五年高考（2011-2024）英語試題分項精解：專題17 完形填空之夾敘夾議類（解析版）

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　　１.【2024·浙江】完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分，滿分20分)

　　閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21-40各題所給的四個選項(A, B, C和D)

　　中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。

　　Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高級管理人員) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now

　　on their way to impressive careers. By society’s

　　, they seem to have it made.

　　On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a

　　drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Longtime roommates, and

　　out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine

　　a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.

　　The thing is, a number of them have

　　that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some

　　of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they

　　. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and

　　29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the

　　to which they have so quickly become

　　31 .

　　People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and

　　the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they

　　or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s

　　. They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押貸款）to

　　, retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something

　　in their lives, but it’s

　　to step off the track.

　　In a society that tends to

　　everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our

　　in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs

　　in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.

　　21.

　　A. much

　　B. never

　　C. seldom

　　D. well

　　22.

　　A. policies

　　B. standards

　　C. experiments

　　D. regulations

　　23.

　　A. last

　　B. least

　　C. second

　　D. best

　　24.

　　A. cycled

　　B. moved

　　C. slid

　　D. looked

　　25.

　　A. shared

　　B. paid

　　C. equaled

　　D. collected

　　26.

　　A. advertised

　　B. witnessed

　　C. admitted

　　D. demanded

　　27.

　　A. complain

　　B. dream

　　C. hear

　　D. approve

　　28.

　　A. distribute

　　B. hate

　　C. applaud

　　D. neglect

　　29.

　　A. calm

　　B. guilty

　　C. warm

　　D. empty

　　30.

　　A. family

　　B. government

　　C. lifestyle

　　D. project

　　31.

　　A. accustomed

　　B. appointed

　　C. unique

　　D. available

　　32.

　　A. yet

　　B. also

　　C. instead

　　D. rather

　　33.

　　A. let out

　　B. turn in

　　C. give up

　　D. believe in

　　34.

　　A. fundamental

　　B. practical

　　C. impossible

　　D. unforgettable

　　35.

　　A. take of

　　B. drop off

　　C. put off

　　D. pay off

　　36. A. missing

　　B. inspiring

　　C. sinking

　　D. shining

　　37. A. harmful

　　B. hard

　　C. useful

　　D. normal

　　38. A. measure

　　B. suffer

　　C. digest

　　D. deliver

　　39. A. disasters

　　B. motivations

　　C. campaigns

　　D. decisions

　　40. A. assessed

　　B. involved

　　C. covered

　　D. reduced

　　28. B

　　考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. distribute意為分發，B. hate意為厭惡，C. applaud意為鼓掌，D. neglect意為忽略。根據上文的不開心和抱怨，不能得出答案是厭惡。

　　29. D

　　考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. calm意為平靜，B. guilty意為有罪的，C. warm意為溫暖，D. empty意為空的，累的。根據前面的tired累不能得出答案。Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and

　　29 。意為有些人不尊重他們工作的公司，說累。

　　30. C

　　考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. family意為家庭，B. government意為政府，C. lifestyle意為生活方式，D. project意為項目。前文提到很多都是生活，如學校生活，工作生活，結合語境不能得出答案是生活方式。

　　31. A

　　考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. accustomed意為習慣的，B. appointed意為指定的，C. unique意為獨一無二的，D. available意為可利用的?！癏owever, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the

　　to which they have so quickly become

　　. 意為“但是，不是全身心投入于工作，他們發現工作只是支持生活方式，而且慢慢他們已經對這種方式已經行習慣了。”

　　32. A

　　考查連詞以及對語境的理解。A. yet意為但是，表轉折，B. also

　　意為也，表遞進，C. instead

　　意為代替，D. rather意為相反。此句是長難句。意為：人們總是說走一種滿意的道路，但是最后，離開

　　37.B

　　考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. harmful

　　意為有害的，B. hard

　　意為困難的，C. useful意為有用的，D. normal意為正常的。句意是為他們意識到，在生活中失去了一些什么，但是他們卻很難離開這個軌跡。

　　38.A

　　考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. measure 意為衡量，B. suffer意為遭受，C. digest意為消化，D. deliver意為運送。句意為當前的社會，人們趨向于用錢來衡量measure所有的事情，我們在很小的時候就知道，應該考慮我們決定的經濟代價。

　　39.D

　　考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. disasters 意為災難，B. motivations意為動機，C. campaigns意為戰役，D. decisions意為決定。句意為當前的社會，人們趨向于用錢來衡量所有的事情，我們在很小的時候就知道，應該考慮我們決定decisions的經濟代價。

　　40.B

　　考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. assessed意為評估，B. involved意為涉及，C. covered意為覆蓋，D. reduced意為減少。Involved in 意為參與。句意為：那么，在追求錢高于意義的情況下，我們的個人以及社會代價呢？

　　【考點定位】夾敘夾議的一篇文章

　　【名師點睛】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，沒有生詞，主要是考查上下文理解和單詞理解。需要正確理解4個單詞的選項，尤其要注意一些一詞多義的地方。也要注意題目與題目直接的關系，如完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

　　閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

　　In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The

　　is that countries around the world have growing mountains of

　　because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

　　How did we

　　a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to

　　an object than to spend time and money to repair it.

　　modern manufacturing (制造業) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and

　　41 .

　　Another cause is our

　　of disposable (一次性的) products. As

　　people, we are always looking for

　　to save time and make our lives easier. Companies

　　thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

　　Our appetite for new products also

　　to the problem. We are

　　buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that

　　is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we

　　useful possessions to make room for new ones.

　　All around the world, we can see the

　　of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To

　　the amount of rubbish and to protect the

　　52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.

　　53 , this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem.

　　Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions

　　throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about

　　55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

　　36. A. key

　　B. reason

　　C. project

　　D. problem

　　37. A. gifts

　　B. rubbish

　　C. debt

　　D. products

　　38. A. face

　　B. become

　　C. observe

　　D. change

　　39. A. hide

　　B. control

　　C. replace

　　D. withdraw

　　40. A. Thanks to B. As to

　　C. Except for

　　D. Regardless of

　　41. A. safe

　　B. funny

　　C. cheap

　　D. powerful

　　42. A. love

　　B. lack

　　C. prevention

　　D. division

　　43. A. sensitive B. kind

　　C. brave

　　D. busy

　　44. A. ways

　　B. places

　　C. jobs

　　D. friends

　　45. A. donate

　　B. receive

　　C. produce

　　D. preserve

　　46. A. adapts

　　B. returns

　　C. responds

　　D. contributes

　　47. A. tired of

　　B. addicted to

　　C. worried about D. ashamed for

　　48. A. newer

　　B. stronger

　　C. higher

　　D. larger

　　49. A. pick up

　　B. pay for

　　C. hold onto

　　D. throw away

　　50. A. advantages

　　B. purposes

　　C. functions

　　D. consequences

　　51. A. show

　　B. record

　　C. decrease

　　D. measure

　　52. A. technology

　　B. environment C. consumers

　　D. brands

　　53. A. However

　　B. Otherwise

　　C. Therefore

　　D. Meanwhile

　　54. A. by

　　B. in favour of

　　C. after

　　D. instead of

　　55. A. spending

　　B. collecting

　　C. repairing

　　D. advertising

　　49. D 考查動詞短語。A撿起，學會，車接；B支付；C抓住，堅持；D扔掉。句意：人們扔掉自己的物品來為新的騰地方，故選D。

　　50. D 考查名詞辨析。A有點，有利條件；B目的；C功能，作用；D后果。根據下句可知，這里指的是亂扔垃圾的后果，故選D。

　　51. C 考查動詞辨析。A顯示，展示；B記錄；C減少；D測量。句意：越來越多的政府要求人們循環使用物品，這樣做是為了減少垃圾，故選C。

　　52. B 名詞辨析。A技術；B環境；C消費者；D品牌。要求人們循環利用也是為了保護環境，故選B。

　　53. A 考查副詞辨析。A然而；B要不然；C因此；D同時。句意：然而，只是要求人們循環利用是遠遠不夠的，故選A。

　　54. D 考查介詞辨析。A通過；B支持；C在......之后；D代替，而不是。句意：我們需要修理我們的財物，而不是扔掉它們，故選D。

　　55. C 考查動詞辨析。A花費，度過；B收集；C修理；D宣傳。句意：我們也需要重新考慮對修理的態度，根據下句“repairing...”可知答案，故選C。

　　【考點定位】社會類短文閱讀

　　【名師點睛】本篇是一篇比較貼近生活的文章，講的是一次性產品給環境造成的壓力。文章還建議人們養成循環利用的習慣，一以此來減少垃圾的產生并減輕環境的壓力。主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞義和辨析。做題時需要聯系前后句和上下文進解題，還要注意固定搭配。

　?。?【2024·湖南】Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be

　　, but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the

　　of my job as a music teacher, I thought -- teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was

　　inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: "Put your heads on the desks and close your