2024高考四川省廣安市英語閱讀理解一輪系列訓(xùn)練：4（含解析）

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　　廣安市2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪系列訓(xùn)練（4）

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Recognized as the largest desert in the world, the Sahara runs across North Africa, Covering over 3 million square miles from the Atlantic Coast to the Nile River Valley. Except for an occasional oasis(綠洲), this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains. The burning sun causes daytime temperatures to rise to 70 degrees in the shade, and days without rain commonly last for years.

　　Paintings found on the walls of caves in the Sahara Desert suggest that a few thousand years ago, large quantities of plants grew there and covered the desert floor. Many curious and unusual insects, birds and animals got enough food that allowed them to grow and reproduce. At that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities(社團(tuán)，社區(qū)) where a large number of people lived.

　　Research scientists believe that the land became a desert for several reasons. For centuries people there have wandered from place to place in search of food, water and grazing(吃草)land for their animals. These people have always considered the number of animals they have as a sign of wealth. It is considered more important to have 100 sick and starving animals than 15 healthy ones. The large herds (群)have been allowed to go freely and graze on desert plants and grass. Over time, large sections of land have been left uncovered. In addition to allowing overgrazing, these people cut down whatever trees they could find and used them for firewood. The sand was unable to hold on to the great heat of the day, so nightting temperatures often drop below freezing and nothing was left to hold the soil together.

　　Scientists have been studying different ways to bring back the green desert. Through research and experiments, they hope to be able to produce plants that will once again support the life there. Huge holes filled with much water lie under the desert surface. Scientists believe this rainwater simply flew down through the sand over hundreds of years and collected in the big, rocky holding tanks. By making use of the sun’s power, scientists in the Sahara have made experiments in which they got huge amount of electricity. This electricity was then used to operate drilling machines and pumps to pull the rainwater from the underground tanks. By drilling the hole one mile deep into the floor of the desert, one machine was able to recover more than 80 gallons of ice—cold water each second, or 288,000 gallons per hour.

　　Scientists have had some success turning this wasteland into useful farmland. Today the desert is dotted with huge wheat fields watered by a system of pipes that carry water from the underground tanks. Farmers have also learnt that plants grow better if seeds are planted next to stones. Studies show that stones provide protection from the sun, allowing seeds to grow in a shady and cool environment. In addition to that, greenhouses have been built to protect plants from the sunshine so that less water is needed. Another idea is to grow plants that can live on a diet of salt water, since the ocean is so near to the desert.

　　1. What will probably happen if the local people continue their customs and traditions?

　　A. The desert will continue to be enlarged.

　　B. Tourists will begin traveling to North Africa.

　　C. More oases will begin to appear across the desert.

　　D. The number of healthy animals will become larger.

　　2. Which of the flowing statements is a fact presented in the passage?

　　A. The desert is rich in beautiful color and scenery.

　　B. Camels can go for days without drinking any water.

　　C. The Sahara will one day become a beautiful garden.

　　D. Large river systems once supported many communities.

　　3. The author of the passage provides evidences (證據(jù))that scientists are

　　A. pleased by the progress but do not have the money to continue

　　B. discouraged by the poor results of their experiments

　　C. hopeful about the chances of life coming back to the desert

　　D. troubled by the lack of water found underground

　　4. Which of the following is the best summary of this passage?

　　A. Drilling machines help to water the desert floor and make plants and animals alive.

　　B．Scientists have been able to turn this large wasteland into a successful farming community.

　　C. So much soil has become sand that the desert will never be able to support life as it once did.

　　D. The desert no longer supports plenty of life, but researchers hope to change it with new scientific techniques.

　　1、答案解析：答案為A。本題為推理題。結(jié)合前三段可知，撒哈拉沙漠原本是綠洲，后由于人類過度放牧（overgrazing）、濫砍亂伐（these people cut down whatever trees they could find ）導(dǎo)致了沙漠的形成和擴(kuò)大，因此可以推斷，如果當(dāng)?shù)厝死^續(xù)沿襲他們的老傳統(tǒng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致沙漠繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。故答案為A。

　　2、答案解析：答案為D。本題為推理題。考生需看清題意，要求選擇與原文符合的事實(shí)。由第二段最后一句話 “At that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities where a large number of people lived.”可知，答案為D。

　　由第一段 “Except for an occasional oasis, this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains.”可知，A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)未提及；C選項(xiàng)也不是事實(shí)。故答案為D。

　　3、答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。由最后兩段可知，科學(xué)家一直在研究讓沙漠變綠洲的辦法，并且已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)踐，取得了一定的成效，故可推斷，科學(xué)家滿懷希望想使撒哈拉沙漠恢復(fù)生機(jī)。故答案為C。

　　4、答案解析：答案為D。本題為主旨大意題。本文揭示了撒哈拉沙漠形成的原因，重點(diǎn)是介紹科學(xué)家依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)試圖讓這片沙漠變成綠洲的方法。故答案為D。

　　閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

　　(2024·福建)

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　　文章大意：這是一則廣告，航空公司成立的“飛向月球俱樂部”招募成員，廣告主要介紹加入俱樂部后成員及家長(zhǎng)可以享受的優(yōu)惠政策。

　　5．One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is ______.

　　A．a(chǎn) free flight to any destination in the world

　　B．30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore

　　C．a(chǎn) free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport

　　D．a(chǎn) discount on any course at Tanya Language School

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)30% off any course at Tanya Language School可知D項(xiàng)正確。

　　6．Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits？

　　A.Booking date Departure date September 13 September 18

　　B.Booking date Departure date September 2 September 12

　　C.Booking date Departure date August 15 September 4

　　D.Booking date Departure date August 16 September 8

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中All bookings made before 12 September will receive...以及10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2024可知D選項(xiàng)符合條件。

　　7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?

　　A．You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.

　　B．Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.

　　C．The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.

　　D．Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

　　答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance...可知，并不是所有的航程都享受免費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)，故排除B項(xiàng)；由首段的第一句話可知該俱樂部是針對(duì)11歲以下兒童的，故排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)文中最后的備注Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)中的sign up與首段第一句話中的registration對(duì)應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　(2024·青島市二模)

　　Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(傳送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.

　　The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.

　　Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”

　　“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”

　　Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”

　　“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.”

　　Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”

　　文章大意：本文是醫(yī)療科研報(bào)告。文章主要講述了關(guān)于埃博拉病毒的研究進(jìn)展情況，該病毒與什么有關(guān)系，該如何控制該病的疫情。

　　1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

　　A．How severe Ebola virus is.

　　B．How Ebola virus spreads.

　　C．How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.

　　D．What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.

　　答案：C　主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)嚴(yán)重的埃博拉病毒是怎么樣的；B項(xiàng)埃博拉病毒是如何傳播的；C項(xiàng)埃博拉病毒是如何變得致命的；D項(xiàng)科學(xué)家們?yōu)榘２├《咀龀隽耸裁礃拥呢暙I(xiàn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the first paragraph。通讀第一段，并根據(jù)第一句話Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact可知該段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐漸變得致命的。故選C。

　　．Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?

　　A．In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.

　　B．As the virus spreads, it'll change and become more and more deadly.

　　C．The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.

　　D．The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(傳送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe中的關(guān)鍵詞initially可知A是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.”排除C；根據(jù)文章最后三段可排除D；根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話的后半句succeeding transmission(傳送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe可知選B。

　　．The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to ________.

　　A．optimistic B．deadly

　　C．common D．fantastic

　　答案：B　詞義猜測(cè)題。optimistic樂觀的；deadly致命的；common常見的；fantastic奇異的。根據(jù)文章第四段的The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies和該段的the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus可知埃博拉病毒變得更加致命。由此推斷fatal是致命的。故選B。

　　．Where can we probably read this passage?

　　A．In a science report. B．In a storybook.

　　C．In an advertisement. D．In a textbook.

　　答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。In a science report在科技報(bào)告上；In a storybook在故事書中；In an advertisement在一個(gè)廣告中；In a textbook在課本中。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章介紹埃博拉病毒的研究進(jìn)程判斷選A。

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Regardless of the fact that getting dressed in baseball caps and T-shirts are classic American style choices; the preppy(學(xué)院風(fēng)格) look is what sophisticated(高雅時(shí)髦的) British youths wear. But when it comes to the best-dressed nation, neither the US nor the UK tops CNN’s list. So which country has the best fashion sense? Take a look.

　　Italy

　　Italy is a country which lays a strong emphasis on outward appearance. Elegance is in Italian blood and most Italians would give up comfort in order to look graceful. They dress well even for simple trips to the grocery store.

　　Both males and females have a good understanding of style, dressing themselves up with well-groomed(講究的) hair and a smart pair of shoes. It is no wonder that so many of the best fashion designers are Italian!

　　Sweden

　　Retail(零售) giant H & M continues to spread affordable Swedish style around the world. What has been called the “Swedish fashion miracle” actually comes from the “l(fā)ess is more” philosophy. The Swedes tend to adopt a practical approach to what they wear, but they don’t lack creativity.

　　France

　　The French have a chic(別致的) air about them. They appear casual and elegant without being over-dressed or under-dressed, and always seem to give off confidence in their style choices. “The laissez-faire(自由放任的) approach to fashion is something many people love — and the looks they wear are something we all want to emulate on a daily basis,” said The Huffington Post.

　　1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

　　A. Getting dressed sophisticatedly is American style.

　　B. Wearing T-shirts is British style.

　　C. British young people like the preppy style.

　　D. The UK is the best-dressed country in the world.

　　2. What can we learn from Swedish dressing style?

　　A. It is practical and creative.

　　B. It is unaffordable.

　　C. It lacks confidence.

　　D. It lacks creativity.

　　3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “emulate” in the last paragraph?

　　A. Imitate.