2024屆高考英語二輪詞法專題講座素材:12 主謂一致
英語詞法專題講座十二:主謂一致
一.就近原則
1. 由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與較近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.
2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.
There ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。
I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
二.意義一致原則
1. 當(dāng)主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短語時(shí),謂語動詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時(shí),若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞),則謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America.
Half of the apples ______(be) red.
4. 詞組“a number of”作主語時(shí),謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù);“the number of”作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.
The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
5. 英語的集體名詞(family,
public,
group,
team,
class等詞),指代“整體”時(shí)為單數(shù);指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。
My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl.
My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整體原則
1. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
When to leave _____(have) not been decided.
Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
注:如果主語是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí),謂語動詞須用單數(shù)。
The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.
The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year.
3. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí),通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
10 minutes_____(be)enough.
4. 加減乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。
2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、….夫婦”,作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
四.個(gè)體原則
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
2. 英語句中的each, either, neither等詞,作代詞充當(dāng)主語,修飾名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Neither of us _____(have) been abroad.
Neither answer _____(be) wrong.
3. 由some, any every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主語時(shí),通常謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等詞語時(shí),則謂語動詞要與量詞(pair, suit, piece )在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。
A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk.
5. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),卻表示單數(shù)意義(maths, physics, news …)謂語用單數(shù)。
Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
6.“the +形容詞(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一類人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The young ______(like) listening to popular songs.
7.“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”
表示“某某夫婦,某某一家人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.
英語詞法專題講座十二:主謂一致
一.就近原則
1. 由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與較近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.
2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.
There ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。
I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
二.意義一致原則
1. 當(dāng)主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短語時(shí),謂語動詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時(shí),若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞),則謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America.
Half of the apples ______(be) red.
4. 詞組“a number of”作主語時(shí),謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù);“the number of”作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.
The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
5. 英語的集體名詞(family,
public,
group,
team,
class等詞),指代“整體”時(shí)為單數(shù);指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。
My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl.
My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整體原則
1. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
When to leave _____(have) not been decided.
Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
注:如果主語是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí),謂語動詞須用單數(shù)。
The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.
The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year.
3. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí),通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
10 minutes_____(be)enough.
4. 加減乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。
2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、….夫婦”,作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
四.個(gè)體原則
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
2. 英語句中的each, either, neither等詞,作代詞充當(dāng)主語,修飾名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Neither of us _____(have) been abroad.
Neither answer _____(be) wrong.
3. 由some, any every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主語時(shí),通常謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等詞語時(shí),則謂語動詞要與量詞(pair, suit, piece )在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。
A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk.
5. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),卻表示單數(shù)意義(maths, physics, news …)謂語用單數(shù)。
Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
6.“the +形容詞(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一類人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The young ______(like) listening to popular songs.
7.“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”
表示“某某夫婦,某某一家人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.