英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 句子的種類2
13.3 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子,結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽(yáng)那兒獲取光和熱。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道讀了你的信,我才知道實(shí)際情形。
典型例題
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是: It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who))+ 主謂句。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),才用 who,其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是,去掉It be that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
13.4 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)
句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。例如:
She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。
Please do take care of yourself. 千萬(wàn)保重。
13.5 反意疑問(wèn)句
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 arent I。例如:
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一樣高,對(duì)嗎?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說(shuō)句話,行嗎?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。例如:Some plants never blown (開花), do they ? 有些植物從不開花,對(duì)嗎?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問(wèn)部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他應(yīng)該知道該做什么,對(duì)嗎?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問(wèn)部分常用dont +主語(yǔ)(didnt +主語(yǔ))。例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我們要在明天早上八點(diǎn)到達(dá)那兒,是嗎?
6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用didnt +主語(yǔ)或 usednt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 他以前常在那兒拍照,是嗎?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadnt you? 例如:
Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去讀,好嗎?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他寧可讀十遍也不愿意背誦,是嗎?
9) 陳述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我們一塊去,對(duì)嗎?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。例如:
He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是醫(yī)生,是嗎?
You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定讀過(guò)三年英語(yǔ),對(duì)嗎?
He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任務(wù)的,是嗎?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問(wèn)部分用be +主語(yǔ)。例如:
What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的顏色,是嗎?
12) 陳述部分由neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程師,我也不是,對(duì)嗎?
13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就緒,是嗎?
14) 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況:
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。例如:
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?
史密斯先生曾幾次去過(guò)北京,按理說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在中國(guó),是嗎?
b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定。例如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他說(shuō)他想去日本看看,他是那樣說(shuō)的嗎?
c. 陳述部分主句為第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。例如:
I dont think he is bright, is he? 我認(rèn)為他并不聰明,是嗎?
We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我們相信她能做得更好,她能嗎?
15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。例如:
Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) 人人都知道答案,是這樣吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 沒(méi)人知道這件事,是吧?
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)。例如:
We need not do it again, need we ? 我們不必重做一遍,是嗎?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢這樣說(shuō),是嗎?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。例如:
She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢獨(dú)自回家,是嗎?
17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you。例如:
Dont do that again, will you? 別再這樣做,好嗎?
Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧,好嗎?
注意:Lets 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去聽音樂(lè),好嗎?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你讓我們?cè)陂営[室等你,好嗎?
18) 陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有問(wèn)題,對(duì)不對(duì)?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不會(huì)有麻煩吧,是嗎?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isnt it? 這不可能,是嗎?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不會(huì)對(duì)他同學(xué)使壞,是嗎?
20) must在表推測(cè)時(shí),根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句。例如:
He must be there now, isnt he? 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那兒,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨,是嗎?
13.3 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子,結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽(yáng)那兒獲取光和熱。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道讀了你的信,我才知道實(shí)際情形。
典型例題
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是: It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who))+ 主謂句?!?qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),才用 who,其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是,去掉It be that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
13.4 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)
句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。例如:
She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。
Please do take care of yourself. 千萬(wàn)保重。
13.5 反意疑問(wèn)句
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 arent I。例如:
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一樣高,對(duì)嗎?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說(shuō)句話,行嗎?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。例如:Some plants never blown (開花), do
13.3 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子,結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽(yáng)那兒獲取光和熱。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道讀了你的信,我才知道實(shí)際情形。
典型例題
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是: It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who))+ 主謂句?!?qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),才用 who,其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是,去掉It be that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
13.4 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)
句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。例如:
She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。
Please do take care of yourself. 千萬(wàn)保重。
13.5 反意疑問(wèn)句
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 arent I。例如:
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一樣高,對(duì)嗎?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說(shuō)句話,行嗎?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。例如:Some plants never blown (開花), do they ? 有些植物從不開花,對(duì)嗎?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問(wèn)部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他應(yīng)該知道該做什么,對(duì)嗎?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問(wèn)部分常用dont +主語(yǔ)(didnt +主語(yǔ))。例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我們要在明天早上八點(diǎn)到達(dá)那兒,是嗎?
6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用didnt +主語(yǔ)或 usednt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 他以前常在那兒拍照,是嗎?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadnt you? 例如:
Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去讀,好嗎?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他寧可讀十遍也不愿意背誦,是嗎?
9) 陳述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldnt +主語(yǔ)。例如:
Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我們一塊去,對(duì)嗎?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。例如:
He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是醫(yī)生,是嗎?
You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定讀過(guò)三年英語(yǔ),對(duì)嗎?
He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任務(wù)的,是嗎?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問(wèn)部分用be +主語(yǔ)。例如:
What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的顏色,是嗎?
12) 陳述部分由neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程師,我也不是,對(duì)嗎?
13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就緒,是嗎?
14) 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況:
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。例如:
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?
史密斯先生曾幾次去過(guò)北京,按理說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在中國(guó),是嗎?
b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定。例如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他說(shuō)他想去日本看看,他是那樣說(shuō)的嗎?
c. 陳述部分主句為第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。例如:
I dont think he is bright, is he? 我認(rèn)為他并不聰明,是嗎?
We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我們相信她能做得更好,她能嗎?
15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。例如:
Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) 人人都知道答案,是這樣吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 沒(méi)人知道這件事,是吧?
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)。例如:
We need not do it again, need we ? 我們不必重做一遍,是嗎?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢這樣說(shuō),是嗎?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。例如:
She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢獨(dú)自回家,是嗎?
17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you。例如:
Dont do that again, will you? 別再這樣做,好嗎?
Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧,好嗎?
注意:Lets 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去聽音樂(lè),好嗎?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你讓我們?cè)陂営[室等你,好嗎?
18) 陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有問(wèn)題,對(duì)不對(duì)?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不會(huì)有麻煩吧,是嗎?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isnt it? 這不可能,是嗎?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不會(huì)對(duì)他同學(xué)使壞,是嗎?
20) must在表推測(cè)時(shí),根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句。例如:
He must be there now, isnt he? 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那兒,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨,是嗎?
13.3 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子,結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽(yáng)那兒獲取光和熱。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道讀了你的信,我才知道實(shí)際情形。
典型例題
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是: It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who))+ 主謂句?!?qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),才用 who,其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是,去掉It be that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
13.4 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)
句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。例如:
She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。
Please do take care of yourself. 千萬(wàn)保重。
13.5 反意疑問(wèn)句
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 arent I。例如:
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一樣高,對(duì)嗎?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說(shuō)句話,行嗎?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。例如:Some plants never blown (開花), do