英語講義【119】動詞修飾語
這里要談副詞短語的種類以及其他動詞修飾語。
副詞短語由介詞+名詞／代詞／動名詞組成，可以表示時(shí)間（time）、狀況（manner）、原因（reason）、地點(diǎn)（place）、方法（means）、讓步（concession）等。例如：
1. He came at two oclock.（時(shí)間）
2. Ramat spoke in a loud voice.（狀況）
3. Some failed because of being sluggish.（原因）
4. The picnickers arrived at the beach.（地點(diǎn)）
5. The cook cut with a sharp knife.（方法）
6. Jason turned up in spite of the rain.（讓步）
如果不用短語，可以用副詞表示時(shí)間、狀況、地點(diǎn)，還有程度（degree）和頻率（frequency）等。例如：
7. I have heard something like that before.（時(shí)間）
8. The soldiers fought bravely.（狀況）
9. Go there, please!（地點(diǎn)）
10. I quite understand your problem.（程度）
11. Some students often talk in class.（頻率）
除了副詞和副詞短語之外，另一種常見的動詞修飾語，就是副詞分句，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較等。例如：
12. After he had watched the football match on TV, he went to bed.（時(shí)間）
13. Helen got the job because she was the best candidate.（原因）
14. If it rains, you had better stay at home to study（條件）
15. Sit wherever you like.（地點(diǎn)）
16. Some people are happy though they are not rich.（讓步）
17. We eat so that we may live.（目的）
18. Tom drove so fast that he had an accident.（結(jié)果）
19. This years profits are smaller than they were last year.（比較）
副詞、副詞短語與副詞分句是三種主要的動詞修飾語。此外，名詞短語、動名詞、不定式動詞及短語，甚至形容詞也可以修飾動詞。例如：
20. He came a long way.（名詞短語）
21. Who is the boy who came running?（動名詞）
22. You must try to play some outdoor games.（不定式動詞短語）
23. For lack of rain, the pool went dry.（形容詞）
20.-23.的動詞修飾語較固定，副詞、副詞短語以及副詞分句修飾動詞時(shí)，位置則靈活些，可以在句子前面或后面；有時(shí)還可以在中間，如：
24. You may, if you want, come to the meeting as usual.
如果句子中有不只一個(gè)副詞時(shí)，通常可以這樣排列：狀況+地方+時(shí)間，如：
25. I saw Joelle walk quickly there yesterday.
26. Can you speak loudly on the platform tomorrow?
如果句子中同時(shí)有副詞、副詞短語和副詞分句，那么最短的最先出現(xiàn)，最長的（通常是副詞分句）最后才出來，或者移至主句之前，如：
27.a. They went directly to the hotel after the plane had arrived.
b. After the plane had arrived, they went directly to the hotel.
28.a. David wants to see you personally in his office if you dont mind.
b. If you dont mind, David wants to see you personally in his office.
這里要談副詞短語的種類以及其他動詞修飾語。
副詞短語由介詞+名詞／代詞／動名詞組成，可以表示時(shí)間（time）、狀況（manner）、原因（reason）、地點(diǎn)（place）、方法（means）、讓步（concession）等。例如：
1. He came at two oclock.（時(shí)間）
2. Ramat spoke in a loud voice.（狀況）
3. Some failed because of being sluggish.（原因）
4. The picnickers arrived at the beach.（地點(diǎn)）
5. The cook cut with a sharp knife.（方法）
6. Jason turned up in spite of the rain.（讓步）
如果不用短語，可以用副詞表示時(shí)間、狀況、地點(diǎn)，還有程度（degree）和頻率（frequency）等。例如：
7. I have heard something like that before.（時(shí)間）
8. The soldiers fought bravely.（狀況）
9. Go there, please!（地點(diǎn)）
10. I quite understand your problem.（程度）
11. Some students often talk in class.（頻率）
除了副詞和副詞短語之外，另一種常見的動詞修飾語，就是副詞分句，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較等。例如：
12. After he had watched the football match on TV, he went to bed.（時(shí)間）
13. Helen got the job because she was the best candidate.（原因）
14. If it rains, you had better stay at home to study（條件）
15. Sit wherever you like.（地點(diǎn)）
16. Some people are happy though they are not rich.（讓步）
17. We eat so that we may live.（目的）
18. Tom drove so fast that he had an accident.（結(jié)果）
19. This years profits are smaller than they were last year.（比較）
副詞、副詞短語與副詞分句是三種主要的動詞修飾語。此外，名詞短語、動名詞、不定式動詞及短語，甚至形容詞也可以修飾動詞。例如：
20. He came a long way.（名詞短語）
21. Who is the boy who came running?（動名詞）
22. You must try to play some outdoor games.（不定式動詞短語）
23. For lack of rain, the pool went dry.（形容詞）
20.-23.的動詞修飾語較固定，副詞、副詞短語以及副詞分句修飾動詞時(shí)，位置則靈活些，可以在句子前面或后面；有時(shí)還可以在中間，如：
24. You may, if you want, come to the meeting as usual.
如果句子中有不只一個(gè)副詞時(shí)，通常可以這樣排列：狀況+地方+時(shí)間，如：
25. I saw Joelle walk quickly there yesterday.
26. Can you speak loudly on the platform tomorrow?
如果句子中同時(shí)有副詞、副詞短語和副詞分句，那么最短的最先出現(xiàn)，最長的（通常是副詞分句）最后才出來，或者移至主句之前，如：
27.a. They went directly to the hotel after the plane had arrived.
b. After the plane had arrived, they went directly to the hotel.
28.a. David wants to see you personally in his office if you dont mind.
b. If you dont mind, David wants to see you personally in his office.
