2024屆高考英語二輪題型專題方略課件：專題1 閱讀理解 第3講 詞義猜測題（通用版）

　　欄目導引 高頻考 點突破 專題針 對訓練 課堂達 標訓練 專題一　閱讀理解 第三講　詞義猜測題 專題一　閱讀理解 [命題分析] 詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解題中的一種常見的題型。詞義猜測可以是對一個單詞的意義推斷，也可以是對一個短語或一個句子的意義推斷，既可以是生詞生義，也可以是熟詞新 義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內容的判斷。通過對近三年新課標全國卷分析統計來看，詞義猜測題一般有1－2題。雖然題量不大，考查相對比較穩定，但難度略有增加，需要在復雜的句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。 在詞義猜測題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據短文提供的語境，通過閱讀上下文，根據已知的信息或常識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或詞組的含義。 專題一　閱讀理解 單詞或短語意思猜測題 該題型著重考查考生根據上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進行推理，有時還需要依靠常識和經驗來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶婕皩δ硞€生詞或短語的含義的猜測、對某個熟詞進行生義的猜測或考查該詞能被哪個單詞或短語代替等。常見的命題形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”． Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”． What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?

　　(2024·高考北京卷) The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________． A．silently B．gradually C．regularly

　　D．completely D 【解析】　詞義猜測題。本題屬于猜測熟詞的新義。由本段可知，我們能看到物體一類是因為它們減慢了光速和對光進行了散射，使其改變了原來的路線，而另外一類是因為它們對光線的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的傳播過程中就被完全阻止了，因此這里dead意為“完全地”，故選D。

　　(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programs B．provided fewer channels C．changed to commercials D．showed all-night movies 【解析】　詞義猜測題。結合畫線部分所在的句子“The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.”尤其是畫線短語前面的I would keep it on說明作者非常喜歡看電視，一 直看到電視臺停止播放節目為止，故A項“結束所有的節 目”與短語sign off “結束廣播/電視節目”意義相近，為正確答案。 A 名師點津 對于此類題目我們可以借助下面這些方法來答題：(1)“拆 猜”并用來解決問題：閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。此時可以用“拆猜”的方式，先把該詞的各種詞綴或前后兩個合成部分拆開，再結合我們掌握的構詞法知識，根據中心詞的含義和詞綴的含義猜測其意思。(2) 根據定義或解釋猜詞：如果生詞后有一個句子(定語從句或同位語從句)或段落來對其下定義，或使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內容和引號、括號中的內容加以解釋和定義，那么理解這個句子或段落就可以推斷詞義。(3)根據同義詞和反義詞猜詞：在單詞所出現的上下文中，有時會出現與之同義或反義 的詞語或結構，這時考生可從熟悉的詞語中推測其含義。(4)根據因果關系進行猜詞：該方法是根據前后的因果關系來推斷某個生詞或短語的意思?？捎杀硎驹虻木湟馔茰y出表示結果的句子中的某個生詞或短語的意思；也可由表示結果的句意推測出表示原因的句子中的某個生詞或短語的意思。(5)根據語義轉折猜詞：有時作者為了增強表達效果，在文章中會用一些表示轉折意思的連詞、副詞或短語，如： though，although，but，yet，instead，however，while，rather than 等，考生可以根據轉折的語境猜測詞義。 代 詞 指 代 題 代詞指代題要求考生依據語境的邏輯關系，判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象，包括考查it(指動物、無生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的復數名詞)，he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those 等在文章中的指代意義，以考查考生對文章中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認能力。常見的命題形式有：The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to “________”.

　　What does “that/those/them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　(2024·高考重慶卷) Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. What does the underlined word “They” refer to?________ A．Flooded waters.

　　B．Wildlife journeys. C．Safari camps.

　　D．Unique rides. 【解析】　代詞指代題。做代詞指代題時一般應該從前文查找答案，畫線代詞所在句子與其前一句是并列的，前一個句子的主語是the camps，而the camps指前面提到的safari

　　camps，故應該選擇C項。

　　C

　　(2024·高考四川卷)However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.West said，“I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought，‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things？’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides，he realized.That，he notes，should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”． So he tried it． What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?__________ A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached. B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels. C．Rolling poles to move the blocks. D．Rolling the blocks with fat. 【解析】　代詞指代題。根據So he tried it.中的So一詞可判斷，it指代的內容應該在第六段。由文章第六段中的A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides...make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．可知，物理學家West提出，在石塊四周捆綁上木棒可以使石塊更容易滾動。因此他對這種方法進行了嘗試，故選A項。

　　A 名師點津 解答代詞指代題時，我們要認真閱讀畫線詞所在句和前后鄰近句的內容，分析人稱轉換和動作變換的詳細過程，理清其來龍去脈和前后的因果關系，從而準確推斷其指代的對象。因此，理解上下文(特別是上句)的意思和代詞所在句的意思是解題的關鍵。 句 意 猜 測 題 句意猜測題通常需要考生猜測意思的是一個具有概括性的句子或是格言、諺語等，要求考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進行解釋性的描述。常見的命題形式有： The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”． The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean ________．

　　(2024·高考福建卷) While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can’t.That isn’t a reason to stop，it’s just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has

　　done it many times before.It’s all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?_________ A．Escape from your punishment. B．Realization of your dreams. C．Freedom from your tension. D．Reduction of your expectations. 【解析】　句意猜測題。根據最后一條建議Decide and act before overthinking.(行動前不要猶豫不決)可知，要把自己從思想的束縛中解放出來。release意為“解放”，與freedom同義，根據句中you’ll be on your way也可得知只有把自己釋放出來，你才能走出去。 C 名師點津 考查句意理解的試題一般出現在長難句中。對于這種試題，考生應該認真閱讀原文，特別是畫線句子的上下文，準確理解作者的觀點，尤其是對特定的人、物、事件的褒貶觀點，以準確推斷語句的含義。 欄目導引 高頻考 點突破 專題針 對訓練 課堂達 標訓練 專題一　閱讀理解

　　欄目導引 高頻考 點突破 專題針 對訓練 課堂達 標訓練 專題一　閱讀理解 第三講　詞義猜測題 專題一　閱讀理解 [命題分析] 詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解題中的一種常見的題型。詞義猜測可以是對一個單詞的意義推斷，也可以是對一個短語或一個句子的意義推斷，既可以是生詞生義，也可以是熟詞新 義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內容的判斷。通過對近三年新課標全國卷分析統計來看，詞義猜測題一般有1－2題。雖然題量不大，考查相對比較穩定，但難度略有增加，需要在復雜的句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。 在詞義猜測題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據短文提供的語境，通過閱讀上下文，根據已知的信息或常識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或詞組的含義。 專題一　閱讀理解 單詞或短語意思猜測題 該題型著重考查考生根據上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進行推理，有時還需要依靠常識和經驗來猜測詞義。考查范圍涉及對某個生詞或短語的含義的猜測、對某個熟詞進行生義的猜測或考查該詞能被哪個單詞或短語代替等。常見的命題形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”． Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”． What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?

　　(2024·高考北京卷) The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________． A．silently B．gradually C．regularly

　　D．completely D 【解析】　詞義猜測題。本題屬于猜測熟詞的新義。由本段可知，我們能看到物體一類是因為它們減慢了光速和對光進行了散射，使其改變了原來的路線，而另外一類是因為它們對光線的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的傳播過程中就被完全阻止了，因此這里dead意為“完全地”，故選D。

　　(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programs B．provided fewer channels C．changed to commercials D．showed all-night movies 【解析】　詞義猜測題。結合畫線部分所在的句子“The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.”尤其是畫線短語前面的I would keep it on說明作者非常喜歡看電視，一 直看到電視臺停止播放節目為止，故A項“結束所有的節 目”與短語sign off “結束廣播/電視節目”意義相近，為正確答案。 A 名師點津 對于此類題目我們可以借助下面這些方法來答題：(1)“拆 猜”并用來解決問題：閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。此時可以用“拆猜”的方式，先把該詞的各種詞綴或前后兩個合成部分拆開，再結合我們掌握的構詞法知識，根據中心詞的含義和詞綴的含義猜測其意思。(2) 根據定義或解釋猜詞：如果生詞后有一個句子(定語從句或同位語從句)或段落來對其下定義，或使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內容和引號、括號中的內容加以解釋和定義，那么理解這個句子或段落就可以推斷詞義。(3)根據同義詞和反義詞猜詞：在單詞所出現的上下文中，有時會出現與之同義或反義 的詞語或結構，這時考生可從熟悉的詞語中推測其含義。(4)根據因果關系進行猜詞：該方法是根據前后的因果關系來推斷某個生詞或短語的意思?？捎杀硎驹虻木湟馔茰y出表示結果的句子中的某個生詞或短語的意思；也可由表示結果的句意推測出表示原因的句子中的某個生詞或短語的意思。(5)根據語義轉折猜詞：有時作者為了增強表達效果，在文章中會用一些表示轉折意思的連詞、副詞或短語，如： though，although，but，yet，instead，however，while，rather than 等，考生可以根據轉折的語境猜測詞義。 代 詞 指 代 題 代詞指代題要求考生依據語境的邏輯關系，判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象，包括考查it(指動物、無生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的復數名詞)，he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those 等在文章中的指代意義，以考查考生對文章中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認能力。常見的命題形式有：The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to “________”.

　　What does “that/those/them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　(2024·高考重慶卷) Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. What does the underlined word “They” refer to?________ A．Flooded waters.

　　B．Wildlife journeys. C．Safari camps.

　　D．Unique rides. 【解析】　代詞指代題。做代詞指代題時一般應該從前文查找答案，畫線代詞所在句子與其前一句是并列的，前一個句子的主語是the camps，而the camps指前面提到的safari

　　camps，故應該選擇C項。

　　C

　　(2024·高考四川卷)However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.West said，“I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought，‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things？’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides，he realized.That，he notes，should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”． So he tried it． What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?__________ A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached. B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels. C．Rolling poles to move the blocks. D．Rolling the blocks with fat. 【解析】　代詞指代題。根據So he tried it.中的So一詞可判斷，it指代的內容應該在第六段。由文章第六段中的A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides...make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．可知，物理學家West提出，在石塊四周捆綁上木棒可以使石塊更容易滾動。因此他對這種方法進行了嘗試，故選A項。

　　A 名師點津 解答代詞指代題時，我們要認真閱讀畫線詞所在句和前后鄰近句的內容，分析人稱轉換和動作變換的詳細過程，理清其來龍去脈和前后的因果關系，從而準確推斷其指代的對象。因此，理解上下文(特別是上句)的意思和代詞所在句的意思是解題的關鍵。 句 意 猜 測 題 句意猜測題通常需要考生猜測意思的是一個具有概括性的句子或是格言、諺語等，要求考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進行解釋性的描述。常見的命題形式有： The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”． The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean ________．

　　(2024·高考福建卷) While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can’t.That isn’t a reason to stop，it’s just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has

　　done it many times before.It’s all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?_________ A．Escape from your punishment. B．Realization of your dreams. C．Freedom from your tension. D．Reduction of your expectations. 【解析】　句意猜測題。根據最后一條建議Decide and act before overthinking.(行動前不要猶豫不決)可知，要把自己從思想的束縛中解放出來。release意為“解放”，與freedom同義，根據句中you’ll be on your way也可得知只有把自己釋放出來，你才能走出去。 C 名師點津 考查句意理解的試題一般出現在長難句中。對于這種試題，考生應該認真閱讀原文，特別是畫線句子的上下文，準確理解作者的觀點，尤其是對特定的人、物、事件的褒貶觀點，以準確推斷語句的含義。 欄目導引 高頻考 點突破 專題針 對訓練 課堂達 標訓練 專題一　閱讀理解