高考英語總復習語法專項疑問句

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高考英語總復習語法專項疑問句

　　2009-03-18 11:28 來源：互聯網作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]

　　反意疑問句

　　一.反意疑問句的分類:

　　1.第一類反意疑問句由兩部分組成, 前一部分作陳述; 后一部分提問, 起證實或反證作用, 或只表示疑問語調的作用, 其肯定或否定與前一部分相反. 這一類反意疑問句實際上不表示疑問, 也并不一定要求對方回答

　　a. You havent done your homework, have you ?

　　b. You will be away for long, wont you ?

　　2.第二類反意疑問句也由兩部分組成, 前一部分作肯定的陳述, 用肯定形式, 后一部分提問也用肯定形式, 表示說話人對第一部分的陳述的真實性有所懷疑, 請對方加以證實

　　a. He teaches English, does he ?

　　二.應注意的問題:

　　1.疑問部分的主語與陳述部分的主語的對應:

　　①.陳述部分是there be結構時, 疑問部分用be(not) ther提問

　　a. There is no doubt about it, is there ?

　　b. There are hundreds of students on the playground, arent there ?

　　②.陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代詞時, 疑問部分主語多用they, 也可用he

　　a. Everyone knows his job, doesnt he ? / Everyone knows their jobs, dont they ?

　　③.陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分的主語用it.

　　a. Everything goes very well, doesnt it ?

　　④.陳述部分的主語是each時, 如果強調單個, 疑問部分的主語用單數代詞; 如果強調全體, 疑問部分的主語用復數代詞

　　a. Each of the students has his own desk, doesnt he ?

　　b. Each of the students passed the exam, didnt they ?

　　c. Each of the pens has a red cap, doesnt it ?

　　⑤.陳述部分的主語是不定式, 動名詞, 詞組或從句時, 疑問部分的主語用it

　　a. To drive a car is not easy, is it ?

　　b. Seeing is believing, isnt it ?

　　c. That you are leaving soon is true, isnt it ?

　　⑥.陳述部分的主語是this , that, these, those時, 疑問部分的主語要用it 或they

　　a. This is very important, isnt it ?

　　b. These are the books you bought yesterday, arent they ?

　　2.疑問部分的不完全動詞與陳述部分的不完全動詞的對應:

　　①.陳述部分沒有不完全動詞(即謂語中只有實義動詞)時, 疑問部分用do的某形式來提問

　　a. He likes English very much, doesnt he ?

　　b. He went to the cinema last Sunday, didnt he ?

　　c. You have learned English for eight years, havent you ?

　　②.陳述部分的謂語是used to do(過去經常)時, 疑問部分既可用used, 也可用did提問

　　a. He used to live in London, usednt / didnt he ?

　　③.若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為不完全動詞使用, 則疑問部分仍用need / dare / have提問; 若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為實義動詞來用, 則疑問部分用do的某一形式提問

　　a. We need to do it right now, dont we ?

　　b. We neednt do it right now, need we ?

　　c. You have finished your homework, havent you ?

　　d. You have a computer of you own, dont you ?

　　④.陳述部分有must表示一定是, 肯定是的推測意義時, 疑問部分不用must提問, 而要根據must所表示的時間, 用do / be的某一形式來提問, 具體對應情況見下表:

　　陳述部分謂語形式

　　含義

　　疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞

　　must do / be

　　一般情況或現在狀態

　　do, am / is / are

　　must be doing

　　正在發生的情況

　　am / is / are

　　must have done

　　過去發生的情況

　　did

　　a. He must be a student in this school, isnt he ?

　　b. You must be tired, arent you ?

　　c. They must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ?

　　d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didnt you ?

　　⑤.陳述部分有must表示有必要時, 疑問部分用neednt提問

　　a. You must go home right now, neednt you ?

　　3.其他問題:

　　①.陳述部分謂語出現有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結構

　　a. He is unfit for his office, isnt he ?

　　②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式

　　a. He hardly knows English, does he ?

　　③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用arent I.

　　a. I am your friend, arent I ?

　　④.陳述部分是I ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否定轉移句)時, 疑問部分要根據that引導的賓語從句來作

　　a. I think he can finish the work, cant he ?

　　b. I dont think he can finish the work, can he ?

　　陳述部分謂語形式含義疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞

　　must do / be一般情況或現在狀態do, am / is / are

　　must be doing正在發生的情況am / is / are

　　must have done過去發生的情況did

　　a. He must be a student in this school, isnt he ?

　　b. You must be tired, arent you ?

　　c. They must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ?

　　d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didnt you ?

　　⑤.陳述部分有must表示有必要時, 疑問部分用neednt提問

　　a. You must go home right now, neednt you ?

　　3.其他問題:

　　①.陳述部分謂語出現有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結構

　　a. He is unfit for his office, isnt he ?

　　②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式

　　a. He hardly knows English, does he ?

　　③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用arent I.

　　a. I am your friend, arent I ?

　　④.陳述部分是I ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否定轉移句)時, 疑問部分要根據that引導的賓語從句來作

　　a. I think he can finish the work, cant he ?

　　b. I dont think he can finish the work, can he ?

　　第二十章：直接引語與間接引語

　　一.直接引語與間接引語的轉換:

　　1.直接引語是陳述句, 變成間接引語時將陳述句變成that引導的賓語從句

　　a. Mary said, I arrived yesterday. =Mary said that she had arrived the day before.

　　b. Alice said, Ive just got a letter from my father. =Alice said that she had just got a letter from her father.

　　2.直接引語是一般疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 把一般疑問句變成由if / whether引導的賓語從句, 同時將語序改成陳述語序, said變成asked, asked后沒有間接賓語時, 要加一個間接賓語如me / him /her等

　　a. Jane asked Tom, Have you finished writing the report ? =Jane asked Tom if / whether he had finished writing the report.

　　b. Jane asked Dick, Have you finished writing the report ? =Jane asked Dick if / whether he had finished writing the report.

　　3.直接引語是特殊疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 特殊疑問句變成由原疑問詞引導的賓語從句, 同時變成陳述語序

　　a. What are you doing Jack ? Mary asked. =Mary asked him what he was doing.

　　b. They asked him, When do you harvest the wheat ? =They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

　　c. When did you leave Shanghai ? Peter asked me. =Peter asked me when I left Shanghai.

　　4.直接引語是祈使句, 變成間接引語時, 把祈使句變成一個不定式短語, 同時根據不同的口氣選用適當的謂語動詞, 構成ask / tell / order sb (not) to do sth.的結構

　　a. Dont come late again. he said. =He told me not to come late again.

　　b. Turn the oil over, please. He said. =He asked me to turn the soil over.

　　c. The farmer said, Dont grow plants in the same place year after year. =The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.

　　二.應注意的問題: 在直接引語變成間接引語時要注意以下問題

　　1.人稱代詞, 物主代詞要作相應的變化, 這方面的變化與漢語的習慣完全相同

　　a. He said, I like it very much. =He said that he liked it very much.

　　b. He said, I have left my book in your room. =He said he had left his book in my room.

　　2.時態的變化: 如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時, 直接引語變成間接引語時, 從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化(見下表); 如果主句的謂語動詞是現在時, 從句的時態無需變化

　　直接引語間接引語

　　一般現在時He said, I am afraid I cant finish this work一般過去時He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work

　　現在進行時He said, I am using the knife.過去進行時He said that he was using the knife.

　　現在完成時She said, I have not heard from him since May.過去完成時She said that she had not heard from him since May.

　　一般過去時He said, I came to help you.過去完成時He said that he had come to help me.

　　過去完成時He said, I had finished my homework before supper.過去完成時He said that he had finished his homework before supper.

　　一般將來時Zhou Lan said, I will do it after class.過去將來時Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.

　　些指示代詞, 時間狀語, 地點狀語和動詞要做相應的變化:

　　直接引語間接引語

　　this She said, I will come this morning.thatShe said that she would go that morning.

　　theseHe said, These books are mine.thoseHe said that those books were his.

　　nowHe said, It is nine oclock now.thenHe said that it was nine oclock then.

　　todayHe said, I havent seen her today.that dayHe said that he hadnt seen her that day.

　　yesterdayShe said, I went there yesterday.the day beforeShe said that she had gone there the day before.

　　tomorrowShe said, I will go there tomorrow.the next / following dayShe said that she would go there the next day.

　　hereHe said, My sister was here three days ago.thereHe said that his sister had been there three days before.

　　comeShe said, I will come here this evening.goShe said that she would go there that evening.

　　agoHe said, I went there three days ago.beforeHe said that he had gone there three days before.

　　last nightHe said, I saw the film last night.the night beforeHe said that he had seen the film the night before.

　　next weekHe said, The meeting will be held next week.the next weekHe said that the meeting would be held the next week.

　　4.直接引語如果是客觀真理, 變為間接引語時, 時態不變, 如:

　　a. He said, Light travels much faster than sound. =He said that light travels much faster than sound.

　　5.如果在當地轉述, here不必改為there, come不必改為go, yesterday / tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變

　　高考英語總復習語法專項疑問句