2024屆高考英語二輪復習語法專項突破：第8節 定語從句（北師大版）
第八節 定語從句
考點一
定語從句的基本用法
1．限制性和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用；非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間往往由逗號隔開。
He has two sons who work in the same company.他有兩個兒子在同一家公司上班。(Perhaps he has more than two sons.)
He has two sons，who work in the same company.他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。(He has only two sons.)
2．關系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，as引導的定語從句
(1)who指人，在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)。
My brother who works in the hospital often looks after the patients carefully.
我在醫院工作的哥哥經常細心照看病人。
(2)whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)。
That is the man (whom) I met at the school gate yesterday.
他就是我昨天在學校門口碰見的那個人。
My brother，whom you met the other day，has gone abroad.
前幾天你遇見過的我的那個兄弟出國了。
(3)whose指人和物，在定語從句中作定語。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.她就是我的班里書法最好的學生。
I live in a room whose windows face the south.
我住在一個窗戶朝南的屋子里。
(4)that指人和物，不引導非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作主語、賓語(可省略)和表語。
These are the pictures (that) I took in China.
這些是我在中國拍的照片。
[名師點津] as指人或物，在非限制性定語從句中可指整個句子，一般作主語、賓語和表語。
As is known to us all，China is a developing country.
眾所周知，中國是個發展中國家。
3．關系副詞when，where，why引導的定語從句
(1)when在定語從句中作時間狀語。
I still remember the days when we stayed in England.
我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。
(2)where在定語從句中作地點狀語。
This is the place where they used to take a walk after supper.
這就是他們過去在晚飯后經常散步的地方。
(3)why在定語從句中作原因狀語。
The reason why he was late is that his mother was ill.
他遲到的理由是他母親病了。
考點二
三組重點關系詞的區別
1．關系代詞與關系副詞的區別
關系代詞與關系副詞的區別主要是在定語從句中的不同作用，關系代詞在從句中作主、賓、表和定語，而關系副詞在從句中作狀語。關系副詞有時可相當于“介詞＋關系代詞”。
Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent in Qingdao?
你還記得我們在青島度過的日子嗎？
Do you still remember the days when(＝in which) we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?
你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎？
2．that與which的區別
(1)只用that不用which的情況
先行詞是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時。
All that can be done has been done well.
能做的都已經做好了。
先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時。
This is the only thing that I can do now.
這是現在我僅能做的事。
先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞或被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時。
It is the last train that will go to Shanghai.
這是去上海的最后一趟火車。
先行詞為人、物并用時。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎？
當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是過去的那座城市了。
(2)只用which不用that的情況
引導非限制性定語從句時。
His jokes didn't even raise a smile，which was embarrassing.
聽了他講的笑話都沒人笑一下，真是太尷尬了。
關系代詞前有介詞時。
I bought a beautiful skirt，the price of which was very cheap.我買了件漂亮的裙子，其價格非常便宜。
3．which與as引導非限制性定語從句的區別
which as
位置上 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上 意為“這一點” 表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。
After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大學畢業后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。
考點三
“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
1．“介詞＋關系代詞”中介詞后的關系詞只能是which或whom
Do you know the man with whom Mr.Black talked just now?
你認識剛才和布萊克先生談話的那個人嗎？
2．“介詞＋關系代詞”中介詞的確定
(1)與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配，但需注意，有些固定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關系代詞前。
We can't find the house in which we used to live.
我們找不到過去曾經住過的房子。
This is the person (whom) you are looking for.
這就是你找的那個人。(for不能提前)
(2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.
他正在使用的那種工具叫作錘子。
(3)當“復合介詞短語＋which”引導定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序。
He lives in a big house，in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大樹。
[名師點津] “of＋which/whom”表示所屬關系。
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。
考點四
定語從句的其他要點
1．“介詞＋where”引導的定語從句
有時我們可以見到“介詞＋where”引導的定語從句，此時要與“介詞＋which”引導的定語從句加以比較。
He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.
他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西。(from where 指from behind the door而不是from the door)
2．當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意義的名詞時用關系副詞where引導定語從句。
They have reached the point where they have to finish the task in 5 days.
他們已經到了不得不5天內完成這項任務的地步了。
3．在定語從句中，the way在從句中充當方式狀語時，其后的關系詞可以是in which，that或省略；但是當它在從句中充當主語、賓語等成分時，其后的關系詞就用that或which。
What surprised me was not what he said but the
wayhe said it.
讓我吃驚的不是他說的話，而是他說話的方式。
The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。
4．先行詞是time，若time作“次數”講時，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時間，時代”講且作狀語時，應用關系副詞when或介詞at/during＋which引導定語從句。
This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.
這是總統第二次訪問這個國家了。
This was a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.
這是一個沒有收音機、沒有電話，也沒有電視的時期。
5．whose和of which/whom引導的定語從句
whose和of which/whom可以相互代替，但順序不同，whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of which/whom。
This is the scientist whose name(the name of whom)is known all over the world.
這就是那位世界聞名的科學家。
6．分隔式定語從句
定語從句有時不直接跟在先行詞之后，而是中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
There is an expression in her eyes that I can't read.
我不能理解她眼神中表達的東西。
[名師點津] 定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。
試比較：
He is one of the students who have passed the driving test.他是通過駕照考試的學生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the driving test.
他是唯一一位通過駕照考試的學生。
[本節小結]
從歷年的高考試題來看，主要考查引導定語從句的關系代詞或關系副詞的選擇、關系代詞which和that的區別、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句的用法、引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞as和which的區別等方面。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面，但有時為了行文的需要，先行詞與定語從句直接也會被同位語、狀語、謂語等成分分開，解決這類題目的關鍵是把分隔部分去掉，并能夠正確查找先行詞。
針對訓練
.用適當的關系代詞、介詞＋關系代詞或副詞填空
1．(2024·安徽高考) The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
【答案】 which/that
2．(2024·北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________my classmates recommended to me.
【答案】 which
3．(2024·福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities
________
they can gain experience for growth.
【答案】 where/in which
4．(2024·湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
【答案】 when /on which
5．(2024·江蘇高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work________ a good impression is a must.
【答案】 where
/in which
6．(2024·江西高考) Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.
【答案】 which/ that
7．(2024·山東高考)A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
【答案】 whose
8．(2024·陜西高考)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
【答案】 that
9．(2024·四川高考)Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.
【答案】 which
10．(2024·天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it differently.
【答案】 which
.語篇填空
用適當的關系詞完成下列短文
Do you know the man 1.________ wrote this book? He was Jason，one of the engineers 2.________ came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same
factory 3.________ my
father
once worked.When he came to China，the first thing 4.________ he did was to visit the factory 5.________ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason 6.________ China was so backward in it.
Then he spent every minute 7.________ he could spare to help China develop transportation.8.________ is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner 9.________ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 10.________ we should say thanks.
【答案】 1.who 2.who 3.where 4.that 5.which/that 6.why 7.that 8.As 9.who/that 10.whom
綜合演練
語法填空
用適當的關系詞完成下面短文
I have a good friend 1.________ name is Liu Mei.2.________ everyone agrees，she is a nice little girl，3.________ works hard at her lessons and does well in schooling.We are very good friends and there is much 4.________ we have in common.
One evening，she told me an accident 5.________ suddenly occurred，when her parents were out.At the moment，she was doing her homework when she smelt something 6.________ was burning.She stopped to look at the kitchen room，7.________ she found a cloud of smoking.
Fortunately，she didn't lose her head and all 8.________ she could do was to call for police.So she made an emergency call in the same way 9.________ she is often instructed at school.
So，be careful of fire，most of 10.________ comes all of a sudden and will eventually cause serious damage.
【答案】 1.whose 2.As 3.who 4.that 5.that(which) 6.that 7.where 8.that 9.as 10.which
