初中英語常見錯誤之H系列

　　had better

　　[誤] You have better hurry.

　　[正] You had better hurry.

　　[析] had better只用過去時had，不要誤用成現在時have。

　　[誤] You hadnt better worry.

　　[正] You had better not worry.

　　[析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式，其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。

　　half

　　[誤] I had driven about half mile.

　　[正] I had driven about half a mile.

　　[析] 半小時有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個半小時應講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應講half a day，半鎊應講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year，而應用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.

　　[誤] Half us could go to the park.

　　[正] Half of us could go to the park.

　　[析] half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構，但用于代詞前則必須加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.

　　[誤] One and half apples are left on the table.

　　[正] One and half apples is left on the table.

　　[析] 一個半one and half后面的名詞要用復數，而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數。

　　[誤] Half of the work are done.

　　[正] Half of the work is done.

　　[誤] Half of the six apples is red.

　　[正] Half of the six apples are red.

　　[析] half of+名詞這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致，如為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數，要用單數謂語動詞;而復數名詞后面要加與復數相對應的謂語動詞。

　　hand

　　[誤] He shook hand with his teacher.

　　[正] He shook hands with his teacher.

　　[析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數形式，如：change hands (轉手、易手)，in the hands of (由控制)，join hands (與人合作)。

　　happen

　　[誤] What was happened to you last month

　　[正] What happened to you last month

　　[誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.

　　[正] An accident happened in this street last night.

　　[析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態，作為發生講的happen，take place和break out都不具有被動態。happen to常用來表達一件偶然發生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.

　　hard

　　[誤] I have to study hardly.

　　[正] I have to study hard.

　　[析] hard是形容詞，如：a hard work，但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式，但詞意截然不同，意為幾乎不。

　　[誤] I had my leg broken last term， so I couldnt hardly study at all.

　　[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.

　　[析] hardly意為否定，所以不要再加否定詞語了，如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　have

　　[誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.

　　[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.

　　[析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。

　　[誤] I have my bike to repair.

　　[正] I have my bike repaired.

　　[析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作，請看下面兩句意義的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)

　　[誤] Could you give me some money if you have.

　　[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.

　　[析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應加上any一詞，如：I want some books if there is any.

　　headache

　　[誤] Ive got headache.

　　[正] Ive got a headache.

　　[析] Headache是一個規則的可數名詞，所以可以講：My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache，肚子痛stomacheache等卻都可以用作不可數名詞，如：Ive got toothache. 但也可用作可數名詞。

　　hear

　　[誤] He was heard sing in the next room.

　　[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.

　　[析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現上述問題。如，主動態：I heard her singing in the next room. 變為被動態時為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

　　hear listen to

　　hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強調其結果;而listen to則強調有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

　　但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意，如：I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.

　　help

　　[誤] Please help my homework.

　　[正] Please help me do my homework.

　　[正] Please help me with my homework.

　　[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導我做作業。但在現代英語中這個區別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區別。

　　[誤] When I read the play I cant help to think of my childhood.

　　[正] When I read the play I cant help thinking of my childhood.

　　[析] cant help doing something是身不由己，情不自禁做某事。

　　[誤] Help yourself with some cakes.

　　[正] Help yourself to some cakes.

　　[析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃，英文中要用help somebody to something.

　　here

　　[誤] Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語如是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!

　　high

　　[誤] He is very high.

　　[正] He is very tall.

　　[析] 英語中的兩個高high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。

　　hit

　　[誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.

　　[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.

　　[析] hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。

　　home

　　[誤] Im tired. Its time I went to home.

　　[正] Im tired. Its time I went home.

　　[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外，還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)

　　home house family

　　home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.

　　homgwork

　　[誤] I have so many homework to do today.

　　[正] I have so much homework go do today.

　　[析] homework為不可數名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時為可數名詞)，fun，health information等。

　　hope

　　[誤] I hope you to be a good student.

　　[正] I hope you will be a good student.

　　[析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.

　　[誤] I dont hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

　　[正] I hope you wont go to the park tomorrow.

　　[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如我認為你錯了。應譯為：I dont think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認為應譯為I dont think so.或I hope not.

　　[誤] I hope your help.

　　[正] I hope for your help.

　　[析] hope for為期望某事發生，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達期望某事情發生要用hope for+名詞這一結構。

　　[誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.

　　[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.

　　[析] 對某事存有希望應用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結構。

　　hospital

　　[誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

　　[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

　　[析] in hospital為住院就醫。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如：上學為go to school，at school為在校就讀，go to bed為上床睡覺。

　　how

　　[誤] I want to know how to do.

　　[正] I want to know how to do it.

　　[析] how 是關聯副詞，要注意與關聯代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

　　[誤] How do you think about it

　　[正] What do you think about it

　　[析] 英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用What do you think about這一句式。

　　hurry

　　[誤] Lets hurry. There is a little time left.

　　[正] Lets hurry. There is little time left.

　　[誤] Dont worry. There is little time left.

　　[正] Dont worry. There is a little time left.

　　[析] 請注意英語中的慣用法：快點吧，沒時間了，或別著急還有一點時間。

　　[誤] The car is hurrying through the street.

　　[正] The car is rushing throught the street.

　　[析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。

　　hundred

　　[誤] There are two hundreds people here.

　　[正] There are two hundred people here.

　　[誤] There are hundred of people here.

　　[正] There are hundreds of people here.

　　[析] hundred一詞前如有數字時不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數百的，這一詞組一定要加s.

　　hurt

　　[誤] I dont want to wound her feelings.

　　[正] I dont want to hurt her feelings.

　　[析] wound是指戰場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。

　　had better

　　[誤] You have better hurry.

　　[正] You had better hurry.

　　[析] had better只用過去時had，不要誤用成現在時have。

　　[誤] You hadnt better worry.

　　[正] You had better not worry.

　　[析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式，其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。

　　half

　　[誤] I had driven about half mile.

　　[正] I had driven about half a mile.

　　[析] 半小時有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個半小時應講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應講half a day，半鎊應講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year，而應用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.

　　[誤] Half us could go to the park.

　　[正] Half of us could go to the park.

　　[析] half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構，但用于代詞前則必須加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.

　　[誤] One and half apples are left on the table.

　　[正] One and half apples is left on the table.

　　[析] 一個半one and half后面的名詞要用復數，而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數。

　　[誤] Half of the work are done.

　　[正] Half of the work is done.

　　[誤] Half of the six apples is red.

　　[正] Half of the six apples are red.

　　[析] half of+名詞這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致，如為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數，要用單數謂語動詞;而復數名詞后面要加與復數相對應的謂語動詞。

　　hand

　　[誤] He shook hand with his teacher.

　　[正] He shook hands with his teacher.

　　[析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數形式，如：change hands (轉手、易手)，in the hands of (由控制)，join hands (與人合作)。

　　happen

　　[誤] What was happened to you last month

　　[正] What happened to you last month

　　[誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.

　　[正] An accident happened in this street last night.

　　[析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態，作為發生講的happen，take place和break out都不具有被動態。happen to常用來表達一件偶然發生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.

　　hard

　　[誤] I have to study hardly.

　　[正] I have to study hard.

　　[析] hard是形容詞，如：a hard work，但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式，但詞意截然不同，意為幾乎不。

　　[誤] I had my leg broken last term， so I couldnt hardly study at all.

　　[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.

　　[析] hardly意為否定，所以不要再加否定詞語了，如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　have

　　[誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.

　　[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.

　　[析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。

　　[誤] I have my bike to repair.

　　[正] I have my bike repaired.

　　[析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作，請看下面兩句意義的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)

　　[誤] Could you give me some money if you have.

　　[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.

　　[析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應加上any一詞，如：I want some books if there is any.

　　headache

　　[誤] Ive got headache.

　　[正] Ive got a headache.

　　[析] Headache是一個規則的可數名詞，所以可以講：My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache，肚子痛stomacheache等卻都可以用作不可數名詞，如：Ive got toothache. 但也可用作可數名詞。

　　hear

　　[誤] He was heard sing in the next room.

　　[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.

　　[析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現上述問題。如，主動態：I heard her singing in the next room. 變為被動態時為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

　　hear listen to

　　hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強調其結果;而listen to則強調有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

　　但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意，如：I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.

　　help

　　[誤] Please help my homework.

　　[正] Please help me do my homework.

　　[正] Please help me with my homework.

　　[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導我做作業。但在現代英語中這個區別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區別。

　　[誤] When I read the play I cant help to think of my childhood.

　　[正] When I read the play I cant help thinking of my childhood.

　　[析] cant help doing something是身不由己，情不自禁做某事。

　　[誤] Help yourself with some cakes.

　　[正] Help yourself to some cakes.

　　[析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃，英文中要用help somebody to something.

　　here

　　[誤] Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語如是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!

　　high

　　[誤] He is very high.

　　[正] He is very tall.

　　[析] 英語中的兩個高high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。

　　hit

　　[誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.

　　[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.

　　[析] hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。

　　home

　　[誤] Im tired. Its time I went to home.

　　[正] Im tired. Its time I went home.

　　[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外，還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)

　　home house family

　　home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.

　　homgwork

　　[誤] I have so many homework to do today.

　　[正] I have so much homework go do today.

　　[析] homework為不可數名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時為可數名詞)，fun，health information等。

　　hope

　　[誤] I hope you to be a good student.

　　[正] I hope you will be a good student.

　　[析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.

　　[誤] I dont hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

　　[正] I hope you wont go to the park tomorrow.

　　[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如我認為你錯了。應譯為：I dont think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認為應譯為I dont think so.或I hope not.

　　[誤] I hope your help.

　　[正] I hope for your help.

　　[析] hope for為期望某事發生，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達期望某事情發生要用hope for+名詞這一結構。

　　[誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.

　　[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.

　　[析] 對某事存有希望應用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結構。

　　hospital

　　[誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

　　[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

　　[析] in hospital為住院就醫。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如：上學為go to school，at school為在校就讀，go to bed為上床睡覺。

　　how

　　[誤] I want to know how to do.

　　[正] I want to know how to do it.

　　[析] how 是關聯副詞，要注意與關聯代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

　　[誤] How do you think about it

　　[正] What do you think about it

　　[析] 英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用What do you think about這一句式。

　　hurry

　　[誤] Lets hurry. There is a little time left.

　　[正] Lets hurry. There is little time left.

　　[誤] Dont worry. There is little time left.

　　[正] Dont worry. There is a little time left.

　　[析] 請注意英語中的慣用法：快點吧，沒時間了，或別著急還有一點時間。

　　[誤] The car is hurrying through the street.

　　[正] The car is rushing throught the street.

　　[析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。

　　hundred

　　[誤] There are two hundreds people here.

　　[正] There are two hundred people here.

　　[誤] There are hundred of people here.

　　[正] There are hundreds of people here.

　　[析] hundred一詞前如有數字時不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數百的，這一詞組一定要加s.

　　hurt

　　[誤] I dont want to wound her feelings.

　　[正] I dont want to hurt her feelings.

　　[析] wound是指戰場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。