glanced
(casual) through a magazine as she
waited.
7. The two of them are in a
(compare) financial
situation.
8.He quit playing (compete) football at the age
of 24.
9.Man’s social being determines his
(conscious).10.The café has a relaxed (continent) feel about it.
11.She has played a (decide) role in the peace
negotiation.
12.The man standing there is a (distinguish)
novelist and philosopher.
13.It is a (drama) story about an invasion of the
Earth by aliens from Mars.
14.The teachers are very (enthusiasm) and
friendly and the classrooms are amazing.
15.Building a new factory there would be
(environment) disastrous.
16.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the
(honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.
17.To say you were (ignore) of the rules is no excuse.
18.Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most
(impress) routes.
19.His hesitation indicates (will).
20.You should (loose) up your muscles before
playing anysport.
21.This will help us achieve (modern).
22.Some groups, (name) students and pensioners
(退休人員),will benefit from the new tax.
23.Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic
(necessary).
24.He breathed (noise) through his nose.
25.He can be very (persuade).
26.The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech(plenty) of humor.
27.Our income has got smaller,so we must be (reality) and sell our car.
28.The young woman is a (reception) in a
five-star hotel of international standard.
名詞+名詞 blood test驗血;half-moon半月(形);silkworm蠶;classroom教室;airport飛機場 形容詞+名詞 double-dealer兩面派;shorthand速記;greenhouse溫室 v.-ing+名詞 reading room閱覽室;meeting room會議室;swimming pool游泳池 動詞+名詞 breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手 名詞+v.-ing handwriting筆跡;sunbathing日光浴 動詞+副詞 get-together聯歡會;breakthrough突破 副詞+動詞 downfall垮臺;outbreak爆發 形容詞+名詞+-ed cold-blooded冷血的;kind-hearted心腸好的 形容詞+名詞 high-class高級的 形容詞+v.-ing good-looking好看的;easy-going隨和的;fine-sounding動聽的 形容詞+過去分詞 newborn新生的;ready-made現成的 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue深藍色的;light-green淺綠色 名詞+v.-ing life-saving救生的;ocean-going遠洋的 名詞+過去分詞 handmade手工制作的;ice-covered冰雪覆蓋的 名詞+形容詞 nationwide全國性的;ice-cold冰冷的 數詞+名詞+-ed one-eyed獨眼的;two-faced雙面的 數詞+名詞+形容詞 five-year-old五周歲的;two-metre-tall兩米高的 名詞+動詞 sleepwalk夢游 副詞+動詞 overcome克服;undergo經歷;overthrow推翻;understand明白 形容詞+動詞 white-wash粉刷;blacklist列入黑名單 代詞賓格或物主代詞+self(selves) ourselves我們自己;herself她自己;themselves他們自己 某些不定代詞some(any,no,every)+body(one,thing) everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something 名詞轉化為動詞` face臉——face面對 hand手——hand傳遞 nurse護士—— nurse護理 形容詞轉化為動詞 dirty臟的—— dirty弄臟 narrow窄的——narrow變窄 clean干凈的—— clean打掃 動詞轉化為名詞 find發現—— find發現物 divide劃分—— divide分界處 waste浪費—— waste廢物 形容詞轉化為名詞 daily每日的—— daily日報 weekly每周的—— weekly周刊 形容詞轉化為副詞 real真的—— real真正地 deep深的—— deep深深地
sure確信的—— sure的確 常見前綴:
前綴 例詞 dis-(不,否定) dissatisfy使不滿意;dishonest不誠實 un-(不) unable不能夠;unlucky不幸的 un-(做相反動作) undress脫衣服;unload卸貨 in-(不,非) inactive不活躍的;incorrect不正確的 im-(不,非) impolite沒有禮貌的;impossible不可能的 ir-(不,非) irregular不規則的;irresponsible不負責任的 il-(不,非) illogical不合邏輯的;illegal非法的 non-(不,非) non-existent不存在的;non-stop直達的 mis-(錯誤的;壞的) misunderstand誤解;misfortune厄運 re-(重復,再) rewrite重寫;remarry再婚 en-(使可能) enrich豐富;enable使能夠 ex-(以前的,前任的) ex-president前任主席/總統;ex-wife前妻 super-(在……上面;超級) supermarket超市;supermodel超級名模 under-(在……之下) underestimate低估;underground地下的 sub-(在……下;次于;低于) subway地(下)道;地鐵;submarine潛水艇 inter-(相互之間) international國際的;interact相互作用 semi-(半) semi-final半決賽;semicircle半圓 multi-(多,多種) multi-national跨國的; multicoloured多種顏色的 kilo-(千) kilometer千米,公里;kilogram千克 centi-(一百;百分之一) centimetre厘米;centigram厘克 milli-(毫;千分之一) millimetre毫米;milligram毫克 tele-(遠) telephone電話;television電視 a-(在……上/里;向……) aboard在船/火車/飛機上;ahead在前面;aside在旁邊;abroad在國外 auto-(自己的,獨自的) automobile機動車,汽車;autobiography自傳 over-(太,完全,過度,多……) overfull太滿的,過多的;overstudy用功過度 extra-(額外,以外,特殊) extraordinary非凡的;extramarital婚外的 pre-(預先,在……之前) predict預告;preview預習 后綴 例詞 -age(狀態;集合) shortage缺少;marriage婚姻 -an/-ian(人,……家) American美國人;Italian意大利人;musician音樂家 -ence/-ency(構成抽象名詞) dependence依靠;frequency頻率 -ance(性質,狀態) importance重要性;significance意義 -ant/-ent(人) assistant助手;student學生 -cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(動作,狀態) suspicion懷疑;tension緊張;repetition重復;preparation準備 -ee(動作承受者或受影響者) employee受雇者;refugee難民 -er/-or(人或物) writer作家;actor演員;cooker炊具;tractor拖拉機 -ess(女性) actress女演員;waitress女服務員;hostess女主人 -ism(主義,……教) communism共產主義;socialism社會主義;Buddhism佛教 -ist(主義者,……家) communist共產主義者;dentist牙科專家;physicist物理學家 -ment(行為;結果;狀態;性質) argument爭論;government政府;development發展 -ship(關系,身份) friendship友誼;citizenship公民身份 -hood(身份;性質;時代) childhood童年;neighbourhood街區;knighthood騎士身份 -ty(狀態;性質) plenty大量;difficulty困難;anxiety焦慮 -ure(結果;行為;狀態;實物) pressure壓力;picture圖畫;pleasure高興 -al(動作過程;結果) arrival到達;approval同意 后綴 例詞 -able/-ible/-ble unbelievable不可信的;tolerable可忍受的;responsible負責的 -al national國家的;continental大陸的 -ed learned有學識的;talented有才華的 -en golden金色的;woolen毛(織)的;wooden木制的 -ful beautiful美麗的;useful有用的;colorful多彩的 -ic/-ical economic經濟的;political政治的;electronic電子的 -ish childish幼稚的;selfish自私的 -ive active積極的;productive有生產力的;creative有創造力的 -less useless無用的;careless粗心的;meaningless無意義的 -ly friendly友好的;deadly致命的;weekly每星期的 -ous/-ious dangerous危險的;glorious光榮的;famous著名的 -ward downward向下的;backward向后的 -y rainy多雨的;noisy吵鬧的;snowy下雪的 后綴 例詞 -en(使變得,使成為……) lengthen延長;harden使變得堅固;deepen加深 -fy(使……化) satisfy使滿意;beautify美化;simplify簡化 -ize/-ise(使……變成……) realiz(s)e實現;industrializ(s)e使工業化 后綴 例詞 -ly carefully小心地;beautifully美麗地;quickly迅速地 -ward(s) forward向前;backwards向后;downwards向下;upwards向上 academic
accidentally
approximately
Beggars
beneficial
casually
comparable
competitive
consciousness
continental
decisive
distinguished
dramatic
enthusiastic
environmentally
honorable
ignorant
impressive
unwillingness
loosen
modernization
namely
necessity
noisily
persuasive
plentiful
realistic
receptionist
返回 構詞法
一、合成法
合成法是把兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成一個新單詞的構詞法。有的可以直接寫在一起構成一個新單詞,還有的在詞與詞之間用連字符“-”或空格隔開構成一個新單詞,把這個詞通常叫做復合詞。記住常見的復合詞的構成方式是掌握合成法的關鍵,現就常見的復合詞的構成方式分類列舉并歸納如下:
1.復合名詞的主要構成方式
2.復合形容詞的主要構成方式
3.復合動詞的主要構成方式
4.復合代詞的主要構成方式
二、轉化法
轉化法是由一種詞類轉化為一種或幾種詞類的構詞法。這種構詞法詞形沒有改變,轉化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯系?,F就常見的轉化法分類列舉并歸納如下:
三、派生法
派生法是英語主要的構詞法。此方法是借助于前綴或后綴,制造出派生詞,主要有名詞、形容詞和動詞三種。
1.前綴構詞法
前綴是加在一個詞根前面的音節,它并不是獨立的單詞,但本身有一定的含義,它不改變詞性,但改變原詞義。
2.后綴構詞法
后綴是加在一個單詞后面的音節,它本身一般也有一定含義,能夠改變單詞的詞性,有的也可以改變詞義。
(1)名詞后綴
(2)形容詞后綴
(3)動詞后綴
(4)副詞后綴
領悟語法
用所給單詞的適當形式填空
1.Her preparation course is helping her to get used to
(academy) requirements of a Western university.
2. A fireman
(accident) discovered the cause of the
fire.
3.It cost (approximate)$300—I can’t
remember it exactly.
4.
(beg) can’t be choosers.
5.Other disabled people find the website (benefit)
because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.
6. She glanced
(casual) through a magazine as she
waited.
7. The two of them are in a
(compare) financial
situation.
8.He quit playing (compete) football at the age
of 24.
9.Man’s social being determines his
(conscious).10.The café has a relaxed (continent) feel about it.
11.She has played a (decide) role in the peace
negotiation.
12.The man standing there is a (distinguish)
novelist and philosopher.
13.It is a (drama) story about an invasion of the
Earth by aliens from Mars.
14.The teachers are very (enthusiasm) and
friendly and the classrooms are amazing.
15.Building a new factory there would be
(environment) disastrous.
16.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the
(honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.
17.To say you were (ignore) of the rules is no excuse.
18.Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most
(impress) routes.
19.His hesitation indicates (will).
20.You should (loose) up your muscles before
playing anysport.
21.This will help us achieve (modern).
22.Some groups, (name) students and pensioners
(退休人員),will benefit from the new tax.
23.Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic
(necessary).
24.He breathed (noise) through his nose.
25.He can be very (persuade).
26.The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech(plenty) of humor.
27.Our income has got smaller,so we must be (reality) and sell our car.
28.The young woman is a (reception) in a
five-star hotel of international standard.