GRE寫作技巧:類比方法
一、類比在GRE作文ISSUE中的應用。
ISSUE是立論文,也就是說,我們需要用理由或例子去支持自己的觀點。在英語中有個單詞叫comparable,直譯,實際上,它是相當于類似這個詞,因為在西方文化中,它是唯一類似的東西相媲美。因此,已經成為整個比喻的相似性的前提和基礎。
個人認為,在上述5種論證方法的類比是最合乎邏輯,精力和使用得當,可以查看顏色證明。這是一個有點像一個高中學到的幾何問題,解決的關鍵是不是在論證的過程中,但添加輔助線。只要找到一個合適的輔助線參數是很自然的事情。我們要證明一個抽象的,復雜的命題A - B時,我們可以選擇一個特定的形象,并不需要證明 - D作為輔助線,然后把原來復雜的視 - B討論論證的過程中,取代AB和CD之間的相似性。應當指出,所謂的特定的圖像,并且不需要證明的CD實際上指的事實或常識。因此,建立和比喻困難,選擇合適的CD。讓我們看一個例子。
The Negro has callus growing on his soul and its getting harder and harder to hurt him there. Thats simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe thats too tight. The foot is natures and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later, if you dont take the shoe off, a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe。
Its the same with the Negro in America. That shoethe white mans systemhas pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it almost destroyed him. But it didnt. And now a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear out that system。
很顯然在這段文字中,作者想證明的是全文第二段的最后一句話:And now a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear out that system。簡而言之,就是黑人終將沖破白人統治。
解放黑人反對白人統治,這是一個非常抽象和復雜的命題。示例使用的一般方法,學生都不約而同地認為馬丁。路德。金。是否類似的例子,事實上,很少有人能真正寫清楚,準確馬丁。路德。金的具體事跡,證明了這一點。學生們認為曼德拉甚至奧巴馬來證明它是偏頗。
現在我們看文字。作者非常巧妙的CD,即腳 - 鞋的關系。小鞋,腳穿著會疼,如果不及時采取關閉或調整,將不得不在腳上的老繭。如果鞋子繼續對腳被拘留,后來有一天,腳上的鞋穿了。這是一個很普通的理由,也不需要花時間去證明,在括號中AB和CD之間的相似性很容易證明這個復雜的命題,這是模擬的魅力。
下面再給大家一段文字來體會類比的妙用。
It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the worlds energy resources for future generations。
Another reason why an international effort is required is that other problems of an international nature have also required global cooperation. For example, has each nation independently recognized the folly of nuclear weapons proliferation and voluntarily disarmed? No. Only by way of an international effort, based largely on coercion of strong leaders against detractors, along with an appeal to self-interest, have we made some progress. By the same token, efforts of individual nations to thwart international drug trafficking have proven largely futile, because efforts have not been internationally based. Similarly, the problem of energy conservation transcends national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will ultimately suffer。
打個比方,這種推理是指每個人都做,其實不是新的。在中國的古典中國,如《老子》,《莊子》的深刻道理的故事,告訴明顯,如刻舟求劍等等,都非常好。另一方面,將詩歌的比喻或隱喻意味著很多抽象為具體表現的情緒。 幾泰戈爾鳥這個選擇集中一些什么,我們希望靈感升值的句子:
Her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night
Woman, when you move about in your household service your limbs sing like a hill stream among its pebbles。
The touch of the nameless days clings to my heart like mosses round the old tree。
二、類比在GRE作文ARGUMENT中的運用。
Argument是駁論性文章,也就是找一段文字中的錯誤,進行有理有據的駁斥。一般來說,argument比issue容易些,因為錯誤的類別其實很固定的,俗稱七宗罪。在這七宗罪中就有三宗是跟類比有關系的,分別是:misapplied generalization;hasty generalization;faulty analogy。駁斥,無論是什么樣的錯誤,只要東西做比喻,我們可以把它簡化成一件事---找異同。由于模擬關系,它成立的前提和基礎是相似的,所以只要找到異性的兩個階段之間的比較,然后再有一個合乎邏輯的推理是不成立的。我們舉個很簡單的例子來說明這個道理。如果這樣一個觀點:
你應該問在Eric的一方要求支持他們偉大的同一頻段。
在反駁,不采取的時間來證明埃里克的請求帶大的,這不是問題的關鍵。關鍵是找到雙方的異性,只要雙方能證明沒有可比性,那么這兩個頻段堅持或不堅持,不請。我們可以看到,從各方的數量,各方參與的對象,派對場所埃室內)等,提出假設,反駁。
一、類比在GRE作文ISSUE中的應用。
ISSUE是立論文,也就是說,我們需要用理由或例子去支持自己的觀點。在英語中有個單詞叫comparable,直譯,實際上,它是相當于類似這個詞,因為在西方文化中,它是唯一類似的東西相媲美。因此,已經成為整個比喻的相似性的前提和基礎。
個人認為,在上述5種論證方法的類比是最合乎邏輯,精力和使用得當,可以查看顏色證明。這是一個有點像一個高中學到的幾何問題,解決的關鍵是不是在論證的過程中,但添加輔助線。只要找到一個合適的輔助線參數是很自然的事情。我們要證明一個抽象的,復雜的命題A - B時,我們可以選擇一個特定的形象,并不需要證明 - D作為輔助線,然后把原來復雜的視 - B討論論證的過程中,取代AB和CD之間的相似性。應當指出,所謂的特定的圖像,并且不需要證明的CD實際上指的事實或常識。因此,建立和比喻困難,選擇合適的CD。讓我們看一個例子。
The Negro has callus growing on his soul and its getting harder and harder to hurt him there. Thats simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe thats too tight. The foot is natures and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later, if you dont take the shoe off, a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe。
Its the same with the Negro in America. That shoethe white mans systemhas pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it almost destroyed him. But it didnt. And now a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear out that system。
很顯然在這段文字中,作者想證明的是全文第二段的最后一句話:And now a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear out that system。簡而言之,就是黑人終將沖破白人統治。
解放黑人反對白人統治,這是一個非常抽象和復雜的命題。示例使用的一般方法,學生都不約而同地認為馬丁。路德。金。是否類似的例子,事實上,很少有人能真正寫清楚,準確馬丁。路德。金的具體事跡,證明了這一點。學生們認為曼德拉甚至奧巴馬來證明它是偏頗。
現在我們看文字。作者非常巧妙的CD,即腳 - 鞋的關系。小鞋,腳穿著會疼,如果不及時采取關閉或調整,將不得不在腳上的老繭。如果鞋子繼續對腳被拘留,后來有一天,腳上的鞋穿了。這是一個很普通的理由,也不需要花時間去證明,在括號中AB和CD之間的相似性很容易證明這個復雜的命題,這是模擬的魅力。
下面再給大家一段文字來體會類比的妙用。
It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the worlds energy resources for future generations。
Another reason why an international effort is required is that other problems of an international nature have also required global cooperation. For example, has each nation independently recognized the folly of nuclear weapons proliferation and voluntarily disarmed? No. Only by way of an international effort, based largely on coercion of strong leaders against detractors, along with an appeal to self-interest, have we made some progress. By the same token, efforts of individual nations to thwart international drug trafficking have proven largely futile, because efforts have not been internationally based. Similarly, the problem of energy conservation transcends national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will ultimately suffer。
打個比方,這種推理是指每個人都做,其實不是新的。在中國的古典中國,如《老子》,《莊子》的深刻道理的故事,告訴明顯,如刻舟求劍等等,都非常好。另一方面,將詩歌的比喻或隱喻意味著很多抽象為具體表現的情緒。 幾泰戈爾鳥這個選擇集中一些什么,我們希望靈感升值的句子:
Her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night
Woman, when you move about in your household service your limbs sing like a hill stream among its pebbles。
The touch of the nameless days clings to my heart like mosses round the old tree。
二、類比在GRE作文ARGUMENT中的運用。
Argument是駁論性文章,也就是找一段文字中的錯誤,進行有理有據的駁斥。一般來說,argument比issue容易些,因為錯誤的類別其實很固定的,俗稱七宗罪。在這七宗罪中就有三宗是跟類比有關系的,分別是:misapplied generalization;hasty generalization;faulty analogy。駁斥,無論是什么樣的錯誤,只要東西做比喻,我們可以把它簡化成一件事---找異同。由于模擬關系,它成立的前提和基礎是相似的,所以只要找到異性的兩個階段之間的比較,然后再有一個合乎邏輯的推理是不成立的。我們舉個很簡單的例子來說明這個道理。如果這樣一個觀點:
你應該問在Eric的一方要求支持他們偉大的同一頻段。
在反駁,不采取的時間來證明埃里克的請求帶大的,這不是問題的關鍵。關鍵是找到雙方的異性,只要雙方能證明沒有可比性,那么這兩個頻段堅持或不堅持,不請。我們可以看到,從各方的數量,各方參與的對象,派對場所埃室內)等,提出假設,反駁。