高中英語語法-關(guān)系代詞講與練
關(guān)系代詞講與練
一、關(guān)系代詞who， whom， whose， which， that引導(dǎo)定語從句的基本用法：
1. who/whom/that
三者都可指代人： who作主語， whom 作賓語， that既可以作主語， 又可作賓語。
如：
He is a good teacher who/that is loved by all.
Here is the man （whom） you are looking for.
注意： ①在口語中， who 可以代替whom作賓語。②關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)， 一般可省略。
2. whose 可修飾人，也可修飾物； 修飾物時(shí)， 可與of which換用，whose在定語從句中作定語。如：
I saw some trees whose leaves were black with diseases.
= I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with diseases.
3. that/which/that/which指代物， 在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。如：
Emei is a wonderful place which/that is worth visiting.
The film （which/that） we saw last night is wonderful.
二、須特別注意以下幾種特殊情況：
1. 常用that 不用which的情況：
① 先行詞為all， anything， everything， nothing， something等時(shí)。如：
I will do all （that） I can to help you.
② 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the only， the very等所修飾時(shí)。如：
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③ 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。如：
They talked about the people and the things （that）they remembered in the school.
④ 當(dāng)主句是以who 或which開頭的疑問句時(shí)， 定語從句用that 引導(dǎo)， 以避免重復(fù)。如：
Who is the boy that was here just now？
2. 若被修飾的名詞充當(dāng)從句介詞賓語時(shí)， 介詞可提前于引導(dǎo)詞之前，此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只能用whom 或which.如：
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，其后的定語從句用in which或 that引導(dǎo)，也可不用引導(dǎo)詞。如：
I dont like the way （in which/that） he talks to me.
鞏固練習(xí)：
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. To tell the truth， this is the only thing _______ I have in the world.
A. which B. that C. what D. of which
2. Everyone was on time for the meeting but Chris， ______ is usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
3. George Orwell， _______ was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
4. It is ______ he said it that surprised me.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
5. The girl to ______ I spoke is one of my old friends.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
Key： 1-5 BCDAB
關(guān)系代詞講與練
一、關(guān)系代詞who， whom， whose， which， that引導(dǎo)定語從句的基本用法：
1. who/whom/that
三者都可指代人： who作主語， whom 作賓語， that既可以作主語， 又可作賓語。
如：
He is a good teacher who/that is loved by all.
Here is the man （whom） you are looking for.
注意： ①在口語中， who 可以代替whom作賓語。②關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)， 一般可省略。
2. whose 可修飾人，也可修飾物； 修飾物時(shí)， 可與of which換用，whose在定語從句中作定語。如：
I saw some trees whose leaves were black with diseases.
= I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with diseases.
3. that/which/that/which指代物， 在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。如：
Emei is a wonderful place which/that is worth visiting.
The film （which/that） we saw last night is wonderful.
二、須特別注意以下幾種特殊情況：
1. 常用that 不用which的情況：
① 先行詞為all， anything， everything， nothing， something等時(shí)。如：
I will do all （that） I can to help you.
② 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the only， the very等所修飾時(shí)。如：
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③ 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。如：
They talked about the people and the things （that）they remembered in the school.
④ 當(dāng)主句是以who 或which開頭的疑問句時(shí)， 定語從句用that 引導(dǎo)， 以避免重復(fù)。如：
Who is the boy that was here just now？
2. 若被修飾的名詞充當(dāng)從句介詞賓語時(shí)， 介詞可提前于引導(dǎo)詞之前，此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只能用whom 或which.如：
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，其后的定語從句用in which或 that引導(dǎo)，也可不用引導(dǎo)詞。如：
I dont like the way （in which/that） he talks to me.
鞏固練習(xí)：
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. To tell the truth， this is the only thing _______ I have in the world.
A. which B. that C. what D. of which
2. Everyone was on time for the meeting but Chris， ______ is usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
3. George Orwell， _______ was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
4. It is ______ he said it that surprised me.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
5. The girl to ______ I spoke is one of my old friends.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
Key： 1-5 BCDAB
