2023年職稱英語考試《理工類》A級閱讀理解范題精講(7）

　　練習(xí)：

　　1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

　　A Because they build their own nests.

　　B Because they collect food.

　　C Because their activity affects the environment.

　　D Because they are predators.

　　2. As predators, ants

　　A prey on small as well as large animals.

　　B collect nutritious food from the soil

　　C collect food as decomposers.

　　D prey on species much higher up the food chain.

　　3. Dir Sanders study centered on how ants

　　A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.

　　B defend their resources and territory against other predators.

　　C attack those invading animals for survival.

　　D produce such a big impact on the environment.

　　4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?

　　A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.

　　B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.

　　C Ants predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.

　　D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.

　　5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

　　A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?

　　B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?

　　C How do human activities affect ants influence on a given ecosystem?

　　D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C 短文的第一段提供了答案。A不是正確答案，因?yàn)椴⒉皇且驗(yàn)槲浵仌?huì)筑巢才被譽(yù)為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程師，而是因?yàn)樗鼈冎埠瞳@取食物的方式改變了土壤的營養(yǎng)水平，為整個(gè)食物鏈提供了很好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。

　　2.A答案能夠從短文的第三段直接找到。該段告訴我們，螞蟻的掠食范圍很廣，甚至包括比它們體積更大的動(dòng)物 。 prey 在這里的意思是捕獵，捕食，作為動(dòng)詞，后面跟介詞on或upon。

　　3.D Dirk Sanders說：In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the

　　subtleties of it.所以，D是正確選擇。句中the subtleties of it 的意思是：螞蟻對環(huán)境影響的精妙之處。

　　4.B 短文第六段第二句的大概意思是，螞蟻數(shù)量小的話，能使其他動(dòng)物的品種和數(shù)量增加，從而給環(huán)境帶來積極影響;第三句說，如果螞蟻的數(shù)量大，就不可能產(chǎn)生同樣的影響，或者是相反的影響，這表明，螞蟻的掠食活動(dòng)會(huì)抵銷螞蟻給環(huán)境帶來的積極影響。第七段Dr Frank van Veen 表達(dá)了大體相同的內(nèi)容。

　　5.C 最后一段的第二和第三句提供了答案。第二句告訴我們，螞蟻極易受人類的影響，第三句告訴我們，科學(xué)家還不清楚人類對螞蟻這種干擾如何破壞螞蟻對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)作用。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

　　A Because they build their own nests.

　　B Because they collect food.

　　C Because their activity affects the environment.

　　D Because they are predators.

　　2. As predators, ants

　　A prey on small as well as large animals.

　　B collect nutritious food from the soil

　　C collect food as decomposers.

　　D prey on species much higher up the food chain.

　　3. Dir Sanders study centered on how ants

　　A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.

　　B defend their resources and territory against other predators.

　　C attack those invading animals for survival.

　　D produce such a big impact on the environment.

　　4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?

　　A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.

　　B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.

　　C Ants predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.

　　D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.

　　5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

　　A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?

　　B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?

　　C How do human activities affect ants influence on a given ecosystem?

　　D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C 短文的第一段提供了答案。A不是正確答案，因?yàn)椴⒉皇且驗(yàn)槲浵仌?huì)筑巢才被譽(yù)為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程師，而是因?yàn)樗鼈冎埠瞳@取食物的方式改變了土壤的營養(yǎng)水平，為整個(gè)食物鏈提供了很好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。

　　2.A答案能夠從短文的第三段直接找到。該段告訴我們，螞蟻的掠食范圍很廣，甚至包括比它們體積更大的動(dòng)物 。 prey 在這里的意思是捕獵，捕食，作為動(dòng)詞，后面跟介詞on或upon。

　　3.D Dirk Sanders說：In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the

　　subtleties of it.所以，D是正確選擇。句中the subtleties of it 的意思是：螞蟻對環(huán)境影響的精妙之處。

　　4.B 短文第六段第二句的大概意思是，螞蟻數(shù)量小的話，能使其他動(dòng)物的品種和數(shù)量增加，從而給環(huán)境帶來積極影響;第三句說，如果螞蟻的數(shù)量大，就不可能產(chǎn)生同樣的影響，或者是相反的影響，這表明，螞蟻的掠食活動(dòng)會(huì)抵銷螞蟻給環(huán)境帶來的積極影響。第七段Dr Frank van Veen 表達(dá)了大體相同的內(nèi)容。

　　5.C 最后一段的第二和第三句提供了答案。第二句告訴我們，螞蟻極易受人類的影響，第三句告訴我們，科學(xué)家還不清楚人類對螞蟻這種干擾如何破壞螞蟻對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)作用。