2024屆江蘇省高考英語二輪專項(xiàng)突破：語法 專題2 非謂語動(dòng)詞
專題二 非謂語動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)1 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語
1．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2024·重慶，11)
A．used
B．having used
C．using
D．use
2．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(2024·湖南，30)
A．wondering
B．wonder
C．to wonder
D．wondered
3．________in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.(2024·天津，5)
A．To absorb
B．To be absorbed
C．Absorbed
D．Absorbing
4．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2024·天津，8)
A．To work
B．Worked
C．To be working
D．Having worked
5．________ more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2024·福建，28)
A．Learn
B．Learned
C．To learn
D．To be learning
6．Time，________ correctly，is money in the bank.(2024·湖南，23)
A．to use
B．used
C．using
D．use
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式、目的、評(píng)論性狀語等；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)；分詞的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。
United，we stand；divided，we fall.
合則立，分則敗。(表示條件)
He entered the room，following his father (followed by his father)．
他進(jìn)了房間，跟在他爸爸的后面(他爸爸跟在后面)。(表示伴隨)
She fell off her bike，breaking her left leg.
她從自行車上摔了下來，摔斷了左腿。(表示結(jié)果)
Personally speaking，it’s a good idea!
就我個(gè)人而言，我認(rèn)為這是個(gè)好的觀點(diǎn)。(評(píng)論性狀語)
2．不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、評(píng)論性狀語等。表原因時(shí)通常和形容詞連用，如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的時(shí)其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表結(jié)果時(shí)其前通常與only連用，往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。
She is interesting to talk to.
和她談話很有意思。(表示原因)
To succeed，one must first of all believe in himself.
要想成功，首先應(yīng)該自信。(表示目的)
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.(2024·四川，6)
湯姆乘出租車去機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)高高地飛在空中。(表示結(jié)果)
I’ve never seen such a person，to tell you the truth.
實(shí)話告訴你，我從來沒有見過這樣一個(gè)人。(評(píng)論性狀語)
考點(diǎn)2 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語
1．Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.(2024·浙江，14)
A．to appoint
B．a(chǎn)ppointing
C．a(chǎn)ppointed
D．having appointed
2．There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2024·北京，28)
A．solving
B．solved
C．being solved
D．to be solved
3．There’s a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again.(2024·山東，6)
A．saying
B．says
C．said
D．having said
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．分詞作定語，單個(gè)分詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞的后面；分詞的完成時(shí)(having done 或having been done)形式一般不作定語。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞短語作定語表示被動(dòng)或完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示完成不表示被動(dòng)。不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞之后，不定式表示的是將來的動(dòng)作，主動(dòng)形式用to do，被動(dòng)形式用to be done。
This is a problem discussed.
＝This is a problem which was discussed.
這是一個(gè)已討論了的問題。
This is a problem being discussed.
＝This is a problem which is being discussed.
這是一個(gè)正在被討論的問題。
This is a problem to be discussed.
＝This is a problem which is to be discussed.
這是一個(gè)將要討論的問題。
2．動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途，如swimming pool相當(dāng)于a pool for swimming，reading room相當(dāng)于a room for reading 等。
考點(diǎn)3 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓(主)補(bǔ)
1．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2024·陜西，18)
A．taking
B．taken
C．take
D．be taken
2．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ live is quite another.(2024·浙江，18)
A．perform
B．performing
C．to perform
D．being performed
3．He is thought ________ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2024·江西，34)
A．to act
B．to have acted
C．a(chǎn)cting
D．having acted
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．不定式作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況：一是帶to，一是不帶to。通常情況下使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但是變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)榱酥餮a(bǔ)，這時(shí)不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。
It’s hard to persuade Dad to give up smoking.
說服爸爸戒煙很難。
She is often heard to sing the song.
經(jīng)常聽到她唱這首歌。
2．現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語有兩種情況：一是形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示事物的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)；二是具有動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
We all think the speech very inspiring.
我們都認(rèn)為這個(gè)演講很鼓舞人。
He was last seen playing in the garden.
最后一次看到他時(shí)，他在花園玩耍。
3．過去分詞作補(bǔ)語表示賓(主)語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓(主)語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.
交試卷前，請(qǐng)檢查核對(duì)答案。
Almost no student is seen punished in that school.
在那所學(xué)校幾乎看不到學(xué)生被懲罰。
考點(diǎn)4 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語
1．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.(2024·陜西，17)
A．to thank
B．thanking
C．having thanked
D．to have thanked
2．It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ for a swim？(2024·陜西，12)
A．to go
B．going
C．go
D．having gone
3．The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________.(2024·北京，35)
A．recognizing
B．being recognized
C．having recognized
D．having been recognized
考點(diǎn)歸納
作賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式有不定式或動(dòng)名詞。有些動(dòng)詞后面只跟不定式作賓語(如want，hope，decide，promise等)；有些動(dòng)詞后面只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(如admit，advise，allow，avoid，risk，suggest等)；有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但是意思有所不同(如stop，remember，regret，go on等)；在介詞(除but，except之外)后面一般用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
When it comes to speaking in public，no one can match him.(2024·江西，26)
當(dāng)提及在公共場所發(fā)言時(shí)，沒有人能比得上他。
I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.(2024·安徽，24)
離開辦公室前我記著鎖門了，卻忘了關(guān)燈。
考點(diǎn)5 非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語
1．While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2024·安徽，32)
A．promote
B．promoted
C．promoting
D．to promote
2．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.(2024·福建，30)
A．connected
B．connecting
C．to connect
D．to be connected
3．The engine just won’t start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.(2024·重慶，34)
A．to go B．to have gone
C．going
D．having gone
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．不定式作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。
My goal is to be a scientist.
我的目標(biāo)是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。
What strikes me most is to see him always busy.
使我感到驚訝的是總看見他很忙碌。
2．動(dòng)名詞作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。
My favorite sport is skiing.
我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑雪。
Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。
3．作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，用于說明主語的性質(zhì)與特征。過去分詞作表語和系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，往往表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài)，有時(shí)候用于get＋v.-ed結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The report is very encouraging.
這個(gè)報(bào)告非常鼓舞人心。
I got confused，even bored.
我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點(diǎn)煩了。
考點(diǎn)6 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語
1．________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2024·湖南，23)
A．Understanding
B．To be understood
C．Being understood
D．Having understood
2．It’s standard practice for a company like this one ________ a security officer.(2024·山東，9)
A．employed
B．being employed
C．to employ
D．employs
3．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better________silent.(2024·浙江，3)
A．remain
B．be remaining
C．having remained
D．to remain
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．動(dòng)名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)候用it作形式主語，常用于It’s useful/nice/useless...等句式中。
Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.
早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。
2．不定式作主語往往表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語it代替。
To stop the work now seems impossible.
＝It seems impossible to stop the work now.
現(xiàn)在停止這項(xiàng)工作似乎是不可能的。
To see is to believe.
百聞不如一見。
考點(diǎn)7 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
1．Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2024·江蘇，24)
A．being spent
B．having spent
C．spent
D．spending
2．The lecture ________，a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2024·江蘇，29)
A．being given
B．having given
C．to be given
D．having been given
3．The party will be held in the garden，weather________.(2024·新課標(biāo)全國，28)
A．permitting
B．to permit
C．permitted
D．permit
4．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.(2024·遼寧，25)
A．to follow
B．following
C．followed
D．follows
考點(diǎn)歸納
1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)＋分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語，通常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他部分隔開。
Mary coming back，they discussed it together.
瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。
Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.
運(yùn)氣好的話，我掙的錢將比你們所有人掙得都多。
2．介詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
with sb./sth.＋doing/done/to do，其中非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù)賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。
He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在那里，眼望天空。
3．there be句型的非謂語形式
I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.
我從未想到墻上會(huì)有幅畫。
I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.
我希望她有很多機(jī)會(huì)找到工作。
There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰，我讓司機(jī)減速慢行。
There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.
因?yàn)閮商鞗]有水了，所有游客都非常渴了。
考點(diǎn)8 “連詞＋分詞(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu)
1．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.(2024·湖南，24)
A．to leave
B．leaving
C．leave
D．left
2．Children，when ________ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2024·湖南，21)
A．to be accompanied
B．to accompany
C．a(chǎn)ccompanying
D．a(chǎn)ccompanied
3．Once________，Jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.(2024·上海春招，33)
A．having married
B．being married
C．marrying
D．married
考點(diǎn)歸納
分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，as if等。有時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可看成是狀語從句的省略。
After taking the medicine，she felt better.
吃過藥后，她感覺好些了。
The man will die unless operated at once.
除非立刻動(dòng)手術(shù)，不然那人就會(huì)死。
解題方法
方法1 正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞
句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類，即簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來引導(dǎo)，如果句子中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)選謂語動(dòng)詞形式；如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。
