尋找雅思閱讀信號詞的方法

　　雅思閱讀文章中的信號詞就好比是高速公路上的標(biāo)識牌，見到了它們，就可以知道目的地距離自己的位置還有多遠(yuǎn)，需要直走，還是拐彎。考生應(yīng)根據(jù)這些信 號詞來判斷應(yīng)該采取精讀.跳讀或是掃讀等不一樣的閱讀方法和技巧。

　　在本文中筆者把劍橋4-8閱讀中出現(xiàn)的與考點相關(guān)的信號詞根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系分成八大類，分別是表順接和遞進(jìn)，表對比和轉(zhuǎn)折，表相似，表排列次序，表強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，表最高級.比較級，表因果關(guān)系，表舉例子和說明。

　　一、順接和遞進(jìn)

　　例詞：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition

　　考點：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom

　　解析：And在這句話開頭，有一定的遞進(jìn)含義，this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge，所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系，同學(xué)們在讀題的時候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)信號詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點考察的 意思補(bǔ)充完整。

　　二、對比和轉(zhuǎn)折

　　例詞：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while

　　考點：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past.

　　解題：此題是段落大意配對題，在確定H段段落大意時，段落中間but之后出現(xiàn)的那句話就是解題的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的兩個比較級，可以確定答案應(yīng)該為X The need to raise standards.

　　考點：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates.

　　解析：段首句用while引起注意，我們可以根據(jù)success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后兩個填空題。

　　三、相似

　　例詞：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as

　　考點: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.

　　解析：題目考的是對文章的總結(jié)。因此解題時重點看文章中表示結(jié)論的句子，thus這個單詞給了我們提示，而句子中的as...do表達(dá)的是一個相似的邏輯，因此答案可以確定為B。

　　四、排列次序

　　例詞：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally

　　考點：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,...

　　解析：題目30-31考的是并列和否定的邏輯關(guān)系，原文中的first, second, 對應(yīng)的就是題目中的neither...nor...這個并列關(guān)系，這兩題的答案就迎刃而解了。

　　考點：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared.

　　解析：段首句連用表示次序的信號詞，first, then, then and now, 體現(xiàn)發(fā)展的不同階段。

　　五、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

　　例詞：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize

　　考點：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates

　　解析：信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在哪個段落出現(xiàn)，在做此類題目時，要注意信號詞與考點的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence，起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號后面的介詞to表目的，與題目中的the general aim of一致對應(yīng)。

　　六、最高級、比較級

　　例詞：est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...

　　考點：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.

　　解析：題目中出現(xiàn)了最高級the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也應(yīng)該相應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)最高級。除了明顯的the most, -est, 還有些單詞本身也含有最高級的含義，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的這個extremely demanding對應(yīng)的就是題目中的最高級，所以答案也確定。

　　七、因果關(guān)系

　　例詞：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of

　　考點:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.

　　解題：題目問的是學(xué)校否認(rèn)問題反應(yīng)了什么，就是這個現(xiàn)象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就給解題提供了信息，根據(jù)consequence之前的一句話就可以將答案找到。

　　八、舉例子和說明

　　例詞：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including

　　考點：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton

　　解析：我們看到such as后面是舉例子，such as后面的例子可以作為定位詞，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這里就是一個概括性的詞語，常常是考點。

　　雅思閱讀文章中的信號詞就好比是高速公路上的標(biāo)識牌，見到了它們，就可以知道目的地距離自己的位置還有多遠(yuǎn)，需要直走，還是拐彎。考生應(yīng)根據(jù)這些信 號詞來判斷應(yīng)該采取精讀.跳讀或是掃讀等不一樣的閱讀方法和技巧。

　　在本文中筆者把劍橋4-8閱讀中出現(xiàn)的與考點相關(guān)的信號詞根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系分成八大類，分別是表順接和遞進(jìn)，表對比和轉(zhuǎn)折，表相似，表排列次序，表強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，表最高級.比較級，表因果關(guān)系，表舉例子和說明。

　　一、順接和遞進(jìn)

　　例詞：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition

　　考點：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom

　　解析：And在這句話開頭，有一定的遞進(jìn)含義，this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge，所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系，同學(xué)們在讀題的時候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)信號詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點考察的 意思補(bǔ)充完整。

　　二、對比和轉(zhuǎn)折

　　例詞：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while

　　考點：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past.

　　解題：此題是段落大意配對題，在確定H段段落大意時，段落中間but之后出現(xiàn)的那句話就是解題的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的兩個比較級，可以確定答案應(yīng)該為X The need to raise standards.

　　考點：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates.

　　解析：段首句用while引起注意，我們可以根據(jù)success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后兩個填空題。

　　三、相似

　　例詞：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as

　　考點: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.

　　解析：題目考的是對文章的總結(jié)。因此解題時重點看文章中表示結(jié)論的句子，thus這個單詞給了我們提示，而句子中的as...do表達(dá)的是一個相似的邏輯，因此答案可以確定為B。

　　四、排列次序

　　例詞：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally

　　考點：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,...

　　解析：題目30-31考的是并列和否定的邏輯關(guān)系，原文中的first, second, 對應(yīng)的就是題目中的neither...nor...這個并列關(guān)系，這兩題的答案就迎刃而解了。

　　考點：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared.

　　解析：段首句連用表示次序的信號詞，first, then, then and now, 體現(xiàn)發(fā)展的不同階段。

　　五、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

　　例詞：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize

　　考點：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates

　　解析：信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在哪個段落出現(xiàn)，在做此類題目時，要注意信號詞與考點的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence，起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號后面的介詞to表目的，與題目中的the general aim of一致對應(yīng)。

　　六、最高級、比較級

　　例詞：est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...

　　考點：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.

　　解析：題目中出現(xiàn)了最高級the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也應(yīng)該相應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)最高級。除了明顯的the most, -est, 還有些單詞本身也含有最高級的含義，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的這個extremely demanding對應(yīng)的就是題目中的最高級，所以答案也確定。

　　七、因果關(guān)系

　　例詞：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of

　　考點:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.

　　解題：題目問的是學(xué)校否認(rèn)問題反應(yīng)了什么，就是這個現(xiàn)象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就給解題提供了信息，根據(jù)consequence之前的一句話就可以將答案找到。

　　八、舉例子和說明

　　例詞：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including

　　考點：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton

　　解析：我們看到such as后面是舉例子，such as后面的例子可以作為定位詞，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這里就是一個概括性的詞語，常常是考點。